Zodyera Social: lingaliro ndi chikhazikitso. History amakhalidwe abwino. Ethics ndi Etiquette

Today sikutheka kukumana munthu, amene pa womdziwa woyamba akutsikira bondo limodzi ndipo anagwada pansi. Akazi salinso mauta, amuna kawirikawiri kumpsompsona dzanja la madona, palibe wina amaphunzira chipani Waltz kapena zinthu mazurka. Kodi anadabwa kuyang'ana pa ife makolo! Pajatu, kwa iwo zodyera chikhalidwe kunali kofala, ndipo ngakhale kuvomerezedwa wofotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maphunziro, makhalidwe abwino ndi chikhalidwe. Kodi ndi chifukwa zasintha malamulo nthawi ndi malamulo a khalidwe anthu mkulu nkhaniyi idzafotokoza.

Kodi mfundo "zodyera chikhalidwe"?

tanthauzo limeneli yophatikiza ya makhalidwe abwino ndi nthawi mzere chikhalidwe ovomerezeka khalidwe. Kudziwa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino zamakono zingathandize munthu kuti apeze malo, kuti tisangalatse, kulimbitsa mbiri yake munthu erudite ozindikira ndipo woganizira. Komabe, kukwaniritsa maganizo amenewa okha - ndi weniweni sayansi. Popeza anachitira ndi mibadwo yonse imene anali asanabadwe, ena ya nsonga tsiku, komabe ntchito ngakhale kusintha nthawi, zokonda, maganizo. Kaya nthawi komanso msinkhu, ziyembekezo zosangalatsa ndi ulemu kwa munthu anakhalabe zambiri zikutsatiridwa - iwo nthawizonse m'gulu pamaso pa ulemu, nzeru komanso ulemu, luso zinthu pa gome, pa phwando, poyera, luso kuyamba ndi kusunga kukambirana kupita.

Zikamera zodyera

History abwino ali kale n'zogwirizana m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri a mwa France, Britain ndi angapo m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, monga Germany. Komabe, malo chiyambi cha secularism sindingathe kupemphera iwo! Pali kale analamulira ambiri mosadziwa, mwano, umbuli, kulemekeza mphamvu ndi ulamuliro. zodyera Social alitcha inachokera Italy, yemwe ali mmodzi, chifukwa mphamvu yake chuma, kuima, makamaka mu Early Ages Middle, ndi maziko a mayiko ena. Choncho, mpaka cha m'ma XVI England anakhalabe dziko ndi malamulo kukhetsa mwazi wakunja chifukwa nkhani mosatopa pa nkhondo latsopano. Pa nthawi iyi, palokha mzinda Italy wolemera communes, chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha luso ndipo, ndithudi, pofuna kukongoletsa ndi ennoble miyoyo yawo pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo amakhalidwe abwino. Germany nthawi ino, monga England, yemwe anali palibe nkhondo zochepa wamagazi, mogwirizana ndi zomwe anthu otchuka kalekale uncultivated. France anazindikira njira yomweyo okha mphamvu ya mphamvu, nkhondo ndi kuphana.

Izi - chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa ulemu, zambiri kuyandikira malamulo awo modernity. Kumene, sindikuganiza kuti izo zikanakhala kuti Zapakati, palibe malamulo zodyera kulibeko mu dziko. Zinapangidwa pasanapite nthawi kuchokera pamene munthu anaonekera Choncho, pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono, limodzi ndi anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Pambuyo kulambira milungu m'dera ndi nyengo angathe kuonedwa malamulo a khalidwe. Ancient Greece Mwachitsanzo, waikanso mphatso za chitukuko cha malamulo yolembedwa: nyota za Agiriki monga chilengedwe cha tebulo ndi malonda zodyera.

