Zitsanzo poyerekeza mu mabuku - ndakatulo ndi prose. Tanthauzo ndi zitsanzo kufananitsa chinenero cha Chirasha

Munthu angathe umasinthasintha kulankhula za kukongola ndi kuchuluka kwa chinenero cha Chirasha. Izi mfundo - chabe chifukwa china kuchita za nkhani imeneyi. Choncho m'mafanizo.

Kuti pali poyerekeza ndi

Ndipotu, mawu Mipikisano ofunika. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kufanizitsa zitsanzo wosatha kusunga tsiku ndi tsiku. Colloquially ndi m'malo a kuloŵerera zinthu zosiyanasiyana amati ndi ofanana kapena ofanana.

Mu masamu, mawu akuti "poyerekeza" imachitika mogwirizana ndi lingaliro lomwelo la "chiŵerengero." Poyerekeza kuchuluka mosakondera kapena lochitira, ife tikupeza kusiyana pakati pawo.

Kuyerekezera umatchedwanso ndondomeko Kuyerekezera kufanana ndi kusiyana, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zinthu zingapo. Zitsanzozi zikusonyeza kuti kufanizitsa m'masayansi monga nzeru, maganizo, Chaanthu - ndi mtundu wa ntchito chidziwitso zakuya kulingalira za kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu kuphunzira. Mothandizidwa kufananitsa awulule makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a zinthu izi kapena zochitika.

Kuyerekezera mabuku: tanthauzo ndi zitsanzo

Stylistic mabuku ndi ena yosiyana tanthauzo. Izi fanizo, zipangizo stylistic, imene zochitika zina kapena zinthu akuyerekezedwa ndi ena ofanana mbali. The njira poyerekeza akhale ophweka, pamene kumbuyoko ndi zambiri pano mawu otpredelennye. Ena mwa iwo: "mmene", "ngati", "ngati", "molondola". Koma pali njira zotsalira za poyerekeza: Pankhaniyi, sizikugwirizana kuchitidwa ndi nauni mu nkhani malangizo popanda anawagwiritsira a. Chitsanzo: "Onegin moyo anchorite" ( "Eugene Onegin" A. S. Pushkina).

Mafanizo ndi mafanizo

Kufananitsa ndi inextricably zogwirizana ena zolembalemba lingaliro, mafanizo - mawu ntchito mophiphiritsa. Kwenikweni, zochokera fanizo ndipo n'chosiyana ndi fanizo molunjika. Mwachitsanzo, mzera wa Alexander Blok "Akuthawa ndakatulo wanga mitsinje" ndi mmene fanizo (mawu "mitsinje" ntchito mophiphiritsa). Koma ichi ndi amodzi ndi kuyerekezera mavesi kuthamanga ngati mitsinje.

N'zochititsa chidwi ntchito njira zophiphiritsira chabe pa nkhani ya otchedwa kufananitsa. Zitsanzo kufananitsa mosavuta opezeka epics lapansi. "Pali mitambo awiri mu mlengalenga converge, converge awiri kufika Knight" - mu dongosolo lino lakale Russian epic ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatsindika kufanana ankhondo oopsa ndi mitambo zoopsa mdima, wosakana chizindikiro chawo, ndi limachokera kwathunthu zodabwitsa chonse chithunzi.

kufananitsa kwambiri ntchito achilendo luso wowerengeka ndi wowerengeka stylization, udindo wapadera mu maganizo a chifanizo luso. Apa ndi mzere pa ntchito za Nekrasov: "Tisadzamugwire pa Dubravushka huntsman nkhonya, cackles Daredevil - naplakal, akuigwiritsa ndi akuigwiritsa nkhuni wamng'ono wamasiye." Gawo lachiwiri la mawu (naplakal ...) ndi palokha sasowa, izo limapereka tanthauzo ankafuna. Koma mgwirizano wa mbali ziwiri chiganizo kuti amalola kuona kuwawa onse, tsoka zinachitika.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zosonyeza

