Wambiri ndi ntchito ndi Glinka (mwachidule). ntchito Glinka a

Zilandiridwenso M. I. Glinki amalembedwa latsopano siteji mbiri ya chitukuko cha chikhalidwe nyimbo - tingachipeze powerenga. Iye anatha kuphatikiza zabwino mumaganiza European ndi miyambo dziko. Tcheru ayenera kuperekedwa onse zilandiridwenso Glinka. Mwachidule motere Mitundu yonse imene iye ankagwira m'ndendemo. Choyamba, zinali za zisudzo wake. Apeza zofunika kwambiri monga zoona recreate zochitika amunamuna a zaka zapitazi. nyimbo zake mwadzaza zimamvekera kwambiri ndi kukongola. ntchito Symphonic yodziwika ndi amazipanga wowoneka bwino. Nyimbo wowerengeka Glinka anatsegula ndi sizidzatha gwero la ndakatulo ndi analenga moona demokalase dziko luso.

Zilandiridwenso ndi yonena za Glinka. Childhood ndi unyamata

Anabadwa May 20, 1804. Anakhala ubwana wake m'mudzi Novospassky. Bright ndi anakumbukira moyo wonse zidindo anali nthano ndi nyimbo ya namwino Avdotya Ivanovna. Nthawi zonse amakopeka ndi kulira kwa mabelu ake, zimene iye anayamba bwanji pa mabeseni mkuwa. Anayamba kuwerenga ndipo anali kufuna kudziwa mwachibadwa. Akutsutsana bwanji kuwerenga ndi Nsanja wakale "Pa ulendo ambiri." Ndi chidwi kwambiri kuyenda, madera, zojambula ndi nyimbo. Asanalowe bolodi wolemekezeka anachita maphunziro pa limba mwamsanga anapambana pa nkhani yovuta.

M'nyengo yozizira 1817 anam'tumiza ku sukulu yogonera komweko ku St. Petersburg, komwe anakhala zaka zinayi. Iye anaphunzira pa Bema ndi Field a. Moyo ndi Works ndi Glinka mu nthawi kuchokera 1823 mpaka 1830 anali otanganidwa kwambiri. Kuyambira 1824 anapita Caucasus, kumene ankatumikira mpaka 1828 Mlembi wa zoulutsa Wothandizira. Kuyambira 1819 mpaka 1828 ndi nthawi akuyendera mbadwa Novospasskoye. Pambuyo kudziwana abwenzi atsopano mu St. Petersburg (Yushkov ndi D. Demidov). Nthawi imeneyi, Analenga nyimbo yake yoyamba. Ali:

• Elegy "Musati kuyesa ine," mu mawu Baratynsky.
• "Osauka woimba" mawu a Zhukovsky.
• "Ndimakukonda, inu kundiuza kuti" ndi "ndipsopsone mtima kuti," mawu a Korsak.

Analemba zidutswa limba, akupanga ulendo woyamba kulemba opera "A Moyo kwa Tsar".

ulendo oyamba kunja

Mu 1830 anapita ku Italy, anali paulendo wopita ku Germany. Iwo unali ulendo wake woyamba kunja. Mapita pano ndi kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lawo ndi kusangalala ozungulira chikhalidwe unexplored dziko. Zinachitikira chifukwa anamupatsa mfundo zithunzi yamakedzana ya sewero la "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila". Mu Italy izo zinali isanafike 1833, anali makamaka Milan.

Moyo ndi Works ndi Glinka mu dziko lino chitani bwino, mosavuta ndi mwachibadwa. Apa ndi womdziwa ndi zojambulajambula K. Bryullov, Moscow Pulofesa S. Shevyryaevym. Oimba - ndi Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz ndi ena. Milan ndi Rikkordi anafalitsa zina za ntchito zake.

Mu 1831-1832 iye analemba serenades awiri, chiwerengero cha songs, Chitaliyana cavatina, sextet mu chinsinsi E Lathyathyathya Major. Mumagulu lolemera ankamutcha Maestro russo.

Mu July 1833 anapita ku Vienna, kenako anatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mu Berlin. Apa iye Polemeretsedwa nzeru zawo luso ndi contrapuntist wotchuka Z. Dehn. Kenako mu utsogoleri wake, iye analemba, "Russian Symphony". Panthawi imeneyi, Wolemba talente akufotokozera. Glinka zilandiridwenso umakhala ufulu ku zochita za wina, thereto amapereka zambiri sadziwa. Mu "Maulendo" akuvomereza motero, kuti nthawi zonse anali kuyang'ana njira yake ndi kalembedwe. Kufuna kwanu, ganizirani zimene ndilemba Russian.

