Wachifwamba udindo pa mwachinyengo. Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba mu kope latsopano

Gawo VIII wa chilango Code chaputala 21 formulates zochita mlandu katundu. Iwo anayamba kukhala mwachinyengo (Art. 159). Wa Code Wachifwamba amasonyeza mfundo udindo mlandu umenewu. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Chinyengo: Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba

Mu imene ayenera kuzindikiridwa kuba katundu wa ena, kapena kupeza ufulu izo kuwakhulupirira kapena chinyengo. Baibulo latsopanoli wa Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba amapereka chilango zotsatirazi:

1. A zabwino wa ku 120,000 rubles. kapena kuchuluka s / N kapena ndalama zina wolakwa pa nthawi ya chaka chimodzi.
2. Amafuna nthawi ya ntchito maola 180.
3. Mmangeni kwa miyezi 2-4.
4. Correctional ntchito chosatha miyezi 6-12.
5. Kumangidwa kwa nyengo kwa zaka 2.

zinthu kukulitsa

Upandu akhoza kukhala odzipereka dongosolo kuyambirira ndi gulu la anthu kapena mavuto kwambiri kwa wozunzidwayo. Pakuti chinyengo Art. 159 (2) ya Code Wachifwamba amapereka:

1. Chabwino wa ku 300 zikwi. Pakani. (Kapena kuchuluka kwa ndalama kapena s / N kwa nyengo ya zaka 2).
2. ntchito Correctional kwa zaka 1-2.
3. Kumangidwa kwa nyengo kwa zaka 5.
4. Mokakamizidwa ntchito kwa maola 180-240.

alonda upandu

Pakuti chinyengo Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba amapereka:

1. A chabwino cha 100-150 zikwi. Opaka. kapena kuchuluka kwa m'ma / N kapena ndalama zina wolakwa pa zaka 1-3.
2. Mapeto kwa zaka 2-6.

Zikatero, kuwonjezera m'ndende, mwina Komanso kuti chindapusa kuchuluka kwa 10 zikwi. Opaka. kapena kuchuluka s / N kapena ndalama zina kwa nyengo ya mwezi 1. zonsezi Amawapatsa, ndi kuba mwaunyinji.

Komanso

Gawo 4 Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba kuti achite ndi anachita ndi gulu kapena mlingo makamaka lalikulu, amakhazikitsa chilango cha kundende zaka 5-10. Pankhaniyi akhoza Komanso chabwino kunawerengedwa kwa mln 1. kuchuluka kwa ndalama kapena s / N lobadwa phunziro kwa nthawi ya zaka 3. Art. 159 (4) CC amapereka chilango chachikulu kwambiri. Choncho, tikambirana nkhani zina.

Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi ndemanga

Dispositive gawo zikuphatikizapo Mbali yaikulu, odziwa (gawo lachiwiri) ndipo makamaka oyenerera. Mawu akuti "chinyengo" ntchito kokha ku malongosoledwe a zochita chilango. Udindo limatipatsa wapadera malamulo ponseponse. Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba limachititsa kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya zochita oletsedwa: kuba katundu ndi kupeza ufulu izo. Komanso, mlingo wa mfundo ndi njira zina za amachita ziwawa. Njirazi ndi: kuwakhulupirira ndi ukathyali.

Kuba katundu

tanthauzo Izi ankaona kuti choyambirira Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba. Ndemanga, kuperekedwa mu Dec. 1 wa Watsimikiza anatengera ndi Plenum dzuwa mu 2002 (nambala 29), kuba zizindikiro za kuchita upandu ndi muyezo anakhazikitsa m'nkhani pansi kulingalira. Supreme Court amapereka tanthauzo mokwanira bwino vutolo. Kuba - lopanda mankhwala wosamangidwa kapena kulanda katundu za thupi ena, mokomera lobadwa kapena gulu lina lirilonse kuchititsa mwini (mwini) kuwonongeka. Chotero chiphunzitso ndi amapereka kumvetsetsa wamba mchitidwewo monga tanthauzo generic. Choncho kuphatikiza mitundu yonse ndi mawonekedwe a kuba, kuphatikizapo chinyengo.

