Wild apulo mtengo: malongosoledwe mtengo ndi zipatso. Kodi n'zotheka kuphunzitsa zakutchire mtengo wa apulo

Pa madera chosefukira kwa Russia ndi Ukraine wildings Tingaone kulikonse, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nkhalango mwa ziyangoyango pafupi mtsinje, pa otsetsereka a zigwembe. Wild apulo wakonda kukula ngati chitsamba chilichonse, kapena mtengo yaing'ono. Mwina, aliyense amakhalabe kukumbukira ubwana wake, pamene, akuthawira makolo awo anali yaing'ono zipatso owawa.

Malo apulo zakutchire kukula

zomera ndi mmodzi wa anthu mwayi zomera ochepa pa munthu wacheukira. Wild apulo mtengo zambiri amapezeka deciduous wathu, wosakaniza ndi nkhalango coniferous. Makamaka bwino izo umapulumuka m'madera kumpoto. Top apulo wildings akufotokozera ndipo lili ndi ntchito yambiri yokolola, anabala pa madera linawala. "Zikukhazikitsa" mbewu makamaka singly m'munda kapena panjira, nthawi zina m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete nkhalango.

Mu nkhalango, pansi pa denga la mitengo ina, kumene olimba mthunzi mtengo akuona wovuta, izi zimakhudza kukula ndi zokolola. Wild apulo ntchito chifukwa chodzala mu hedgerows, mu greenery waima m'midzi chitetezo moyo ndi zoipa "oonetsera" misewu. Angapezeke mu minda nazale.

wildings Ponseponse anaona mu gawo European la Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus. M'madera wakunja kwatawuni ndi pafupi nyumba munthu atalikwirira mwachilungamo, mu nthawi zina, chifukwa magawo ang'ono, ndipo eni sali mofulumira yocheza danga wapatali mu mtengo.

Wild apulo: kufotokoza

Apulo mtengo chotchezera zakutchire, wildings, mtengo mtengo wa apulo - mtengo amene kutalika kwa mamita atatu kapena asanu, meters zina monga mkulu 10, makulidwe - 40 masentimita. Crone wandiweyani, makamaka anamaliza, makungwa bulauni mtundu, pa mitengo ali ndi zaka grayish, ndi ming'alu. zanthete za udzu, wakuda - bulauni, ena minga. zakutchire apulo masamba a mitengo yokutidwa ndi tsitsi pang'ono elliptical, nthawi zina ndi mano anamaliza pa konsekonse. The okhwima mawonekedwe iwo akuda wobiriwira, nthawi zina yowala wobiriwira pamwamba ndi frosted pansi.

Limamasula kumapeto April - oyambirira May. Maonekedwe apulo pa nthawi ino yosalephera! mtengo yokutidwa ndi maluwa mwachilungamo lalikulu loyera kapena pinki, amene anasonkhana pa ndalama zochepa mu inflorescences wa - zishango. Pamodzi ndi ukufalikira mitengo apulo anayamba duwa masamba wildings. Kubereketsa zomera mtanda.

Zipatso za Malus sylvestris

Mtengo wa zipatso akuyamba pa zaka khumi. Zokolola wildings zoona, koma vuto ndi zipatso za nkhalango ya apulo zowawa, wowawasa ndi zake. Mu maonekedwe atsopano, akuyenera anthu mowa pokhapokha mwezi kuchokera yokolola. Mbeu ali chinthu chakupha bwino - amygdalin.

zipatso ang'ono, wa mosiyanasiyana. mtundu awo zimagwiritsa obiriwira komanso a chikasu, ndi wofiira ndi yochitidwa-chikasu ndi manyazi pinki. Chatsimikiziridwirapo mwasayansi kuti maapulo aang'ono awa ali opambana cultivars ena katundu wawo opindulitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi zakudya zopezeka iwo:

• asidi Organic (1.9%) malic, tartaric, citric, ndi ena.
• Pafupifupi 30 mitundu ya mchere, kuphatikizapo chitsulo, calcium, potaziyamu ndi nthaka.
• carotene ndi vitamini "B", "C", "PP".
• Mpaka 16% zamitundu yosiyanasiyana dzuwa (shuga, sucrose ndi fructose).
• loopsali ndi zofunika mafuta.

Zizindikiro izi zimakhudza zaka ndi mitundu ya mitengo. The mankhwala zikuchokera chipatso zimadalira malo ndi nyengo, wophuka apulo zakutchire, komanso kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Kodi zochepa apulo, m'pamenenso zidzakhala vitamini "C". Masamba a mitengo apulo muli zambiri. The rind chipatso lili flavonoids.

Yosonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zipatso

Terms of kusonkhanitsa maapulo yakucha zimadalira nthawi ndi akupitiriza kuyambira chilimwe kuti yophukira mochedwa. Sungani zipatso ayenera idzachitika, kutenga nkhani mbali zonse khalidwe. Maapulo ayenera kwathunthu okhwima, pokhapokha ngati ali wolemera mu zakudya ndi kulawa yachibadwa, komanso mphamvu wamkulu wa mavitamini.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zokolola mkulu nthawi yokolola, amafuna bungwe mkulu ndi wozengereza zida izi ntchito. Popeza maapulo ndiye ntchito processing luso kusonkhanitsa kwa ntchito njira zosavuta - wobala wildings kugwedezeka, ndipo zipatso ndi pansi. Komabe, njira imeneyi amalembedwa imfa lalikulu ndi kuwonongeka maapulo makina analandira.

Chidzakhala ndi ntchito yaikulu kokha pamene ali pansi pa nsalu mtengo anatambasula. Kugwa pa iye, zipatso zochepa kuonongeka, osati mochuluka yatsekera ndi, Chofunika, mulibe kuthera nthawi yambiri kusaka ndi kusankha zipatso wagwa. Ngati maapulo ukunenedwa kudya mwatsopano, iwo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti aphwasule ndi dzanja.

Sungani maapulo zakutchire muyenera mu chidebe yovuta, mwachitsanzo mabokosi. Mu iwo adzakhala muyaya zipinda apadera mpaka kutumiza kumaloku. Anatola zipangizo zakutchire yaiwisi ayenera zosankhidwa ndi khalidwe ndi kukula, sitiyenera ndi zinthu zakunja ndi zipatso kuonongeka.

Pofuna zipatso za apulo mitengo kwa nthawi yaitali iwo adzaikidwe mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwa 0 madigiri kapena sitolo mu nkhalango pansi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa masamba. Kenako kucha zipatso, yaitali alumali moyo umene ranges kuchokera miyezi iwiri kapena asanu.

Kukula mitengo apulo kwa mbewu

Mwina, aliyense anali ndi vuto zotero mu moyo wake, pamene iye anali kutuluka chidwi m'manda mu mwala nthaka ya apulo ndi chiyembekezo kukula mtengo weniweni. Koma kufuna mowiriza sanathe bwino. Kuti ankaona wabwino wa maapulo ndi maapulo zinali zokoma, muyenera kugwira ntchito kwambiri, komanso ndi chidziwitso kutero. Mitengo panopa ku mbewu za apulo zakutchire, ndi Hardy kwambiri, chingathe kupirira ngakhale makumi digiri frosts ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kubala zipatso chaka chilichonse.

Pamaso mmene kudzala mtengo wa maapozi, wakula mbande wamng'ono kwa mbewu wamba. Mwachibadwa, ntchito zimenezi mu nurseries, koma n'zotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a akatswiri, kupeza mbande mbewu nokha kunyumba. Choyamba muyenera kunyamula mbewu khalidwe. Bwino kutenga chipatso wakucha mu gawo la korona, amene amalandira kuwala kokwanira ndi bwino kuti aziwapatsa zakudya, izo - kwambiri nthambi ya apulo. kumera bwino akupezeka mbewu anasonkhana zipatso wakucha m'dzinja oyambirira.

Kukonzekera mbewu kumera

Mbeu akhoza m'chaka, m'pofunika stratification. Koma mbewu choyamba amatengedwa bwinobwino kuchapa zouma, ndiye aikidwa mu madzi ofunda, kusintha tsiku lililonse. Zotsatira zabwino, kuwonjezera kukula stimulant.

Pambuyo kutupa mbewu anaika mu chidebe ndi chisakanizo cha utuchi ndi yonyowa Moss kapena mchenga yonyowa kapena utuchi. Pofuna kupewa nkhungu, ndi zofunika kuwonjezera adamulowetsa mpweya. chidebe ndiye n'kofunika kutumiza mu m'chipinda chapansi kapena mu firiji kwa miyezi awiri kapena atatu.