Homecoming

M'chaka cha 1834, Michael adza kwa Novospasskoye. Iye ankaganiza kupita kudziko lina, koma afuna kukhala m'dziko kwawo. M'chaka cha 1834 anatumizidwa ku Moscow. Anatipeza pano ndi Melgunov ndi kubweretsa womdziwa akale ndi mabwalo nyimbo ndi mabuku. Pakati pawo Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka anaganiza zopanga Russian dziko opera. Iye ananyamula chikondi sewero la "Marina Grove" (Zhukovsky pa chiwembu). dongosolo Wolemba anali sadatsatire, ndondomeko siinafike ife.

Mu kugwa kwa 1834 akadzafika mu St. Petersburg, kumene anakaphunzira ku zibonga zolembalemba ndi amateurish. Zhukovsky kamodzi chimamulimbikitsa kutenga nkhani "Ivan Susanin". Panthawi imeneyi, imene nyimbo zoterezi, "Leka cemera izo kumwamba," "Usanene, chikondi zidzachoka," "Only ndinakudziwa," "Ndine pano Inesilla". Mu moyo wake iye zimachitika chochitika chachikulu - ukwati. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba chidwi kulemba sewero la Russia. Makonda mukopedwe ntchito Glinka, makamaka nyimbo ya masewero a wake. Poyamba, Wolemba anali ankafuna kulemba cantata wapangidwa ndi zojambula atatu. Choyamba kutchedwa Rural powonekera, chachiwiri - Polish lachitatu - chachikulu pamapeto. Koma atamwa Zhukovsky anamanga sewero modabwitsa wopangidwa mwa machitidwe asanu.

The kuyamba kwa "Moyo kwa Tsar" zinachitika November 27, 1836 W. Odoyevski anayamikira. Mfumu Nicholas ndinapereka kwa izo Glinka mphete kwa 4000 rubles. Patapita miyezi ingapo anamuika kukhala bandmaster. Mu 1839, zifukwa zingapo Glinka wasiya. Nthawi imeneyi, kupitiriza ntchito zipatso. Glinka Mihail Ivanovich analemba zikuchokera otsatirawa: "Night perete", "North Star", powonekera wina ku "Ivan Susanin". Amatengedwa ngati sewero latsopano chifukwa cha nkhani ya "Ruslan ndi Ludmila" malangizo a Shakhovsky. Mu November 1839 chisudzulo kwa mkazi wake. Pa moyo wa munthu "m'bale" (1839-1841) analenga angapo nyimbo. Opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" anali yaitali chochitika, matikiti anagulitsidwa kunja pasadakhale. The kuyamba zinachitika 27.11.1842 chaka. bwino anali zidzasintha. Pambuyo 53 zithunzi za zisudzo anasiya kuika. Wolemba anaganiza kuti chilengedwe chake saganizira, ndipo izo zifika mphwayi. Glinka analenga inaimitsidwa kwa chaka.

Maulendo maiko akutali

M'chaka cha 1843 akuyenda kudzera Germany kwa Paris, kumene mpaka m'chaka cha 1844.

Konza anzawo akale, abwenzi ndi Berlioz. Glinka anachita chidwi ndi ntchito zake. Iye kuphunzira pulogalamu yake ntchito. Mu Paris, izo amaziyang'anira kugwirizana ndi Merimee, hedzi, Châteauneuf ndi ojambula zithunzi zina zambiri ndi olemba. Kenako anapita Spain, kumene kwa zaka ziwiri. Iye anali mu Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Iye analemba "Aragon Hoth." Apa iye akutenga kupuma ku mavuto ofunika wa St. Petersburg. Kuyenda mozungulira Spain, Mikhail Ivanovich anasonkhana wowerengeka nyimbo ndi kuvina, usazilembe m'buku. Ena mwa iwo anapanga maziko a mankhwala "Night ku Madrid". Makalata Glinka n'zoonekeratu kuti mu Spain iye akupumula mtima ndi moyo, kumene akukhala bwino.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu July 1847 anabwerera kwawo. Iye amakhala nthawi zina Novospasskoe. Mihaila Glinki zilandiridwenso mu nthawi imeneyi mwakhama. Iye analemba zidutswa zingapo limba, nyimbo "Inu posachedwapa kuiwala ine," ndipo ena. M'chaka cha 1848 anatumizidwa ku Warsaw ndi moyo pano mpaka m'dzinja. Iye analemba kuti oimba "Kamarinskaya", "Night ku Madrid" romances. Mu November 1848 akadzafika mu St. Petersburg odwala onse yozizira.