Mbiri ya pofuna kukwaniritsa zodyera

zodyera Social mu mapangidwe ake afika kutali. Pang'onopang'ono, pamene nkhondo ku Ulaya anayamba kukhala cholinga ndi dala mu chikhalidwe, lingaliro la ulemu. Iwo okhudza malamulo a Knights, amene anayamba kuchita m'modzi wa ophunzira waukulu wa anthu ophunzira ndekha, chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chake kwambiri boma. Malinga ndi malamulo a ulemu, Knight anayenera kusankha okha Chokongola Lady wa mtima, nkhondo ndi kupambana kwa iye, kuti athe kulemba ndakatulo ndi nyimbo polemekeza wokondedwa, musayembekezere yankho kuchokera mbali ake ndi kusewera Chess wabwino. Kumene, anaphatikizapo malamulo ndi kukhalapo kwa khalidwe zokhudza Knight zogonjetsa ndi luso kutha ku ungwiro kugwiritsa ntchito mikono, kukwera, luso kusonyeza kulimba mtima, khama ndiponso kulimba mtima pa nthawi yoyenera.

Zodyera wa anthu mkulu pa nthawi anapatsa anthu lero ndi mwambo bwino monga kugwirana chanza pamene msonkhano kapena kuchotsa mipango. Ndiyeno, ndi wina mu nthawi ya chivalry anatsimikizira mtima wosafuna kupha mnzake ndi ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu a zolinga zabwino ndi malo abwino. Lero anthu umakaniko chanza ndi munthu, mwina kudziwa mmene likukhalira, izi zinali zofunika manja pa dziko la Ulaya!

Siteji yotsatira, amene amakhala ndi mbiri ya zodyera - ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano (Kubadwa Kwatsopano). patsogolo luso, sayansi ndi luso zinachititsa kuti ojambula kuchuluka pakati pa maiko awiri, kotero kuti malamulo amakhalidwe abwino adzipangira sitepe yaikulu patsogolo, kukhala zofanana erudition ndi munthu kaso. Pali malamulo kukula monga kusamba m'manja asanayambe kudya, ntchito mafoloko ndi mipeni ndi luso kumvetsa, kulemekeza kalembedwe achikulire zovala, kusowa flatulence zimabwezera panache.

M'tsogolo, mfundo yolakwika kosalekeza kusintha, ngati si lodzaza ndi watsopano, zili qualitatively osiyana zaka ndi zaka. Iwo amasankha zokhazokha Chilichonse, mufunika chinachake chimene chikanakhoza awonetse kwenikweni munthu monga ankapoperamo palokha ndipo fotokozani mu mawonekedwe a kudziwa chikhalidwe malamulo. Lero, mnjira akadali sanamalize - maziko Decal ndi akewo iwo zikusintha ndi osauka. Mkubwela kwa madera atsopano palinso malamulo atsopano a khalidwe.

Ndipo kodi zodyera mu Russian?

Kuli koyamba zodyera chikhalidwe mu Russia chi angayerekezedwe ndi zinthu akewo akhale akuyamba mapangidwe a boma la ku Ulaya. Zodziwika bwino malamulo zimenezi sizinali mpaka mapeto a XVII wa - kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVIII, ndiye bola ngati mpando wachifumu sanakwere wophunzitsa ndi wokonzanso Peter I. pamaso pake, chilengedwe buku la munthu aliyense Russian anali "Domostroy" limene iwo Kwalamulidwa chikhazikitso cha banja ndi ulimi, chimene munthu chosagawanika mutu wa banja akhoza kumenya mkazi wake, komanso kudzikonda anaika, ena miyambo ndi iwo akukhala. Peter anaona chidina izi zakale, zosafunika kwa boma mwapang'onopang'ono, choncho ku Ulaya anabwereka kwambiri mabuku, kuphunzira zodyera chikhalidwe.

