Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana: adiresi ya chopereka owonetsera zakale

Ancient Russian mzinda Tula wotchuka osati kwa gunsmiths ake, ndipo amadziwika kuti dziko lonse la gingerbread, komanso yaitali luso mwambo, anachokera akale chosintha, pamene mu XIX atumwi Wabwino Tirhana Museum unakhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a zojambula ndi Polenov ndi Surikov, Shishkin, Serov, ndi m'tauni amadziwika osati zokoperazo, ndi kukhala gawo la moyo wawo wauzimu.

kukonda dziko lako zimayesetsa

Mu 1884, ndiyo nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Alexander III - Slavophile kuima ndi mokhudza wotsatira njira yoyambirira ya chitukuko Russia - kwambiri njira ya utsogoleli diocesan mu mzinda wa Tula National Museum, dzina lake Drevlekhranilishche anakhazikitsidwa. Kenako mu 1902, ndi Asilavo zakubadwa ndipo chachikale chinkawavuta dzina m'malo mwa ano, kukhala kuzitcha izo ndi Nyumba ya Zosayiwalika.

Koma chofunikira ake akanali yemweyo mu nkhani iyi. Monga kale, zosemasema amene anali kugwirizana ndi mbiriyakale Russian, makamaka m'mbuyomu Tula dera, tenga, kukhala mbali ya zopereka Zinthu ndi ankaphunzira ngati akatswiri m'dera ndi atsopano cha ichi mu Moscow. Ambiri anasonkhana nthawi imeneyi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi zopereka kwa okhometsa mseri amene ankafuna Choncho kulimbikitsa onse kukonda dziko lako ntchito.

Ku nyuzipepala ya nthawi amadziwika kuti Lamlungu ndi tchuti aliyense linatsegulidwa kumafika masewero olimbitsa thupi, kumene chionetserocho anali ndi za kutchuka zapadera zomwe iye ankasangalala. Posachedwa chipinda, limene lili Fund idaleka kugwira atachuluka ndi yosonkhanitsa nthawi, ndipo mu 1908 boma la mudzi womangidwa kwa iye mu Tula Kremlin nyumba wapadera.

Expropriation, kubwezeretsanso Museum

The zinthu zinasintha pambuyo October kuukira boma, pamene mndandanda wa zinthu zakale za House anali nationalized ndipo iye anali lidzasinthidwa ndi Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana. Monga mukudziwa, nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pamene mphamvu, Bolsheviks anagwira zikuluzikulu expropriation luso (ndi ena onse) makhalidwe, poyamba anali wa oimira zigawo wotetezedwa kwa anthu. Pa ntchito imeneyi, ntchito zambiri luso ku zigawo wolemera dziko anagwirizana m'nyumbayi.

Monga Bolsheviks sanali kusiyanitsa ntchito aluso zoweta ndi achilendo, ndi kutilanda zonse kuti eni yapita sanathe kubisala kapena kutenga kunja posachedwapa Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana, kumene kunali zojambula, anataya, yopapatiza lathu kale dziko. M'zipinda zake panali zojambula ngati lofunika ojambula zithunzi Western monga Luca Giordano, Domenico Fetti, Frans Snyders ndi ena ambiri.

Kutembenuka kwa zaka woyamba Soviet

Mu 1918, kuyendetsa ntchito zonse zimene afika m'nyumbayi minda ndi wakunja kwatawuni, ndi Board mzinda wa Education adzaika lamulolo m'gulu akufika ku Moscow ojambula zithunzi ndi otsutsa luso. Chifukwa cha ntchito imene analemba Catalogs wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi mafotokozedwe awo. Kuti mumve zambiri Commission onse zojambulajambula anatenga chaka, kenako maholo owonetsera zakale anatseguka kugulu.

Mu 1927 ndi Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana anadzatchedwa kuphunzira m'derali, mbali yaikulu ya kukhudzana ake analenga pamene anali dipatimenti yamderali. More kwa chaka pamaso nyumbayi analandira mndandanda wa zojambula ku chionetsero holo ya Art m'dera ndi Makampani. Ntchito yake inkakhala makamaka a Tula ojambula zithunzi, koma panali zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho inasamutsidwa kuchoka ndalama za Tretyakov Gallery.

