Tusker: nkhalango wokhalamo

Tusker, Boar, nguluwe - maina onse mtundu womwewo, ambiri padziko lapansi. Dera malo ake ndi yaikulu, limafotokoza lonse European Africa, anakafika kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, ndi Asia - kuchigawo Far East ndi Trans-Baikal.

Zidzachitika kulikonse, pansi kuti mabacteria zotentha za dziko lonselo, komanso Sumatra, Java, New Guinea ndi zilumba zina. Si kale ndi Boar kuli anthu ambiri m'gawo North Africa, koma chifukwa cha kupha woipitsitsawu iye maganizo kufuzika. Lero anthu ake zimachokera m'madera ena a Argentina, Central ndi North America. Za moyo wa chinyama, makhalidwe ake ndiponso amakonda nkhaniyi idzafotokoza.

Features mtundu

Tusker, ndi chithunzi chimene timasonyeza - suborder omwe sanali ruminant nyama ya banja la nkhumba, ndi kholo la nkhumba zoweta. Today pali zoposa 25 subspecies la nguluwe, koma iwo onse amakhala fano lililonse la nyama: yaikulu elongated mphero patsogolo mutu ndi lonse, ananena makutu, ikhale pamphuno, mathero ikhale pamphuno ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Malinga subtype thupi lonse kutalika zimasiyanasiyana 1.3 kuti 1.8 m, kutalika - a 0.5-1 m, ndi kulemera - kuchokera makilogalamu 60 170. Nthawi zina olembedwa milandu zosayembekezereka wa anthu amphamvu masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 250-275.

Ndithudi, izi ndi tusker yaikulu - nyama yokhala mphamvu zosaneneka ndi maganizo zozizwitsa. alenje yake zambiri anawonjezapo kukula kwa zikho zawo. Komabe, November chaka chatha pa TV panali zambiri za maonekedwe m'dera Urals cha chimphona ndi - ndi Boar akulemera theka la tani ndi 2 mita kutalika pa zinafota lapansi. Ngati izi zingakhale zowona, ndiye kuti ano ndi tusker lalikulu.

ubweya

Boar thupi yokutidwa ndi wakuda ndi ouma bristles ndinapirira, lomwe ndi isanayambike nyengo yachisanu amakhala yaitali. Komanso, Chimakula underfur ofunda, Boar kutentha mu nyengo yozizira. Pamodzi lokwera pa malaya kumbuyo aikidwa mu chisa, ndilo imperceptible mu mkhalidwe chete, ndipo akuima pa mapeto pamene ngozi limapezeka. mtundu nyama ndi osiyana - imvi, wakuda kapena earthy bulauni. Piglets kawirikawiri caricature-wovulidwa mitundu, koma kuti adzawapulumutsa ku underbrush zokongola.

njira ya moyo

Tusker kusintha moyo zosiyanasiyana malo - mu zikusowa kuwoloka wa ku Siberia nayonso, ndi mu nkhalango zotentha mvula. Umapezeka mu zipululu, ndi m'madera a mapiri. European mumamera ndi thundu nkhalango, alternating ndi meadows ndi m'madambo, kukonda kwambiri nyama. Sizilowana mbali ndi Caucasus, ndi zipatso ndi mtedza mitengo. Tusker zimachokera pamodzi zigwa za mitsinje phiri, zophimbidwa ndi zitsamba. Ku Far East, angasankhe nkhalango paini ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Foraging, Boar zakutchire amayendayenda zonse ndi malo. M'chaka tsiku lina angachite kuti makilomita 8, nthawi ya kusintha m'nyengo yozizira zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chisanu ndi osalimba ake.

Mwachitsanzo, matalala akuya 30-40 masentimita ndi wofunika kwa chirombo, chifukwa miyendo lalifupi, ndi mapazi caked kutumphuka kupweteka nyama. Nthawi zambiri mu zaka ovuta, pamene pali pang'ono chakudya zachilengedwe, nkhumba kukathira nkhondo m'madera ulimi.

Nguluwe mosamala iwo tikupumula pa thengo, chigonere m'chilimwe pa zinyalala ndi pansi miyala kapena mthunzi wa mitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, bungwe kusasitsa nthambi, masingano paini, Moss kapena nsanza mu malo otetezedwa m'mitengo. Kuyambira pano iwo kupita kukafuna chakudya ndi kudya zonse mudzapeza. Koma si kuwaletsa omnivorous amakonda chakudya.

The chakudya pa nkhumba kuthengo

Amachita kwa nkhumba ndi tubers ndi rhizomes wa zomera, iwo ncho, kufufuza ikhale pamphuno nthaka. Onani kuti ikhale pamphuno ya Boar zakutchire - chida wapadera kuti apereke tanthauzo kwambiri kununkhiza ndi njira yokhayo yopezera chakudya, chifukwa kuposa ¾ wa makope onse pogwiritsa ntchito izo. Per tsiku lalikulu tusker akhoza kudya za 6 makilogalamu chakudya. M'chilimwe ndi yophukira Boar zakudya kusiyanitsa zipatso, mtedza, mbeu zosiyanasiyana, komanso m'nyengo yozizira mu njala, iye amakhutira ndi makungwa a mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Sanyoza nkhumba yaing'ono zokwawa, abuluzi, nyongolotsi, makoswe ndi ngakhale zovunda. M'madera osiyana nkhumba kudya mosiyana ndi kudya chakudya chilipo. Kukula deta gawo labwino chimadaliranso kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi digiri yake kupezeka.

kubalana

Kuyambira November mpaka January pa Boar akuyamba mating nyengo kapena kachitidwe: amuna kuyang'ana kwa akazi ndipo nthawi zambiri kukonza ndewu, pochita zinthu ndi mzake kuwonongeka chogwirika kwambiri. Pakutha kuswana nyengo, iwo kuonda 20%. Young woodcocks wamkazi akhwime kugonana zaka 1.5-2 wa zaka, amuna - kuti 4,5-5 wazaka.

The wamkazi umabala mbadwa pang'ono miyezi yoposa 4, avareji masiku 130, zinyalala akubwera mu kasupe. akazi Young alikunyamulira zinyalala wa piglets 5-6 zaka - pa 8-12. Pamaso farrowing iwo angakonze chisa omasuka, insulated kumbali zonse ndi m'mapiko pamwamba pa udzu wouma, nthambi ang'ono ndi nthambi. Anabadwa piglets mu sabata loyamba musatisiye chisa ndi mayi-nkhumba kuwasamalira ndi kudyetsa mawola 3-4, ndipo ngakhale nthawi unachotsa kukafunafuna chakudya usiku ku ana. Kumapeto kwa masiku 7-10, nkhumba kuchokera chisa, ndiponso kutsagana mayi ake kulikonse, ngati pali lokhoza ngozi kubisala mu udzu kapena windbreaks.

Ndi masabata awiri zakubadwa, iwo anayamba kuphunzira kukumba. kudyetsa nthawi kumatenga miyezi 3.5.

Ntchito kumeneku mu watsopano nkhalango

mphamvu zodabwitsa zonse kukumba nkhumba zakutchire ndi wofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya nkhalango watsopano. Tithe kumvetsa kumasulira m'madera ambiri nthaka, tusker amathandiza kuti asindikize mbewu zosiyanasiyana zomera. Mu ndondomeko ya yokumba ndi chilombo nkhumba kudyedwa ndi tizirombo ambiri nkhalango, tizilombo ndi mphutsi, kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo ndi kupondereza yogwira.