Ufulu wosankha - ndi ... ufulu wosankha: Zitsanzo

M'madera ambiri, pali mfundo zambiri wamkulu wa munthu. Izi chithunzi muyezo ndi miyeso yolinganizira otsatira ambiri a chikhalidwe makamaka. Komabe, Dziwani kuti pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pa nkhani zimene akadali chimamusiyanitsa munthu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo padziko lapansili Earth. Kuyambira mfundo zamoyo view, kokha munthu ali ndi chikumbumtima chimene chimathandiza iye chosiyana tione m'dzikoli. Koma ngati chikumbumtima chimatichimwitsa kanjedza onse ofunika kwambiri pa masewera kuti apulumuke dziko? Oimira zipembedzo opembedza amakhulupirira kuti munthuyo kumachititsa munthu Mulungu. Ndipotu, anthu angapempherere ndi yomweyo kukhazikitsa dongosolo la Mulungu. Ngakhale chiphunzitso chifaniziro ndi zomveka, iwo alibe kwathunthu kuphimba zenizeni. Ndipotu, kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti munthu ndi kudziwa yokha, makamaka munthu chikhalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si chabe Co-kulibe ndi ziwalo zina za mtundu wawo, komanso kucheza nawo kwambiri. Motero, anthu onse ali ndi mwayi wosankha zimene akufuna kukhala, kusankha magulu akutiakuti chikhalidwe, kapena kulenga anu. mfundo zonse akusonyeza pamaso pa mbali monga ufulu wosankha, tikambirana kenako nkhaniyi.

yaufulu

Pali mawu osiyanasiyana omwe kwenikweni yodziwika ndi mliriwu, koma poyamba osiyana. Tidziwanso kuti ufulu wa chifuniro - ndi luso la munthu aliyense pamaziko a pamaso pa chikumbumtima chake, kusankha malinga imeneyo. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti liwu lili pamwambali amadziwika nthanthi gulu, yemwe sali winanso kuposa kusandutsa wa ufulu wakusankha.

Masomphenya awiri ufulu wosankha

Nzeru za anthu, muli njira ziwiri zazikulu kuganizira ufulu wosankha. The woyamba amatchedwa akamabadwa liberalism. Iye akusonyeza Kukhalapo kwa ufulu wa anthu chifuniro cha pamaziko a zinadziwika kusakhulupirira kuti Determinism ndi zoona. M'mawu ena, otsatira njira imeneyi amachirikiza mfundo yakuti munthu ndi ufulu kusankha paokha. Njira wachiwiri anena kuti Determinism sizolondola. Choncho, ufulu wosankha kulibe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti njira yachiwiri limeneli linachokera cholakwika, ngati mukumaika chidwi pa zizindikiro zina kuwonjezera maganizo mwangwiro aumunthu. Munthu zoona, samangika ndi okhwima chimango zachilengedwe, mosiyana ndi nyama. Chitsanzo losavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa dziko nyama, unyolo chakudya ndipo sanamwe m'malo anthu.

ndi ufulu wosankha chiyani?

Ufulu wosankha - izo zoona, chinthu chomwecho monga ufulu wosankha zochita, koma akuti zakale sanagwiritse ntchito nzeru ndi jurisprudence. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti kwa zaka zambiri, anthu Ankawaphwanyira n'zotheka naye kusankha okha chinachake. Only chigamulo anatengedwa mu pakati pa XX atumwi kuti ufulu wa anthu ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Choncho kuyambira nthawi ufulu wosankha - ndi si monga akuti, ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo za ufulu wa anthu ndi kumasulika. Tidziwanso kuti tanthauzo limeneli tiyenera kuziganizira mwa prism za iwo.

Ufulu wosankha m'chilamulo

Pafupifupi dziko lonse, pali malangizo pa mlingo wa malamulo amene enshrine mfundo ya ufulu wosankha ndipo analenga zinthu kukhazikitsa msanga. M'nkhani ino wolemba tikambirana ili mu kuwala kwa mfundo za miyambo dziko malamulo Akuluakulu a ku Russia. Popeza azimuth panopa demokalase ku Russia, ufulu wosankha - wapadera, free lamanja la munthu aliyense kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo, komanso chuma kuti nyamayi, monga ndalama. Pali zitsanzo yaikulu ya chiwonetsero cha mfundo za ufulu wa kusankha, ndicho:

- kumanja wantchito kwa payekha kusankha malo ndi mtundu wa ntchito;

- ufulu wa ogula ndalama za ndalama zake zilipo zosowa zawo;

Choncho, ufulu wosankha, zitsanzo za zimene anapereka pamwamba makamaka anapereka kwa entitlements kuti munthu akhoza kukwaniritsa.

riziki Constitutional

Kumbukirani kuti Chapter 2 wa RF Constitution amakhazikitsa zingapo zofunika ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa munthu ndi nzika. Mwa awa ali ndi ufulu wosankha. Koma pali wina m'malo chidwi Ndipotu. Mwachindunji kudziwa ufulu wa ufulu wakusankha kulibe malamulo. Ndilo lingaliro okwana kumene kumatsimikizira kuti n'zotheka munthu akhale ndi ufulu awo malamulo. Chitsanzo ndi chaputala 2 la Constituion, nthawi imene mafumuwa osiyana ntchito yake, akuti:

1. Ufulu wa umoyo (Nkhani 20).
2. The ufulu kukhala womasuka ndipo chitetezo cha munthu (Article 22).
3. The ufulu wa chinsinsi (Article 23).
4. Ufulu wa chipembedzo (Article 28), etc.

