Ulus - ndi ... District, Yakutia

Mu mabuku nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "ulus", koma ambiri a ife nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maganizo ambiri za mfundo imeneyi. Tiyeni tiyese kubvesa bwino.

Kutanthauza ulus zochuluka. Izi mgwirizano mafuko a anthu a ku Central Asia Middle, ndi utsogoleri-Kupititsa wagawo la kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Tsarist Russia, ndi kuthetsa ena mwa anthu a ku Central Asia ndi ku Siberia. Ulus - kuti ndi zambiri, gawo la ufumu wa Genghis Khan, ndi otchuka amene ali ku Central Asia Chagatai, mwana wa Genghis Khan (Chagatai ulus), komanso Zolotaya Orda. Koma Russia masiku ano kuli mudzi ndi mudzi wa Kalmykia ndi Buryatia, Yakutia. Tanthauzo ambiri mawu ulus - ndi anthu, m'badwo. Nthawi zina mutha kuona ntchito mawu akuti m'lingaliro kalasi, mwachitsanzo, "Ulus-kwaya" - ". Sneaky, anthu akuda"

History ulus

Anthu kupanga ulus, sanaike malire aliyense pakati pawo, kuzindikira steppe ndi anthu onse amakumana nawo. Buryats, amene anasamukira zaka 16 ndi 17, ku Mongolia ndi nyanja ya Baikal amenenso ili pa nthaka lalikulu mtundu-gulu ndipo mpaka pano eni pamodzi. Mongolian ndi Kalmyk uluses mpaka m'ma 19 mochedwa, lofotokozabe yomweyo zinthu zofunika monga mu masiku a Genghis Khan: aliyense wa iwo anapanga gulu wosamukasamuka, amene analamulira atsogoleri a mafuko - noyons. Iwo ankadalira Taishi. Zabwino ndi lalikulu ulus anali Taisha, kupatula olemera anapereka pa kutaya cholowa Noyon monga mkulu awo generic. utsogoleri wawo sunali, komabe makamaka kumutsogolera nthawi zakale analandira lamulo la zakakhalidwe. aneneri ake komanso atolankhani olemekezeka amuna achikulire - yabwino anthu ulus. Mbali mkati chipangizo limafanana ndi banja generic. Ulus - mgwirizano, amene anali m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mafuko - Haughton, aimags ndi kutupa. Aliyense wa iwo anali pa kayendetsedwe ka cholowa kholo lakale. Iye anayankha noyons kapena taisha dongosolo ndi kulemera, kusunga umphumphu wa magulu madzimadzi chikhalidwe monga ulus. Choncho, midzi awa mwangwiro bungwe podziteteza ndipo akhoza okha achite nkhondo.

3 zipilala zazikulu

Chikhalidwe generic chipangizo umaonekera maziko zitatu: 1) generic umodzi; 2) udindo; 3) zozungulira belo. Tribal umodzi zikutanthauza lamulo chikondi ndi mwagwirizana osauka chithandizo. anthu olemera kubwera pothandiza osauka ndi kugawana chakudya, ziweto ndi zonse muyenera. KUMANGA anali ufulu kufotokoza ntchito pakati pa anthu. udindo nonse anasonyeza chakuti Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mlandu anachititsa osati wopalamulayo, komanso Union onse Rodowicz, Iye anali. Kukachitika kuti n'zosatheka kuona bwino amalipira Fuko lonse kapena chigawo. Panadzakhalanso mayeretsedwe lumbiro, nthawi zina kwathunthu anamasulira amaganiziridwa wa gulu la anthu.

Zingapo ofanana oyandikana ulus anapanga mtundu, kapena magulu a mafuko. The ntchito mamembala awo akhoza mulinso kupereka mphatso kwa mkwatibwi pambuyo kuchoka kwa achibale a mkwatibwi ndalama osauka mkwati kulipira kachikwama. Esprit de A Corps anakhala nthawi yaitali Selenga Buryats mu mawonekedwe a kulipira katundu ndi kubedwa kapena ziweto. Ngati chimodzi kapena achibale kwambiri pafupi lumbiro zikalata mwachilungamo ndi kukhulupirika kwa munthu amaganiziridwa, atamasulidwa ku chilango.

kusintha posachedwapa

Komabe, pa atumwi wotsiriza chipangizo Buryats m'malo kwambiri zinasintha. The zifukwa ichi ndi kufala kwa Lamaism ndi ulimi olimapo, komanso osakaniza osiyanasiyana. miyeso boma kunathandiza kuti kuwononga gulu wakale mafuko mokhomerera. Ancient bwino watha ntchito, kutsatira malo ubale watsopano malamulo, limodzi ndi izi kugwa ndi maziko ambiri amene adapatsa mphamvu ulus ndi mgwirizano.

Yakutia

Ulus wa Yakutia zili kumpoto kum'mawa Siberia ndipo ndi malire ofanana ndi Magadan Region ndi Chukotka Autonomous District.

Pakali pano, malowa ali 32 ulus (kuphatikizapo 3 fuko). Tiyeni akukhala pa ena a iwo.

dera Namsky

Ulus izi, ili ku Central Yakutia, chimakwirira kudera la 11,9 zikwi Km Mtsinje waukulu - ndi Lena, ndi makhwawa ambiri. Amadziwika kuti malire amakono ulus unakhazikitsidwa February 10, 1930. Petr Beketov anamanga linga ndipo anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Yakutsk. Mu Namsky m'dera akhala wakhala ukugwira ng'ombe kukula. Anthu ambiri anakakhala mmunsi mwa chigwa, ndipo ena Kalanga ndi pafupi ndi mitsinje nayonso. ntchito yawo yaikulu m'nthawi ya 17 anali a ng'ombe. Agriculture unali mpaka 1804. Namsky dera kalelo anali ofanana ndi m'madera ena ambiri Yakutia. Ngati munthu wadwala, iwo kutembenukira kwa asing'anga ndi asing'anga. Mu masiku akale ulus izi zinakhala, pakalibe zipatala tsiku ndi sayansi.

dera Khangalassky

Ulus uyu ali alendo yaikulu ndi kuthekera kusangalala, makamaka wapadera zachilengedwe zimadalirana, nyama ndi zomera, osafikiridwa chikhalidwe. Zonsezi ndi chidwi kwambiri alendo. Khangalassky dera ili chapakati Yakutia, chimakwirira kudera la makilomita lalikulu 24,7 zikwi ndi ukufanizidwa ndi mayiko oposa 50 ndi mayiko. The likulu mzinda wa Pokrovsk.

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna yothandiza Article etymology. tikuphunzira chiyani dikishonale Vasmer kuti Ulus - ". nambala minda mwachindunji" a "woyendayendawu magalimoto" ndipo Mu mabuku ena amanena ndi "nkhalango boma akumeneko, anapereka ntchito ndi alimi."