Pamene palibe njira kulenga zinthu zofunika kulima mbewu, iwo akhoza anabzala mwachindunji mu nthaka. Pankhaniyi, malamulo onse chiphaso ziyenela kuyan'anidwa. Pakuti wintering mbande achinyamata kunditumiza ku m'dzinja za chidebe analemba mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi. Ndi isanayambike masiku ofunda kasupe kakang'ono aka zakutchire apulo n'kufuna kuti locus ake okhazikika. Kuti mwayi kumera anali mkulu, Ndi bwino kuika wina mpando zimakhudza angapo zidutswa za mbewu.

ankafika gawo

Ena kudziŵa kukula zomera mbewu, sikokwanira. Mtengo (apulo mu nkhani iyi) amene wakwanitsa amakula bwino ndi kubala zipatso, ndi ufulu wosankha posankha malo kubzala. Kodi kusamalira kwambiri mbewu zipatso.

Open mtunda si oyenera mitengo kubzala apulo. Iwo kungokhala ndi kupereka zokolola osauka a zipatso, anabzala pafupi nkhalango ndi pansi pa malo otsetsereka. Malo abwino imatengedwa kutetezedwa ku mphepo chiwembu dzuwa. Ngati yowalanga chifukwa zochita kuisamalira, Malus sylvestris wamkulu njira mbewu udzabala zotsatira zabwino. njira woyenera kuti mwambo umenewo limachititsa kupeza amphamvu kumezetsanitsa mfundo lokhoza.

Katemera wa apulo kuthengo

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa akukumana ndi Zikatero, pamene anagula sapling pa msika patatha zaka zisanu yaitali si zotsatira yaitali. zipatso ndi winanso kwambiri. Nthawi zina mukufuna kukhala m'munda mtundu mumaikonda, ngakhale kudziwa dzina lake, ntchito wildings, koma funso ndi ngati n'zotheka kuphunzitsa zakutchire mtengo wa apulo. Kuchokera zinthu, pali njira imodzi kunja - kuphunzira mmene katemera manja awo cultivar kwa chitsa zakutchire.

Ntchito imeneyi kwambiri zosangalatsa ndi chidwi. Pa thunthu limodzi, mukhoza kuchita scions ochepa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi aliyense nthambi apulo zipatso zosiyanasiyana mitundu zipatso zokongola ndi chokoma. Ndikumverera breeder sikokwanira, muyenera kuphunzira njira ya cultivars katemera pa wildings mmera wamkulu ndi manja awo.

Pa inoculations ikuchitika kulanda gawo la zomera wina ndi mzake, chifukwa accretion zina. Mbali kuti cholinga cha kumezetsanitsa, wotchedwa Scion, zomera, umene katemera zachitika - chitsa. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za mtengo kumezetsanitsa. Wild apulo mtengo zambiri ndikamezetsanidwemo cuttings. M'chaka cha njira imeneyi ndi kuchita bwino pa chiyambi cha kayendedwe ka madzi, pamene masamba choyamba kuyamba kuoneka pa mtengo.

yokonza Scion ya

Scion nthambi zanthete za chaka panopa. Mu kusankha awo ayenera kulabadira chakuti iwo ndi mokwanira amphamvu ndi bwino anakamba. Kututa cuttings mu autumn, pambuyo chisanu choyamba, kuwalola anaumitsa. nthambi achokera kum'mwera kwa mtengo ndi kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono kutalika 20-30 cm.

Gawo la cuttings adzaikidwe mu firiji kapena zipinda unheated. The njira yabwino kuzisunga ndi burrowing mu chisanu, koma alandiridwa kokha mu nyengo chipale chofewa. nthambi odulidwa anayikidwa mu thumba pulasitiki, muvale kumalekezero satero, ndiye atakulungidwa mu pepala lolemera ndi mauna zitsulo kusunga rodent. Pamene kusungidwa mu cuttings wa firiji akhoza atakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndi malo thumba pulasitiki.

Pakuti chilimwe kumezetsanitsa cuttings safuna. Onse mukhoza kukonza pa malopo, ndipo mwamsanga zimenezi, mudzasankha ntchito. Kudula pachaka anasankha nthambi ya kukhalapo kwa khalidwe la impso ndi apulo ankafuna. Ndi kuti kuchotsedwa masamba onse, ndiye zonse zichitike mogwirizana ndi njira ya kumezetsanitsa njira anasankha.

Onse a matenda ndi mitundu yonse ya maapulo zoipa

Palibe wamaluwa si m'thupi chakuti mtundu wina wa vuto zingachitike kwa malo ake. bwino si chitsimikizo chonse kuti munda si anaukira ndi tizirombo, mitengo pochitika matendawa, iwo adzawonongedwa kotheratu namsongole. Kumene, anakumana wamaluwa bwino kusamalira zomera, anakumana ndi mavuto oterowo, ndipo kawirikawiri mukudziwa chiyani, ngati n'koyenera msanga kuteteza mitengo yawo ankakonda. Mu moyo, mulibe zinachitikira aliyense mwa anthu, ngati ali m'munda, m'pofunika nthawi kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri.