Monga ife kumvetsa izo, lamanja oyendetsera dziko ndi zofunika mu chirengedwe, kotero kuti akalembetse payokha mfundo ya ufulu wosankha si zomveka, chifukwa ndiwo maulamuliro onse kuti Russian Malamulo a dziko amapatsa nzika iliyonse ndi munthu.

Vuto la ufulu wosankha

Lero, jurists ambiri amaganiza za chiyani mfundo kwenikweni amabweretsa ufulu wosankha. Pa nthawiyi, pali maganizo ambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo ananena kuti ufulu wa kusankha - ndi mwayi mwachindunji kuti munthu achite zinthu chimango cha zimene zotchulidwa malamulo atsopano a Russia ndi malamulo. Komano, munthu ufulu wosankha osati mwa mfundo formatizirovannyh boma komanso kuganizira kwambiri pa mfundo zake za makhalidwe abwino. Choncho, mfundo ndi yakuti bwinobwino ngati malamulo n'kofunika m'kati kusankha mwachindunji, kaya ndi mwangwiro ulamuliro munthu? Ambiri mwina, anthu ali ndi mwayi wosankha okha, koma nkhani iliyonse ayenera kukhala mu ulamuliro wa malamulo amene alipo mu Russia.

Ufulu wosankha, udindo

No zofunika zochepa ndi funso kugwirizana pakati pa ufulu wosankha ndi udindo. chakuti malamulo a dziko la Russia monga amakhazikitsa mfundo anafotokoza m'nkhani yonse. Ndipotu, munthu akhoza kuchita chilichonse chimene akufuna. Koma ena maubale, makhalidwe ndi zinthu zina salola anthu kunyamula zonse malingaliro awo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akufuna kuchita chokhumudwitsa. Ndipotu iye akusankha wake. Koma kwa iye, ameneyo abala udindo anakhazikitsa lamulo. Ku maganizo a chilamulo, kupitirira chimango lamulo lililonse la kanthu ayenera kulangidwa ngati zoipa. Koma pamaso pa kulingalira munthu kwenikweni chifukwa chochita iwo kusankha. Choncho, ufulu wosankha - gulu wapawiri, omwe alipo mu munda onse malamulo ndi nzeru za anthu.

Chigamulo lokhudza ubale wa ufulu wakusankha ndi udindo, maloya ambiri amaona maziko abwino a anthu. Ndipotu, monga tanenera kale, munthu - makamaka munthu chikhalidwe. Choncho, m'kati mogwirizana ndi ena, ayenera kumvera malamulo zambiri unakhazikitsidwa, popanda kuona kuti aliyense wa ife afanana ndi nyama zakuthengo.

Kuphwanya ufulu wosankha

Nthawi zambiri boma, amene ayenera kukhala guarantor lenileni la ufulu ndi kumasulika, kuphwanya mfundo zonse dera lino. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula ankhanza yeniyeni ndale kuti kubwera kwa mphamvu mu dziko makamaka kulamulira bwino pa anthu. Monga mchitidwe limasonyeza zaka zambiri, awa ankhanza odana ndi demokalase nthawi kungapondereze ufulu wa anthu. Pa ufulu chomwecho kusankha m'mayiko amenewa anthu kwenikweni ayi. Chifukwa mawonetseredwe chilichonse chongoganiza adzalangidwa, monga anthu ndi moyo yekha mu chimango dala analenga. Ku maiko, monga ulamuliro, pali "akufa" Malamulo. Chifukwa boma lopondereza akumvetsa zimenezo bwino malamulo a dziko lino - enieni chikhalidwe. Pamene okhwima kusunga malamulo oyendetsera dziko sizingatheke mwanjira iliyonse kupondereza anthu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti modes ofanana kulamulira okwana wosatenga chilichonse chabwino ndi boma ndi anthu a m'gawo lake. Ngakhale mu magawo oyambirira a dziko lina bungwe chimango okhwima n'kofunika, chifukwa popanda sikutheka kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira ankafuna.

Polongosola mwachidule

Pomaliza, ziyenera kuti ufulu wosankha muli ife anthu onse. Choncho, musanyalanyaze mwayi uwu, koma m'malo mwake, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse ofunika.