Modern mitundu amakhalidwe abwino ndi amene akudziwa bwino mbiri ya munthu

Lero anthu, kuwonjezera pa courtly, amene anapita kale, zodyera, mukudziwa mitundu zotsatirazi kuti:

• The khoti - chikhalidwe ndi ulemu, amene ayenera kutsatira bwalo la olamulira a. Izi - ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza ndi kumanga malamulo. Chifukwa cholephera kutsatira (mwachitsanzo, kulephera kuweramira chithunzi achifumu) mosavuta kupita pa chipika. Mtundu uwu wa zodyera ntchito lero m'mayiko ndi mawonekedwe monarchical boma.
• Akazembe - .. Amenewa ndiwo malamulo amakhalidwe abwino chikhalidwe amene amalamulira khalidwe la Bolivia ndi ndondomeko ya mmene zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi mzake pa misonkhano, pa nkhani, pa phwando, etc. Mtundu wa zodyera inakhazikitsanso kalekale, koma akukhalabe linakhalapo mpaka lero.
• Asilikali zodyera - ndi Lamulo pamaso pa lamulo yeniyeni ndipo chinatenga nthawi miyambo imene chimatanthauza khalidwe la anthu onse okhudzidwa mu mchitidwe wa asilikali. Izi zikuphatikizapo ulemu ndi malamulo a khalidwe mu ofesi ndi pa malo kutali-ntchito, pochita lotha, mu ntchito moni ndi mauthenga amene ali lathu miyambo ndi mbali zina za moyo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Professional - mtundu wa ulemu, zomwe anapeza chitukuko chachikulu mu XX ndi XXI zaka pogwira ntchito kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ntchito kugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha nthawi ya patsogolo sayansi ndi luso. A zosiyanasiyana zigawo za anthu ochokera konsekonse mdziko anayamba kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri amagwira ntchito mwachangu ntchito akatswiri kuti chinachitika mu kuwonjezeka kwambiri wa mtundu uwu wa zodyera zinchito.
• Ndi anansi akatswiri ndi malonda ulemu, amene nthawi malamulo a akuluakulu kuyankhulana kwa wina ndi mnzake mu pochita ntchito zawo zonse.
• Wamba (umatchedwanso khalidwe kapena chabe yakale) - ndi maganizo kwambiri ambiri abwino, ndiko Chili akonzedwa wamba malamulo, malangizo, misonkhano ndi miyambo, ntchito kuti anthu amagwiritsa ntchito polankhula ndi mzake ... The zodyera boma, kotero ndi mosalekeza ambiri a mitundu ina yonse.
• Kulankhula - mtundu wa zodyera, omwe mawu zimadalira chikhalidwe chathu kuti amaganiza kudziwa zofunika stylistic ndi kalembedwe ka chinenero, ndi luso chabe, komanso momveka bwino kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi kulankhula anthu ena. mtundu uwu ndi chigawo kuvomerezedwa m'gulu onse a mitundu pamwamba abwino, monga luso molondola kulemba ndi kulankhula bwino ndi penipeni pa zodyera iliyonse ambiri.

Tsopano ndi nthawi yoganizira kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro a "mwambo ndi zodyera." Mosavuta kusokonezedwa, pamene aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ena, wosiyana mawu ena, phindu.

Ethics ndi Etiquette: kusiyana ndi kufanana

Ngati ndi ulemu, kale zafotokozedwa pamwamba ndi nthawi kudziwa zimene amanyamula akuti "chikhalidwe". Mfundo imeneyi ndi kufufuza za mwambo ndi khalidwe mawu a nzeru, ndiyo malamulo a khalidwe paphwando, zikuoneka, ubale lakutali kwambiri. Kusiyana mfundo izi zikhoza poyera ndi zitsanzo, monga:

• "Kukonda Mulungu ndi anthu anzathu" - mwatsatanetsatane, kufotokoza mfundo za makhalidwe.
• "Usaphe, Usabe, kodi usasirire" - mawu amene imalongosola kale zodyera mfundo (ku mawonedwe za makhalidwe abwino achikristu).

