Wolemba Andrei Sinyavsky: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi wolemba

Russian wolemba Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich, amene yonena linamalizidwa mu February 1997 ku Paris, lero si sanaiwale, koma mpaka pano ya kanjedza chifungulo cha mabuku Russian kunja. dzina lake nthawi zonse otchulidwa kutsutsana ndi pachimake umoyo ndale ikufalikira pakati pa magulu osiyana zolembalemba. Choncho usakhale superfluous kukumbukira munthu uyu modabwitsa ndipo dabwani maganizo ndi mfundo iye ankatanthauza kwa mbadwa.

Kuchokera yonena za wolemba

Wolemba tsogolo Andrei Sinyavsky anabadwa mu 1925 Moscow. Iye anakulira m'banja laluntha ndi chiyambi lolemera. Makolo a wolemba anakonza malo apamwamba mu Russian Ufumu, komanso amalembedwa ndi mbali mu zochitika kunachitika. Odziwika bwino mfundo ndi kuti chikhalidwe ndi ozindikira chilengedwe ali ndi chikoka zikuluzikulu mapangidwe umunthu kulenga. Ndi chilengedwe ichi ndi kuumba tsogolo wotchuka wolemba Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Banja werera chilakolako mnyamatayo kuti adziwe. Chidwi kwambiri ndi Andrew anasonyeza kuti philology ndi kuphunzira zilankhulo. Koma maphunziro ankafunika ndi mliri wa nkhondo. Popeza m'dzinja 1941 banja lake ankakhala mu gulu la Syzran. Kodi pambuyo sukulu ku sekondale Andrei Sinyavsky anali usilikali. Mkhalidwe wa Moscow State University, iye analembetsa 1945, chigonjetso. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, iye anatsogolera ntchito kafukufuku pa Institute of World Literature, ndipo adaphunzitsa utolankhani ku Moscow State University ndi Moscow Art Theatre School.

ntchito zolembalemba

kupita wolemba kwambiri mabuku Andrei Sinyavsky anayamba ndi essays yovuta, maphunziro zolembalemba ndi biographies za upamwamba mabuku Russian zaka mazana makumi awiri. ntchito yake m'dera limeneli akhala anazindikira ankawerenga. Young wolemba anasangalala mbiri choyenera mu mabwalo Moscow a bohemia, ndi akutali malire ake. Patsogolo anali vistas zodabwitsa ndiponso wabwino alipo Soviet functionary zolembalemba. Komabe, wolemba Andrei Sinyavsky, amene yonena kusanduka bwino ndithu, wokonzeka kuchita pa moyo wanu kukhota lakuthwa. Iye n'komwe yekha zodabwitsa akudikira iye patsogolo.

Abram Tertz

Pa siteji zina za luso lake wolemba anafunika yooneka n'ngosathetseka vuto - kulephera kulankhula ndi kulemba choonadi cha chowonadi, ndi ubale chake. Palibe konse kuwerenga kapena ndinamva chinachake kuti ankafuna kuti mabuku Russian Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Buku sanathe lofalitsidwa mu Soviet Union. Koma yankho linapezeka. Mu dzina ankaganiza iye akanakhoza kunena chirichonse chimene iye ankaganiza kuti kunali koyenera. Ndi kufalitsa ntchito zawo kunja m'dziko lawo. pseudonym wake Andrei Sinyavsky anaitenga ku khalidwe la Odessa akuba nyimbo. Iwo adalemba ndi Zopatsa kwa mbala zazing'ono za mtundu wachiyuda. Choncho adakhala Abram lachitatu. Mu zaka zao za sikisite kumayambiriro kwa West afalitsidwa buku "Wokondedwa," nkhani "khoti akupitiriza" ndipo nkhani yokhudza ufiti publicistic "Kodi Socialist Kuzindikira?", Famously chipongwe mfundo boma mabuku Soviet. Kwawo, ochepa anaganiza kuti woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi ndi Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. mabuku ake anatuluka ndi dzina la Abulamu Tertz pa tsamba mutu. Sinyavsky anali oyamba amene athe kunamiza Soviet kufufuza.

ndondomeko

Only tsopano boma la Soviet ngati cholimbana maziko ake sanali kukhululukira. Mu September 1965, wolemba anagwidwa ndi KGB. Tinapita naye pa Nikitsky Boulevard pa siteji ya basi. Choncho, Andrei Sinyavsky, mbiri yomwe mpaka pa nsonga iyi sanachite ndi motsatana ngati lakuthwa, anali mkaidi ndale. Malinga ndi nkhani yemweyo, iye anagwidwa ndi wolemba Yuli Daniel, komanso lofalitsidwa mu West, mabuku awo pansi pseudonym munthu. The ndondomeko ya Sinyavsky-Danieli ndi lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya ganizo chikhalidwe. Soviet Union anayesa olemba zosemasema. Zinali kwambiri ngati akale mfiti kusakasaka.