M'chaka cha 1849 kachiwiri amayendera Warsaw ndi kukhala kumeneko mpaka kugwa kwa 1851. Mu July chaka chino anali kudwala, analandira uthenga wachisoni imfa ya mayi ake. Mu September, anabwerera ku St. Petersburg, ali ndi mchemwali wake L. Shestakova. Iye analemba yosowa kwambiri. Mu May cha 1852 iye akupita ku Paris ndipo pano mpaka May 1854. Kuyambira miyoyo 1854-1856 ku St. Petersburg ndi mchemwali wake. Iye wokonda Russian woimba D. Leonova. Pakuti zoimbaimba ake amalenga dongosolo. April 27, 1856 anapita ku Berlin, kumene anakakhala pafupi Dan. Tsiku lililonse akadza kudzamuona, napita makalasi chifukwa kalembedwe yosavuta. Zilandiridwenso M. I. Glinki akhoza kupitiriza. Koma madzulo January 9, 1857, iye anagwira chimfine. February 3, Mikhail anafa.

luso Glinka ndi chiyani?

M. I. Glinka analenga kalembedwe Russian nyimbo. Iye anali wolemba choyamba mu Russian, amene anagwirizana ndi nyimbo yosungira (wowerengeka Russian) zida nyimbo (inakwaniritsidwa nyimbo, mogwirizana, kayimbidwe kotani ndi counterpoint). Glinka Wolemba limapangidwa Creation yowala zitsanzo zokwanira dongosolo amenewa. Izi ndi nyimbo anthu ake sewero "Moyo kwa Tsar", ndi epic sewero la "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila". Chitsanzo cha Russian kalembedwe symphonic angatchedwe "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsk", kum'sangalatsa ndi interludes kuti zichite zisudzo awiri. nyimbo zake amapatsa luso zitsanzo za m'nyimbo mwamphamvu mawu a m'nyimboyo. Glinka ndi zapamwamba tingachipeze powerenga mbuye wa kufunika dziko.

ntchito symphonic

Pakuti oketsra ndi Wolemba kulengedwa ochepa mankhwala. Koma ntchito yawo kunali kofunika kwambiri kuti amaonedwa maziko a Russian chakale nthetemya m'mbiri ya nyimbo. Pafupifupi onse a mtundu wanyimbo maloto kapena mbali kum'sangalatsa. "Aragon Jota", "Waltz Zongoganizira", "Kamarinskaya," "Kalonga wa Chelm" ndi "Night ku Madrid" akupanga ntchito symphonic ndi Glinka. Wolemba latsopano mfundo chitukuko anaika.

Mbali yaikulu ya overture wake symphonic:

• Kapezekedwe.
• Mfundo mapulogalamu zowombetsa mkota.
• Wapadera mawonekedwe.
• Kufupika, conciseness mitundu.
• Malinga ndi pakati chonse luso.

Glinka a ntchito symphonic bwino yodziwika P. Tchaikovsky, kufanizira "Kamarinskaya" ndi thundu ndipo Kanthanga. Iye anatsindika kuti ntchito imeneyi lonse Russian symphonic sukulu.

Opera Wolemba cholowa

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Moyo kwa Tsar") ndi "Ruslan ndi Ludmilla" ndi Glinka mpaka operatic oeuvre. Woyamba wa opera - dziko sewero nyimbo. Iwo zapiringizana Mitundu angapo. Choyamba, izi amunamuna epic za zisudzo (mbiri zochitika mu 1612 ali pa mtima wa chiwembu). Chachiwiri, lili ndi mbali ya nyimbo za zisudzo epic, m'nyimbo ndi maganizo masewero ndi wowerengeka nyimbo. Ngati "Ivan Susanin" akupitiriza mumaganiza European, ndi "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" ndi mtundu watsopano wa sewero - yadzaoneni.

Lidalembedwa 1842. omvetsera sanathe kuzindikira izo, sizinali bwino ambiri. Stasov anali mmodzi wa otsutsa angapo amene anaona kufunika kwake lonse la Russian nyimbo chikhalidwe. Iye anatsindika kuti si sewero zoipa, mtundu watsopano wa sewero, sakudziwika kwathunthu. Features ya sewero la "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila":

• Unhurried chitukuko.
• Chosowa zimasemphana.
• Achikondi zizolowezi - ndi zojambula zokongola.