Komanso Museum moyo

Chifukwa cha izi ndi zina revenues kuchuluka kwambiri chiwerengero cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, ndipo mu 1939 anaganiza kukhazikitsa ziwiri zosiyana palokha zakale - maphunziro mchigawo ndi luso. Choncho Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana linadzazanso wodziimira pakati chionetsero.

M'tsogolo, m'nyumbayi wakhala nthawi zambiri zovuta mbiri yake, ambiri mwa nkhondo ndi achoke kugwirizana kwa Siberia. Zovuta, ndipo anabwerera m'mbuyo mu adatayika ndipo kokha n'kuyamba kumanganso Tula. Omwe malo mu m'nyumbayi nthawi kuti sanali ndipo anaika alonda mu Nyumba ya mumzindawo, kumene iye anali amathera pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Novoselye kukhudzana ndi kukula wotsatira

Only mu 1964, nyumbayi inamangidwa pa adiresi pakuti: msewu Chichewa, 64. Kuyambira pamenepo, zosonkhanitsira wake wa kwakukulukulu kudzadza likuvutika kugula analandira kuchokera zopereka pawekha Moscow, Leningrad ndi Tula yokha. Wokwanira kuti amaphatikizapo zojambula Polenov, Shishkin, Repin, Borovikovsky ndi amisiri ena amene mayina awo odziwika padziko lonse. Chifukwa Completions wotsatira atchule maina awa kukodzedwa kwambiri.

Pakati aluso amene ntchito zake kunyada kwa nyumbayi, malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi IK Aayvazovsky. Zojambulazo izi zojambulajambula kwambiri m'madzi zonse kukopa tcheru, ndipo mu holo, kumene anasonyeza, nthawi zonse kudzaza.

Yonseyi ndi Tula Museum

Mu 1995, dziko lonse chionetsero zovuta adalowa kucheza kumene analenga Tula Museum of Wabwino Tirhana. Tula - mzinda wakale wa miyambo luso, ndipo sanayambe chitachepa chidwi ndi zaluso, kotero kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakale ndi tambirimbiri luso ndi zachilendo. Vuto lakulimbana ndi kupeza njira kulinganiza bwino ntchito yawo.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke anaganiza asanu a iwo, kuphatikizapo amene ali pamtunda pa msewu Chichewa, 64 (amene amapita nkhani yathu) - kugwirizanitsa pamodzi. Chifukwa, okwana chionetsero dera zovuta anali zikwi khumi mamita lalikulu, lomwe analola m'gawo lake, kuwonjezera zisudzo okhazikika, kuwonetsera ntchito bwino, kubwera kuno ku kusonkhanitsa zakale ambiri mu dziko ndi zopereka payekha.

Regional Museum tanthauzo feduro

Mu 2013, m'nyumbayi analandira dzina latsopano. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anali kudziŵika kuti Tula Regional Art Museum. Si kukokomeza kunena kuti molondola m'gulu malo waukulu chionetsero Russia. Lero, deta yake imakhala ndalama zoposa makumi awiri ndi zitatu zikwi, kuphatikizapo zojambula, chosema, luso kukongoletsa ndi zamanja.

Exhibition Catalogs cha nyumbayi ali chokongoletsedwa ndi mayina a ambuye ambiri zoweta burashi ndi monga Levitan, Korovin Tropinin ndi Aivazovsky. Zojambulazo aluso amenewa ndi alendo kawirikawiri zisudzo bungwe ndi kutsogolera zakale za dziko. wapatali ankaimira gulu kupenta West Ulaya, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha geniuses anazindikira ya Italy, France, Netherlands ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri.

zophunzitsira, ntchito ya nyumbayi

ntchito za nyumbayi sikuti okha gulu la zisudzo. antchito ake ndi a sayansi kwambiri ndi chofunika kwambiri ntchito yophunzitsa. Pamaziko a kanema m'zipinda za chuma owonetsera zakale linatulutsidwa mapulogalamu angapo thematic pa njira "Culture" ndi ena ambiri, kupereka airtime kulimbikitsa maphunziro zokongoletsa wa ku Russia.

Komanso, pa maalumali masitolo buku la dziko munakwanisa kuona zosiyanasiyana mabuku, munali zokoperazo wa zojambula ndi zithunzi kuti zasungidwa mu nyumbayi, komanso odzipereka kwa nkhani awo ndi kuwatsogolera Russian luso.