Ndipo wina ndi magulu zina lapangidwa kuti litilangize munthu kuti njira yoyenera, kumuphunzitsa kuchita zabwino, kuphunzitsa ndi yowala, view wabwino wa dziko. Ichi ndi kufanana waukulu pakati pa mawu "makhalidwe" ndi "zodyera". Woyamba Mzimuyo kodi mwana'yo, ndipo chachiwiri - ichi chimene ndi mmene zimenezi zitheke.

zodyera Social lero: khalidwe loyenera?

Tsopano ndi nthawi kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la ulemu, ndiko kuti, usapite ku chitsogozo kale othandiza kwa kanthu.

Modern zodyera yakale zikuphatikizapo:

• Mitundu ya moni ndi chithandizo ndi mzake;
• Malamulo pa chakudya;
• Malamulo a khalidwe mu mabwalo ena a anthu;
• Malamulo a kukambirana zomwe zimapanga luso osiyana ndi subtleties ake ndi mfundo zina zabwino (nkhani wamba);
• Courtesy mu Buku akazi;
• Ulemu ndi kulemekeza akulu ndi zaka ndi malo.

Kodi kukwaniritsa kuti tikhalebe yokha kuganiza zabwino kwambiri anthu, kukhazikitsa wokha ngati munthu ophunzirako otukuka?

zodyera Zida

Malamulo a khalidwe chikhalidwe, zomwe zigwirizana ndi umodzi zokongoletsa (kunja) zikuyenela (mkati) zigawo kupereka munthu aliyense nkhokwe ya zida zenizeni thandizo kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi - kukwaniritsa kuzindikira anthu a. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Kudzichepetsa ndi kudziletsa. makhalidwe amenewa si ofanana manyazi, mantha ndi diffidence, monga anatsimikiza ndi laxity munthu wake, kupanda zoyembezereka za ine ndekha udindo uliwonse, komanso chilakolako chofuna kudzikweza pachionetsero;
• Tilinazo ndi nzeru zomwe akuwonetseredwa mu mphamvu za nkhani zaka interlocutor, udindo wake m'dziko, zochitika ndi kuika foni, pakalibe kapena kukhalapo kwa alendo, maganizo amene kulankhulana chikuchitika;
• Tikuyenera Molingana ndi luso zothetsera yekha;
• mphamvu kulamulira zochita zawo;
• Luso kusamala.

Maphunziro, kukhala ndi makhalidwe amenewa nokha, dziwani kuti pa nthawi ina kuzindikira anthu akadali kubwera.

Kodi n'zotheka kudziwa zodyera?

Kumene! Panopa, aliyense amene akufuna kukokera luso lawo mu luso ndi anthu ena akhoza wosankha la mwina kalasi mbuye zodyera chikhalidwe. Akatswiri kuphunzitsa osewera ake nzeru kuti zinthu patebulo, kumvetsa zosiyanasiyana mafoloko ndi mipeni, mwaluso amakambirana pa zozama mitu nthanthi ndi mdani kotero kuti asakhumudwitse aliyense, bungwe ndipo kumugwira madyerero kupita ku malo ndi zambiri. Kumene, mbali yofunika kumene ndi "nkhani wamba" gawo kuthandiza osatetezeka mu luso lawo ndi kuyamba kulankhula ndi anthu zokongola, elegantly ndi wopanda frills zosafunika.

Polongosola mwachidule

Kotero, tsopano zimaonekeratu kuti palibe cholakwika mu zodyera chikhalidwe. Ndizosowa zodyera Ndipotu, mu digiri imodzi kapena aliyense wina amadziwa, m'pofunika yekha wosankha - kaya ndi chitukuko chachikulu luso kale kapena chakuti pali zokwanira. Pambuyo kuti muyenera kapena ndisamacheze pamodzi ndi kumvetsa ndizosowa secularism popanda kusiya kwanu kapena kulembetsa njira yapadera, amene lero wapereka akonzedwa yaikulu. Chinthu chachikulu - ndi chilimbikitso, ndipo uko ndi pafupi anthu mkulu!