Kufananitsa kumvetsa mfundo kapena chodabwitsa, anawayerekezera ndi zinthu zina - lokoma, ngati uchi, wowawasa, monga vinyo wosasa. Koma cholinga chachikulu - osati mizere kunsi kwa katundu khalidwe la chinthu. The wina waukulu kumaoneka, mawu olondola kwambiri maganizo a wolemba, monga mmodzi wa njira yapadera kwambiri mawu - kufanizitsa. Zitsanzo kuchokera mabuku kwakukuru zikusonyeza udindo wake mu mapangidwe a fano adafuna wolemba. Apa ndi mzere wa chilengedwe cha Mu Lermontov: "Haroun anathamanga mofulumira Doe, mofulumira kuposa kalulu kwa mphungu." Inu mukhoza kunena chabe, "Haroun anayamba kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri" kapena "Haroun anathamanga ndi liwiro lalikulu." Koma, pokhala mwamtheradi woona kwenikweni ake, Mukapeza mfundo zoterezi sibwenzi anachita digiri ka zotsatira, zomwe ndi chibadidwe Lermontov mizere.

Features

Kulipira msonkho kwa kufananitsa monga exponents wamphamvu wa mbali Chirasha, akatswiri ambiri anadabwa rationality mafanizo awa. Zingaoneke, apa ndi rationality? Ndipotu palibe wina ku kufananitsa ndi sikutanthauza mogometsa kwambiri, kwenikweni! Koma apa mosiyana zitsanzo kufanizitsa, mizere yoperekedwa kwa anthu osiyana. "Panali ognelikie eland, monga magalasi ndi vinyo wamagazi" (N. Z) ndi "Zikuoneka kuti tsoka, mu msika muli nyama, amene magazi mwinanso mpeni ku nsonga kwa kudula" (Haqqani). Pakuti dissimilarities onse mawu awa ali kusiyana ndi mbali wamba. mawu onse amatiuza za zinthu wamba ndithu (a kofiira, katundu anthu tsogolo) ndi olembedwa monga mwa mawonekedwe osiyana, mosavuta kusochera mu lemba lililonse. Koma ntchito mafanizo ( "magalasi a vinyo magazi", "mpeni wopha a") kunapezeka kuti ndendende zowawa kuti anawonjezera mawu mwadala yosavuta expressiveness wapadera ndi emotionality. Mwina n'chifukwa chake nyimbo ndi ndakatulo chikondi, kumene kale amphamvu maganizo, ndi ena ngakhale zochepa poyerekezera mu zimathandizadi Nkhani.

Zitsanzo kufananitsa chinenero cha Chirasha

Chirasha ndi chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, chilengedwe cha zapamwamba zoweta kuzindikira lapadera kwambiri mu dziko, choyambirira, aluso. Zikuoneka kuti pali mgwirizano inextricable pakati pa mfundo zimenezi. movutikira kuphunzira chinenero ndi ambiri ndithu mbali kupezeka zingakhale bwino. Koma ndi nakatsegula danga yaikulu wolemba aluso amene anakhoza kuphunzira njira lachinyengo. Chirasha kwenikweni wolemera kwambiri: muli mwayi wosatha, limakupatsani kutembenukira mawu wamba mu chithunzi chowala zithunzi kuti izo resound mu njira yatsopano, kotero kuti kosatha mu kukumbukira. Makamaka ndakatulo iyi. "Moyo wathu ukalamba - ankavala mkanjo: ndi manyazi kuvala ilo, ndipo chisoni kusiya." Izi mzere P.Vyazemsky ndi chitsanzo zazikulu za ntchito fanizo ntchito zolembalemba.

Ntchito ya AS Pushkin

Wolemba ndakatulo chachikulu amavomereza kuti namatetule umwini chipangizo zipangizo zolembalemba. Ntchito ndakatulo wake ndi ndakatulo kufananitsa amenewo akukantha anadabwa lawo ndi chimodzimodzi nthawi molondola, neatness.

