Vasiliy Grossman: Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu

Kamodzi sayansi, iye anaganiza kusiya ntchito yake padziko lapansi ndi kupereka moyo wake kwa mabuku. Ndipo iye anayamba kulemba. Iye anayamba ndi Civil nkhondo, anapita ku Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Koma buku za chigonjetso chachikulu pa Volga kuwerenga kokha mayenje a mdima wa Lubyanka. Vasiliy Grossman - wolemba, mtolankhani, nkhondo mtolankhani. M'buku la moyo wake linasindikizidwa zaka khumi yokha pambuyo pa imfa yake.

The nkhondo pa moyo wa Grossman

Popeza nkhondo inkayamba, zokha za iye analemba Vasiliy Grossman. yonena lake chimayamba ndi ubwana wake m'tauni yaing'ono ya dera Vinnitsa, kumene mnyamata lophunzira banja wachiyuda kuti mayiko ayi anacemerwa Zuze, ndi Vasya. Dzina limeneli anakhala naye ndipo anakhala mbali ya pseudonym zolembalemba.

Kuyambira ndili mwana ankakonda kulemba. Kugwira ntchito mu Donbass, Ine analemba cholemba kuti nyuzipepala ya kumaloko. Zoyesayesa woyamba kulemba anali anthu odzipereka migodi Pamudzi. Mlembi tsogolo la epic buku "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" anali wa zaka makumi atatu pamene iye tinaganiza kulumikiza moyo wake kulemba. Patatha zaka zitatu Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndi Vasily Grossman, umboni mwambo kwambiri m'mbiri anthu. Kufikira m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake anakhala zochitika izi ndi kusonyeza iwo mu mabuku awo.

kudzipereka mayi

Moto misewu, ngalande fumbi ndi mwazi wa anavulazidwa - za Grossman anadziwa. A nkhondo mtolankhani , iye anali nkhondo kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto. Iye analemba essays, nkhani ya munda wa asilikali komanso si mantha kutsogolo. Ndipo penapake kutali, mu ghetto Ayuda, mayi ake anamwalira. Ngati khalidwe adalenga, Vasily Grossman analemba kalata mayi wake pamene anali salinso moyo.

Mu buku la zapiringizana Olinganiza zoikidwiratu za anthu osiyanasiyana. Aliyense wa iwo mu zomvetsa chisoni chawo. Ena anaphedwa ndi SS alonda dzanja, winayo - pa nkhondo. Koma pali ena. Imfa yawo ndi imfa imfa ya okondedwa awo. Shtrum mkazi pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake iye akuyenda, amapuma ndipo amalankhula, koma amadziwa kuti iye sanali pafupi. Ndipo iye akanakhoza kuchita kanthu, chifukwa iye ali ululu wake. Ululu imfa ya mayi amakhala cholinga chachikulu ntchito, koma kuti Vasiliy Grossman odzipereka mu bukhu lake.

Nyumba "sikisi wina kuwombera"

Nyumba msewu wa Penza inasandulika chilikati cha nkhani mu buku "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu". Chizindikiro cha ungwazi wa asilikali Russian analowa mbiri ya nyumbayi, ndi adani a amene anapha asilikali German kuposa pa ntchito ya Paris. The kunyumba lodziwika bwino kwa Pavlov akuganizira Grossman mu bukhu lake. Koma chidwi linaperekedwa osati ungwazi wolimba mtima komanso khalidwe lawo, koma mwamwayi, mophweka, anthu. Mwamwayi, kuti angayambe ngakhale zotsalira za Stalingrad, mu mphindi yomaliza ya moyo.

Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu pambuyo pa nkhondo

Ndi mutu wa asilikali zoyenera zilandiridwenso Vasily Grossman mu zaka unawonongedwa. Comments za ntchito zimenezi ndi otsutsa Soviet anali negative. m'Komiti aona mu mabuku a apamaliro odana ndi Soviet. Pamene mlembi wa buku "Moyo ndi Choikidwiratu" anali atafa, iye anali asanakhale sikisite. Mwina akanakhala ndi moyo wautali ngati ife tikanakhoza kufalitsa buku, amene anaika moyo wake wonse.

Mu ntchito yake yaikulu, Grossman sanali kupewa msasa mutu, kumene akaidi anali andale "zigawenga." kumangidwa osalungama ndi mafunso koopsa ndi KGB uchinyali ngakhale pamene mdani anali kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - m'buku pali kufanana wosaoneka pakati Stalin ndi Hitler.

Pambuyo pake zosaneneka Kutsutsa luso Grossman si kophweka. Mpukutu ankalandidwa. Izo zinali kokha mu 1980, njira ina kuposa kale lonse, iye anapita kunja komwe lofalitsidwa.

"Treblinka gehena"

zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pa nkhondo moyo Vasily Grossman. Zonse nthawi imeneyi anali kumatikumbutsabe wa anakhalapo ndi kuziwona mwa makumi anai a. Mu nkhani "The Treblinka Hell", wolemba amayesa kuyankha mafunso zimene Himmler analamula mu 1943 mofulumira kuwononga akaidi oposa mazana asanu "misasa imfa." Chotero nkhanza zosamvetsetseka sanali kulolera mfundo iliyonse. Ngakhale nzeru za Reichsfuehrer SS. Mlembi wa buku anapanga lingaliro kuti zimenezi zinali anachita za kupambana kwa Red Army pa Stalingrad. Zikuoneka pamwamba anayamba kuganizira zotsatira za chilango zimayamba pafupi. Kunali koyenera kuti awononge kuda upandu.

Vasiliy Grossman anafa Moscow mu 1965. Mu dziko la ntchito yaikulu ya moyo wake lofalitsidwa mu 1988. Ndi mochedwa. Koma bwino zisanachitike chithunzi Suslov. Soviet mfundo, anamva za chiwembu, anati: "Bukuli mukhoza kusindikizidwa ku zaka mazana awiri, osati kale."