chinyengo

Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba ntchito ganizo mu amakhala zochita. Zochokera chakuti ukathyali akhoza anazindikira yekha mu chimango cha ubale yeniyeni pakati pa nzika, monga simungathe kuzindikira ngati kanthu si bwanji psyche anthu. Mogwirizana ndi izi, malinga ndi nkhani. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba sangakhoze kupambana monga umbanda, ntchito ya kubedwa kapena wopeka makadi banki, m'malo akuponya ndalama ya zinthu zosiyana zitsulo, ndi zina zofanana. Pankhaniyi n'zotheka kuyamba malangizo a Code Wachifwamba, wasenza kwa maiko CIS, kulolerana mu kuba malamulo anachita ntchito zipangizo luso. Popeza ngati mphatso yochokera mu malamulo a misappropriation katundu ndi njira pamwamba mokulirapo ndipamene mbali ya kuba chinsinsi kapena kuba osati chinyengo. Monga machitidwe a chinyengo mawu onyenga phunziro, amene angazindikire ndi kuwamvetsa chifukwa cha zochita zawo.

chinyengo

Iwo amachita monga chinyengo kufufuza. Wozunzidwayo amene analandira onyenga, cholakwika anthu zochitika makamaka, zochita mfundo. chikhalidwe amakhudza kukhazikitsidwa ina ya chisankho pa kutaya katundu payekha mokomera wolakwayo kapena a anthu anawatchula. zochita osocheretsa ngati mkhalapakati pa ubwenzi causal pakati pa khalidwe wolakwa ndipo monga chotsatira cha imfa ya chuma mwini chuma kapena ufulu kwa iwo.

galimoto zolakwa

Kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pamene anamaliza zosayenela angamange dera zotsatirazi: chinyengo (amene wachita chigawenga) - akusocheretsa wozunzidwayo - zochita za wovulalayo pa maziko a nkhani zonama (kulanda katundu kapena ufulu thereto kapena mfundo nevosprepyatstvovanie achire) - zotsatira za ntchito nkhani mlandu wake phindu (kapena ena).

Popeza chimodzi mchitidwe dera si ndiwo upandu, ndi khalidwe la munthu akhoza kukhala pansi Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba.

Chofunikanso

zochita osocheretsa monga kupotoza kupitiriza choonadi chigawenga wofuna ndi ozindikira ntchito wovulalayo. Iwo ayenera kukhala chifukwa cha zochita wolakwa khalidwe. Komabe, kapena kuchita zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa mapangidwe kapena kukonza zolakwika, kapena osachita iwo. Zikatero, wopalamulayo si kuwononga kale kulengedwa kuchokera wovulalayo molakwika olakwika. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zovuta kugwirizana ndi malo amene kuonera sizingatheke ndi chete. Ngakhale sitili a zimakhudza mwachindunji pa psyche wa woberedwa, mwina kusokeretsedwa.

Indicia

Mkati tanthauzo la Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba, munthuyo ayenera kukhala nzika kusamutsa katundu wawo kapena kupereka akhadawisa anthu anawatchula ufulu. Mogwirizana ndi mbali akhoza kuwasiyanitsa, khalidwe la nkhaniyi, imene kulowererana. Woberedwa, kotero iye ayenera kukhala bwino kwa chuma ndi luso kusamalira mfundo nzeru zake yekha. Pankhani chinyengo, mawu ntchito tanthauzo lake yopapatiza. Pamene anawonjezera kutanthauzira amatipeza molakwika tanthauzo la nkhani ndi linaphwanya mfundo kumbali. Lingaliro malamulo a "kuonera" amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: mauthenga ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pakuti mapangidwe a ndintchito ya luso. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba ayenera kupezeka onse a akwaniritsa zimenezi.

kuwakhulupirira

Katangale motere chili kuchita zosakwana ntchito chinyengo. Kukhulupirira kuti anali kukhulupirira kukhulupirika, kuona mtima, ndi zolinga zabwino, kuona mtima munthu wina. Kuchita upandu, lobadwa amapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi. Monga ulamuliro, mawonekedwe chinyengo kumachitika pamene kukhulupilira ubwenzi umene unali pakati pa iye ndi wovutika. Nkhanza, monga mmene chinyengo, mwini (mwini) pa chuma wonyenga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye transmits kufunika kwa tizilomboto ndi poganiza kuti pali zifukwa zomveka kutero. kutengerapo zaufulu za chuma zikutanthauza osati kutengerapo chenichenicho cha zinthu m'manja zolakwika, koma ndiyotani olakwa mwayi wina kutaya iwo kapena kuwagwiritsa ntchito.

