Pamene kumalongeza kupangidwa? History of kusamala

Ambiri a ife nthawi zonse amadya zamzitini chakudya, ena, ena zochepa. Ndipo palibe wina akuganizira, ndi momwe anthu adali kuchita popanda mankhwala monga iwo kuchita m'matangadza kwa dzinja. ndi kuteteza ndi zimene ndondomeko workpiece yozizira musati amawononga chiyani? M'nkhaniyi, timayesa kumvetsa zonsezi. Ndipo chiyambi cha zokhudza pamene kumalongeza kupangidwa, anthu aphunzira mmene kusunga nyama, masamba, zipatso, zakumwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

kusamala ndi chiyani?

Munthu yaitali anapeza njira kusunga chakudya, ndi patsogolo nthawi kuti anathetsa vuto limeneli onse. Tsopano anthu ayenera ntchito yosiyaniranapo - kusunga zinthu m'njira imene iwo ali pafupi boma awo achilengedwe. Choncho, aliyense zochitika zapadera, kulimbikitsa, ndipo anaitana kumalongeza.

Ndiyamika Kutulukira zimenezi, katundu zachilengedwe mankhwala ambiri sangathe kudzipulumutsa. Ndipotu, ngakhale mawu akuti "kusamala" - kuchokera ku mawu Latin ndipo likumasuliridwa kuti "motetezera." Zimenezi ndi pansi pa maphunziro a sayansi. Ndipotu kupangidwa kumalongeza? Kuti tipambane zamoyo zowoneka kuti kuwononga katundu - bowa, nkhungu, ndi zosaoneka - yisiti ndi mabakiteriya. French wasayansi Louis Pasteur, maziko kuonongeka kwawo. N'chifukwa chake yolera yotseketsa pa kutentha okwera otchedwa pasteurization.

The zatsopano loyamba motetezera, ofanana pano

Koma ngati inu mumaganiza kuti iwo analandira yankho ku funso la pamene anatulukira kumalongeza, chinachake cholakwika. Pasteur - osati munthu woyamba amene amachita ntchito njira anapulumukira. Munthu woteroyo anali Nicholas Appert. Ankachititsa zatsopano kusunga zakudya ndi otentha mitsuko pa nthawi - lata. mtsuko anaikidwa kuti kupitiriza ndi mkangano pa nthunzi kapena madzi otentha. Kudzera kabowo iye adasiya mpweya ndipo nthawi yomweyo losindikizidwa.

Chifukwa otentha ndi mchere kutentha anakonzeka madigiri 135. M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu anapeza mavuto onse kusintha mu zinthu za mtengo kagayidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumalongeza zosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga nthawi yaitali zipatso izi kuwonongeka masamba.

Kuteteza akale

Komabe, kupangidwa kumalongeza? Tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa labwino tinganene kuti ngati tsiku kutsegula kwa cannery choyamba - izo zinachitika mu England wachitatu mu September 1812. luso iyawonekambo mu France mu 1809. Koma chochititsa chidwi, zinsinsi za ndondomekoyi akhala kudziwika kwa zaka zikwi zingapo. Pa zofukulidwa mu Igupto, pamene iye anapeza manda a Tutankhamen, tinapeza woyambirira zamzitini mu dziko. Awa anali abakha, omwe anawotcha ndi thupi mu chikho dongo ongokhala amachepetsa awiri manowa mafuta Bay azitona. Papita zaka zikwi zitatu, koma silinathe, anali salembedwa zoyenera anthu mowa.

Anthu simusowa kuti kuyesera, koma galu anadya iwo ndi zosangalatsa. M'zaka zapitazi, United States, ngakhale zambiri wakale (by nthawi imeneyi chikhalidwe cha) "zamzitini" anapezeka. Pa akuya mamita zana, amaika mumsewu m'ngalande, anthu mandala wosanjikiza mchere thanthwe. Ndipo pamene anaona ena nsomba mazira! Iwo anali zofewa ndipo, nthawi zambiri, edible, koma mofulumira anatembenukira kwa mwala panja. m'badwo wawo - zaka zoposa zikwi khumi. Kuti tiyankhe funso pamene anatulukira kumalongeza, Mukhozanso Indians ku North America. Iwo adakali mu XVII atumwi kuuluka nyama mu ufa, wosakaniza ndi zonunkhira osiyana ndi kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi matumba a khungu popanda mavuto. Nthawi imeneyo, anthu kale anali luso Marinating, kusuta ndi kuyanika.