kayendedwe Social Poteteza Sinyavsky ndi Daniel

Mlandu wa olemba itatha seveni m'ndende zaka, zayambitsa kwambiri kulira pagulu ku Soviet Union ndi kupitirira. Chosangalatsa chinali chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa akaidiwo anaimirira pa dziko. Ndipo zimenezi zachitika ngakhale mosadziletsa propaganda boma. Mphamvu, bungwe milandu Sinyavsky ndi Daniel, zinali zosasangalatsa anadabwa. Anthu kusonkhanitsa anasaina chifukwa mapemphero Poteteza olemba ndi anafika pa chionetsero mu mzinda wa Moscow. Zimenezi chofunika wolimba mtima chilungamo. Kumbuyo olemba mosavuta kupita pambuyo pawo. Koma gululi shirilos padziko lonse motetezera mlandu. Mu mitu ambiri European, ndi kunja unachitikira kuukira kutsogolo kwa utumwi Soviet zamtendere.

mu ukapolo

Kutsiliza Andrei Sinyavsky anatumikira Mordovia, mu "Dubrovlag". Malinga ndi lamulo kwa Moscow, izo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito kuzisiya. Pankhaniyi, wolemba alibe ntchito iliyonse zolembalemba. Kumbuyo waya waminga Andrei Sinyavsky analemba mabuku -. "Voice ku nyimboyi," "Kuyenda ndi Pushkin", "M'munsi mwa Gogol" wolemba sanali ngakhale kuonetsetsa kuti analenga pomaliza lidzafika pa chifuniro, kuti owerenga. Mu mavuto wolemba mayiko maganizo a anthu, iye anali m'ndende lisanathe nyengo. Mu June 1971 iye anamasulidwa.

emigration

Mu 1973, Paris yotchuka Sorbonne University ali ndi pulofesa yatsopano ku Russia - Andrei Sinyavsky. Wambiri ya wolemba mu ukapolo anapitiriza. A ntchito kuphunzitsa France, anaitanidwa chakachi kundende. Koma mmodzi yekha professorship wolemba sinditi malire. Andrei Sinyavsky, amene mabuku anali ingathandize omvera lonse kwa nthawi yoyamba mu moyo wanga anali ndi vuto kumene iye akanakhoza kufalitsa chirichonse chimene wasankha. Popanda kuyan'ana pa kufufuza. Choyamba anthu onse pali kuti kudalembedwa kumbuyo mu Soviet Union.

Kuphatikizapo m'ndende. Makamaka, "Kuyenda ndi Pushkin." Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mabuku ambiri maganizo, lomwe linalembedwa ndi Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. mkazi wolembayo, Maria Rozanova, kumlingo, ndi Co-wolemba. Bukuli Andrei Sinyavsky analemba mu ndende ndipo akutumiza mu makalata achinsinsi kuseri kwa waya waminga. Potsatira mitu munthu.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "An Letter Open kuti Solzhenitsyn"

Ndi ena anadabwa Sinyavsky anapeza kuti mabuku kunja wiritsani chilakolako cha ku Moscow. Russian emigration anali kutali ndi umodzi. Ndi kulankhula, iwo unagawidwa m'magulu awiri - olekerera ndi okonda dziko lawo. Ndipo zochita za mbali kukonda dziko lako mu nkhani zolembalemba ndi journalistic wa pulofesa latsopano Sorbonne anali zikuchepa negative. Makamaka zikuwanyansa buku Aburahamu Tertz "Kuyenda ndi Pushkin." otsutsa ambiri ankadabwa ndiye amene mwa mtundu Andrei Sinyavsky. Ndipo Abramu Tertz sanamugwiritse Iye mwala omvetsera, kupereka chidzudzulo lakuthwa adani ake. Mu wotchuka wake "Letter Open kuti Solzhenitsyn," iye kukaneneza compatriot wotchuka mu chodzala authoritarianism ndi nkhanza za maganizo zina zatsopano. Ndipo ndi uzitsine amvekere anabweretsa kwa anthu addressee kuti m'nthawi ya mavuto a anthu Russian mlandu yekha, osati Ayuda ena nthano ndi magulu ena mdima. Zitatha izi mwayi kutsutsana kwa Abram Tertz mu emigre periodicals anali adatsekedweratu. Wolemba Andrei Sinyavsky anakakamizika kuganizira za maziko a magazini athu.

"Malembedwe"

kope chinalengedwa. Kwa zaka zambiri imodzi mwa malo kukopa kuganiza ndi zauzimu za emigration Russian anali "malembedwe" magazini. Iwo lofalitsidwa mu Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky ndi Maria Rozanov. The magazini chimakwirira zosiyanasiyana zokhudza moyo Chikhalidwe chathu, ndale ndi zolembalemba. Buku chinali chomveka lotseguka kwa anthu ndi mfundo ina. Iwo lofalitsidwa zipangizo Soviet Union. "Malembedwe" Anatsogolera mosalekeza mlandu wina wotchuka mu kope mabwalo emigre - "M'dziko" Vladimir Maximov.