Kusamvetsa chilamulo

Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba mu Baibulo latsopanoli amasonyeza upandu mu funso ndi ofanana ndi malamulo mu mphamvu mu Code m'mbuyomu. Kusintha kakusintha yekha tanthauzo la "ntchito". Pa luso alipo lero. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba m'malo mwa mawu akuti "Kuba". Komabe, mphamvu kuumba mchitidwe panopa milandu, zikuchokera mchitidwewo tinganene kuti pafupifupi ofanana. Malinga ndi ena jurists malamulo, mwina, izo idzafutukuka chiwerengero cha dispositive gawo Art. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba. Pankhaniyi akanakupatsani utachepa upandu. Komabe, wopanga malamulo anasankha anagawa kuchita nokha chinyengo kudzikonda, kuchititsa katundu, kuwakhulupirira, chinyengo (zizindikiro za kuba), "lzhepredprinimatelstvo" kuzemba kupondeleza malipiro nkhani sonyezani ndi zina zofanana zinthu zophwanya malamulo. Wopanga malamulo, malinga ndi akatswiri, sankadziwa kuti atathana multiplicity milandu chuma chobisika zosiyanasiyana zikuchokera chimodzi chokha. Iwo amangoima chinyengo. Akatswiri ena malamulo ndikukhulupirira ndi oipa kuphwanyidwa, zanzi ntchito malamulo. Mu zikhalidwe ano, maganizo awo, ayenera kukodzedwa ndi gawo dispositive wa katunduyo. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba. Iwo muyenera kukhala nyimbo anapereka ndi nkhani 165th wa Code. Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kusinthidwa ndi dzina generic, akuitana nkhani yakuti "Kuchititsa katundu ndi nkhwangwa pogaya mwa nkhanza za chikhulupiriro kapena kulankhulana ya nkhani zonama." Chotero chiphunzitso akanakhala molondola kwambiri kusonyeza zili malamulo chinyengo cha.

Kuvuta kwa mapangidwe zikuchokera

zinachitikira m'mbiri ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha malamulo a boma atsimikiza kusintha mobwerezabwereza kwa zifanizo za mfundo malamulo a chinyengo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha mavuto yeniyeni ndi sayansi-ongolankhula. Zikamera wa njira zatsopano za chinyengo chinathandiza zikamera wa zingapo zokhudza yazamalamulo, kuphatikizapo m'kati chiyeneretso cha upandu pa gawo lapadera la katunduyo. 159 wa Code Wachifwamba. Kapangidwe zovuta za zikuchokera zosayenela kunaonekera tanthauzo malamulo a upandu. Muziwathandiza ntchito chinali kuthetsa ambiguity, kukhazikitsa terminology lomveka. Komanso, m'pofunika monga mwa malangizo pa nkhani zamalamulo. Zonsezi kuti kukusalani pakutchulidwa mavuto malamulo. The Malamulo ena m'mayiko pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinyengo, kupereka zosiyanasiyana i ayenerere. Pamlingo winawake awa kapena zinthu zina kumwedwa ndi malamulo zoweta malamulo.

ziwerengero

zochita Wrongful, cholinga chimene amachita monga chuma cha nzika zomvera malamulo amene tsopano ankaona ambiri zolakwa zonse chigawenga mayina la Russia. M'chaka cha 2007, mwachitsanzo, wakhala mlandu oposa theka miliyoni anthu (60% ya chiwerengero cha mlandu ndi zaka 19% kuposa zisanu zapitazo) wa Nkhani amatchulidwa mu Chapter 21. Mu gulu ili mmodzi wa machitidwe ambiri achinyengo . Mu zaka zisanu (2002 2007) chiwerengero cha mabungwe nawo udindo upandu chawonjezeka nthawi zoposa 3.6. Mu 2007 chiwerengero chawo anafikira anthu 43 sauzande. Komanso kuchuluka, ndi kulemera yeniyeni chinyengo mu dongosolo analakwira katundu. Mu 2002 zinali 2.5% ndipo mu 2007 - 7,8%.

Pomaliza

upandu Acquisitive, ndicho Zikuphatikizapo chinyengo, mu Russia ndi ku dziko Ndipotu powerengera lalikulu. Mphamvu zochita izi amasonyeza mumaganiza waukulu ndi mavuto lonse zinthu wachifwamba ambiri. Pamene kuba mwachinyengo dyera akutumikira monga cholinga lofunika. Ngati mu nthawi ya Soviet kulakwa ankaona n'chosoŵa, tsopano, ndi kusintha Russia ku msika nkhani zachuma, ndi osauka intensively. Yogwira chitukuko cha luso kumathandiza kuti zikamera a mitundu yatsopano ya chinyengo. Alipo lero mu dziko boma malamulo ayenera kupereka ulamuliro molimbira, analenga chitetezo zofunika kwa anthu ndi katundu wawo ku kulowererana. Unakwaniritsa cholinga kupanga yoyenera malamulo chimango, kumanga chilango. Mwina imachitika ayenera kuti kuphwanya malamulo okhazikika ayenela kukhala choletsa yaikulu, kuletsa zochita kuyan'anila za olanda.