Zitini za kusamala patsogolo

Kuti tipeze yankho la funso pamene kumalongeza anatulukira, muyenera kumvetsa zimene chinachititsa patsogolo chitukuko. Chinthu chimodzi chinali atayamba Peter Durand, English makaniko lata. Ndiyamika ake kulemera otsika ndi kompaknosti zinayamba kutheka kuti katundu, ndipo anayamba kuitanitsa zam'chitini kale ndiye - mu ankawalamulira British. Ngakhale izi mabanki kutsegula kwa nthawi yaitali zinali zotheka mothandizidwa ndi nyundo ndi chisel. Ndiye kuphimba zitsulo solder molondola ndi malata - kuti n'kakang'ono.

Pomaliza, mu 1860, anatulukira akhoza kutsegula, ndi pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri - injiniya ku United States, Erma Frazee, anabwera ndi mabanki kiyi. The kutsogolera kwa kuti anali vuto, pamene iye ndi anzake anapita ku nkhalango kwa masanje ndipo anapeza kuti mpeni wapadera zitini zotayidwa , palibe amene ali. Bwino Kodi chilili, tsopano anamanga-wodula angadule kale ndi nkhani za chidebe.

Kumalongeza ku Russia

Ndipo pamene kumalongeza kupangidwa mu Russia? Komanso mwapadera, pamene m'mayiko athu? Mu 1763, bungwe kukaona ku zigawo kumalo ozizira, wasayansi Lomonosov Mihail anapanga kuti omuthandizira ake kwa Zouma msuzi ndi zonunkhira. Chabwino kuitanitsa ndipo popanda zonunkhira, ndi theka mapaundi wa munthu ndi zina.

Fakitale woyamba, umene umabala chakudya zam'chitini, m'dziko lathu anayamba zaka 58 pasanafike ku Ulaya (1870). Asilikali mu Petersburg opangidwa zitini phala, msuzi mtola, mphodza, nyama ndi nandolo, soseji ng'ombe. Zamzitini nsomba anawonjezera kuti zosiyanasiyana kwa anthu wamba.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Soviet Union anakhala mtsogoleri kupanga zakudya zamzitini. Ndiponso, izi sanali kokha nambala yaikulu kwambiri mankhwala (mmodzi yekha Moscow chomera umabala zitini 100 miliyoni pa chaka), ndi zosiyana. Tangoganizani - pafupi eyiti yonse ya malonda zipatso, masamba, nsomba ndi nyama zam'chitini, madzi. Ndipo, ndithudi, ife tonse tikudziwa kuti kumalongeza kwa dzinja, kaya wakhala mu dziko lathu skates masiku amenewo.

Main zamzitini Soviet Union

Ambiri a inu mwina kukumbukira masiku pamene maalumali anali ambiri zitini kudzazidwa. Kodi mukukumbukira kwambiri? Ndiko kulondola - sardines mu phwetekere. Maphikidwe kumalongeza anali wapadera kwambiri. Monga mtengo - masenti 33-35 pa mtsuko, amene anathandiza yekha kuti kutchuka ndi.

Kodi iye izo? Pilchards matani wagwidwa nyanja, pa bolodi trawler kale mchere ndi zinatumiza mofulumira ku fakitale. Pali owazidwa ufa, choviikidwa mu masamba mafuta, red-hot kuti otentha. Antchito ndiye dzanja rammed processing nsomba zomera zitini sprat nadzaza yaing'ono wosanjikiza phwetekere msuzi.

maphikidwe Modern kwa kumalongeza

Kodi zimatanthauza chiyani ndi kumalongeza? Pa nthawi ino ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Ndi kumalongeza maphikidwe zikutanthauza: salting, pickling, Marinating, otentha ndi shuga. Ngati inu kudula zipatso zoweta, masamba ndi zipatso ndi manja awo, ndiye onetsetsani kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri, ndipo zambiri onunkhira ndi tastier kuposa aliyense fakitale.

Ngati kokha chifukwa choyambira adzasankha okha, kutanthauza kuti adzakhala apamwamba khalidwe. Ndipo ndithu sudzakhala ntchito zosiyanasiyana mchere; kutetezera wankhanza, thanzi. Ndipo kupitiriza monga chiyenera kukhalira: pa kutentha otsika, mu chipinda cha mdima popanda dzuwa. Kotero ngati inu muli osati aulesi yambiri, ndi m'chilimwe ndi autumn, adzapereka banja lonse chifukwa yozizira vitamini mphamvu zonse!