Songs ndi Romances

Glinka amapilira ntchito analengedwa ndi wolemba moyo. Iye analemba oposa 70 nyimbo. Iwo kutchula zosiyanasiyana maganizo .. Chikondi, chisoni mukamva wauzimu, chisangalalo, kukhumudwa, etc. Ena a iwo akuonetsedwa chithunzi cha moyo ndi chikhalidwe. Glinka nkhani ku mitundu yonse ya chibwenzi tsiku ndi tsiku. ballad izi, "Russian Song" Serenade, Elegy. Limafotokoza banja ndi magule monga Waltz, polka ndi mazurka. Wolemba amatanthauza polemba chinenero, amene amakhala ndi nyimbo ya anthu ena. Barcarolle ndi Italy ndi Bolero Spanish. Mafomu romances ndithu osiyanasiyana: mbali zitatu, ndi couplet yosavuta, zovuta rondo. Glinka ntchito amapilira monga malemba andakatulo makumi awiri. Iye anatha kusonyeza ku mbali nyimbo ya chinenero ndakatulo aliyense wolemba. Njira yaikulu ya mawu a nyimbo zambiri ndi nyimbo za nthetemya za mpweya lonse. Kwambiri ntchito za limba gawo. Pafupifupi onse nyimbo akubwera, tikuuzidwa mu malo a ntchito ndipo anapereka maganizo. amadziwa za romances zimenezi mwa Glinka, monga:

• "Kukhumba ndi moto mu mwazi."
• "Skylark".
• "The kudutsa nyimbo."
• "Ngati kukayikira."
• "Ine ndikukumbukira mphindi zodabwitsa."
• "Musati kuyesa ine."
• "Inu kuiwala ine posachedwa."
• "Usanene kuti chimapwetekanso mtima."
• "Musati kuimba, ulemerero wanga, ndi ine."
• "Kuzindikilidwa".
• "Night perete".
• "Kukumbukira".
• "Kwa iye."
• "Ndine pano Inesilla".
• "O, inu muli kumeneko usiku, The Night".
• "Mu mphindi ya moyo wovuta."

Komiti malangizo zilandiridwenso Glinka (mwachidule)

Chitsanzo chabwino kwa gulu loyimba zoimbidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu limba ndi chingwe quintet Glinka. Izi ndi divertissement zodabwitsa zochokera opera wotchuka Bellini a "La Sonnambula". Latsopano mapulani ndi zolinga ophatikizidwa mu ensembles awiri m'chipinda: "Grand Sextet" ndi "atatu Pathetique". Ndipo ngakhale izi ntchito lingaliro la kudalira mwambo Italy, ali ndithu chosiyana ndi choyambirira. Mu "Sextet" pali wolemera nyimbo thematism mpumulo, ang'ono mawonekedwe. Izi gulu loyimba konsati mtundu. Mu ntchito iyi, Glinka anayesa kusonyeza kukongola a ku Italiya. "Atatu" - amasiyana kotheratu kwa gulu loyimba choyamba. khalidwe lake ndi wachisoni ndi nkhawa.

Komiti nyimbo ya Glinka kwambiri Polemeretsedwa ndi repertoire wochita oimba vayolini amaimba piyano, viola, clarinet. Komiti ensembles kukopa omvera zapadera akuya ganizo nyimbo, zosiyanasiyana mungoli-mitunduyi, mwachibadwa melodic mpweya.

Pomaliza

Nyimbo zilandiridwenso Glinka Chili bwino mumaganiza European ndi miyambo dziko. Dzina la wolemba kugwirizana ndi gawo latsopano mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha luso loimba wotchedwa "tingachipeze powerenga". zilandiridwenso Glinka a chimakwirira Mitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zachitika awo m'mbiri ya nyimbo Russian ndipo amayenera chidwi cha ophunzira komanso ofufuza. Aliyense wa masewero a wake atsegula mtundu watsopano wa sewero. "Ivan Susanin" - dziko sewero nyimbo kuti Chili mbali zosiyanasiyana. "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" - ndi Fairy-nthano epic za zisudzo popanda mikangano achindunji. Akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono ndi mwachete. Ndi chibadidwe nzeru ndi chithunzi. masewero a wake apeza zofunika kwambiri monga zoona recreate zochitika amunamuna a zaka zapitazi. ntchito Symphonic olembedwa pang'ono. Komabe, io osati kusangalatsa omvera, komanso kukhala ndi amtengo weniweni ndi maziko a nthetemya Russian, monga chibadidwe amazipanga wowoneka bwino.

ntchito amapilira wa Wolemba ali pafupifupi 70 ntchito. Iwo ali onse kolakalakika ndi zokoma. Iwo kutchula zosiyanasiyana mtima, maganizo ndi vuto lokhala wosasangalala. Ali odzazidwa ndi kukongola wapadera. Wolemba amatanthauza Mitundu osiyana ndi mitundu. Koma ntchito chipinda-malangizo, iwonso zikusoŵa. Komabe, udindo wawo n'kofunika kwambiri. Likugwirizana ndi latsopano zochita repertoire zitsanzo woyenera.