"Frosty silvery fumbi la Beaver kolala lake" - mzere ndakatulo "Eugene Onegin". mawu ochepa chabe, koma ukuonekera pamaso panu Capital Boulevard, yokutidwa ndi matalala, ndi zokoma achinyamata, kupita ku mpira. Ndiyeno zinachitika pa mpira, "anabwera: ndi pulagi pa denga, vinyo nyenyezi ankathamanga panopa". Lembani Pushkin kuti mtumiki anatsegula botolo la shampeni, iye asiye choonadi. Koma Kenako anatuluka momveka kupenta amenewa, chikondwerero, wothwanima zosangalatsa?

Ndipo ichi ndi ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi": ". Before likulu junior wa chinazilala Moscow akale monga kale ndi watsopano mfumukazi Porphyry wamasiye" Kodi n'zotheka molondola kwambiri amasonyeza zinkakhalira m'mudzi wina ndi ngakhale kusiyidwa analamulira ku Moscow pambuyo likulu Russian dzina lake Petra? "Kudana ndi kulanda tiyeni ake akale mafunde Chifinishi kuiwala!" - izi ndi momwe madzi a Neva anali litapakidwa lubwe. Inde, mwina, ichi anauza popanda kufananitsa, koma limachokera ndi mlembi wa chithunzi kuti aima poyerayera pamaso pathu?

Ndipo pa Russian ndakatulo zilandiridwenso

zitsanzo zabwino za kugwiritsa ntchito zifaniziro poyerekeza choperewera mu ntchito ya ndakatulo zina Russian. Amazing poyerekeza ndakatulo Bunin a "Ana" molondola zinkakhalira tsiku lotentha chilimwe, kumverera mwana amene amakonda dzuwa ndi nkhalango oonetsera. Sand ku wolemba - ndi silika mtengo thunthu - chimphona, ndi dzuwa yotentha nkhalango - m'chipinda dzuwa.

No zochepa chidwi, ngakhale zitsanzo osiyana kwambiri alipo mu ntchito za ambuye ena mawu Russian. Esenina kufananitsa mu ndakatulo "Mwadzuka!" Anapereka owerenga chilimwe m'bandakucha. Gold nyenyezi tcheru, m'malo madzi mtsinje - galasi m'derali pa birches wobiriwira ndolo, siliva mame yoyaka ndi lobaya miyambo nettle yowala ngale. Ndipotu lonse ndakatulo - ndi mmodzi wamkulu poyerekeza. Ndipo momwe ziriri zokongola!

About kufananitsa ntchito ya S. Esenina akhoza kulankhula nthawi yaitali - mpaka onse owala, zosangalatsa koma mosiyana. Ngati ntchito "Mmawa wabwino," m'mlengalenga ndi kuwala, achimwemwe, osangalatsa, kuwerenga ndakatulo "Black munthu" pali lingaliro yokoka, ngakhale ngozi (n'zosadabwitsa amaona mtundu wa requiem wolemba). Ndipo chikhalidwe choterechi okhumudwa amadziwikanso zooneka mwa kufanizitsa zodabwitsa zolondola!

"Black munthu" - mtundu wa ndakatulo zomvetsa chisoni. Munthu wakuda, kaya akuwuka mu maloto, kapena kuona zilubwelubwe wolemba. Yesenin kuyesera kuti adzaone zomwe mtundu wa masomphenya. Ndiyeno mndandanda kufananitsa wanzeru: "Kodi L ngati yakhalapo mu September, kusamba ubongo mowa", "Mutu wanga m'mwamba makutu ake monga mapiko a mbalame pakhosi pake, miyendo imene yatsala zikuluzikulu sindikanakhoza kupirira," "Mu December, m'dziko la chisanu ndi mdierekezi woyera ndipo adzabala mkuntho wa chisanu zosangalatsa gudumu kupota. " Werengani mizere ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona izo zonse: yowala ndi yozizira, ndi yaikulu kakasi anthu.

Pomaliza

Kufotokoza maganizo awo akhoza kukhala osiyana. Koma ena, chinazilala ndi wosasamala mawu, ngati si incoherent babble, pamene ena - ndi wapamwamba maluwa chitsanzo. Kufananitsa ndi zina njira luso kulola kukwaniritsa mawu ophiphiritsa onse olembedwa ndi m'kamwa. Ndipo musanyalanyaze chuma.