Zipatso ndi mtengo kukongoletsa yafupika kwambiri chifukwa matenda. Wild apulo mtengo ndi phunziro matenda ena. mmera anakhudzidwa ndi zamoyo zimene kuchokera chomera chomera wamoyo. Koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda udzasungunuka bowa. Pali matenda a masamba, maluwa, mphukira ndi zipatso, ndi bakiteriya ndiponso mavairasi, imene dziko lathu sali ngati mankhwala wothandizila kuti kodi ntchito bwino.

The matenda ambiri a apulo cinoni, tsamba banga, dzimbiri, nkhanambo ndi ena. Chifukwa cha matenda mitengo apulo kutaya masamba asanakalambe, ndi zofooketsa. Maluwa ikutha si zochuluka, chifukwa mu zokolola kugwa. Thunthu, nthambi ndi mizu ya zomera akudwala matenda otsatirawa: khansa wakuda tsitosporovy necrosis, kuvunda mizu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu.

Mavuto mitengo apulo ndi frosts lolemera, chilala, nthaka wosauka pa zakudya. Awa onse zikuwononga amakhudza viability wa mbewu. Pankhaniyi iwo kuyamba kupweteka, koma matenda awa si opatsirana.

tizirombo apulo

Pa apulo akufotokozera mitundu pa 200 tizilombo zoipa monga ntchentche, njenjete, kafadala, nthata phytophagous. Iwo kudya mbali zosiyana za mtengo: impso, masamba, masamba, zipatso, ndi kuti zosasangalatsa kwambiri, makungwa. Monga tizirombo kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera nyama zing'onozing'ono, amene nematodes ndipo akuluakulu - agologolo ndi mbalame.

Tizirombo anawagawa m'magulu awa: tsamba-kudya tizilombo, wakuyamwa, ndulu, Anthuwa, kapena kulepheretsa tizirombo xylophagous ndi tizirombo zipatso. The tizirombo ambiri apulo zipatso ndi apulo njenjete ndi apulo sawfly. Njenjete pa nyengo amapereka mibadwo itatu. mbozi ake akhoza kuwononga zipatso zonse za mitengo apulo. Malus sylvestris yozizira njenjete sakuona pansi makungwa ake.

Chitetezo cha mitengo apulo ku tizirombo

Kuteteza mitengo kwa tizirombo muyenera nthawi, ndipo ngati munda mu gawo payekha, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pokha pokha mwadzidzidzi. Against woyamwa tizirombo zochita ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ndi nsabwe za ntchito decoctions masamba ndi maluwa a elderberry herbaceous kapena wakuda, camomile Caucasus, mankhwala kapena Dalmatian.

Mmodzi wa prerequisites pa chitukuko wabwinobwino wa mmera kuchuluka kukana kuti zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe monga nyengo ndi tizirombo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zimenezi, muyenera nthawi kuti apange feteleza, kuti kuchititsa kudulira pachaka, kupha udzu. Chotero miyeso zovuta luso adzalimbikitsa kufalitsa kuyamwa a dongosolo conduction. Iye mudzaze kwathunthu amasuntha wopalidwa thunthu tizirombo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kodi imfa ya mphutsi za.

Ngati muli ndi kusamalira mitengo ndi mankhwala, ndi kofunika kusunga malangizo onse chitetezo mongotsatila malangizo ntchito poizoni. Onetsetsani kuti kupirira nthawi, kenako chipatso akhoza kudyedwa mwa zakudya zimene zidzatithandiza kukhala ndi thanzi la munthu. Woyamba munda mankhwala mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa isanayambe kuyamwa otaya.

Mwatsoka, kupopera ziphe sizidzakupulumutsani m'munda ku tizirombo. Akuwamenya iwo umayamba nthawi ya kugula mbande, ndiponso umatha ndi woyenera kuyeretsa gawo pa mapeto a nthawi yophukira. Tiyenera kusankha wathanzi kubzala chuma kuti tisamakhulupirire m'munda wa tizirombo ndi matenda kuti kupewa ndi bwino. Koma pamene iwo amaoneka kuti akuchita zinthu mwanzeru komanso mofulumira. Tikatero kuthengo mtengo wa apulo, anabzala pa msewu kapena m'munda, kupanga mpweya zotsukira kwambiri komanso wozizira. Anthu amene ali pafupi, kumva thanzi labwino.