The State Museum wa History of Cosmonautics (Kaluga): maonekedwe, ndi maola ogwilira ntchito, mtengo wa ulendo. Space Museum (Kaluga): Ndemanga

Kaluzhane kukhulupirira kuti kudziko lawo wapereka kutsogolera kukula kwa mphamvu nyukiliya ndi kufufuza malo. M'nyumbayi, amene ayenera kunyadira Kaluga, inali ndendende mu mzinda uno. Kumanga pansi pa mzikiti kuti lili zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera, kuwauza za mbiri ya astronautics, anayamba kumanga mu 1936. Anamaliza gawo loyamba la tsogolo la zovuta wakhala nyumba-Museum ke Tsiolkovsky.

Kenako nkhondo inayambika. Kwa kanthawi ndinaiwala za Kaluga zovuta. Pomanga malo owonera zakale anapitirizabe 1945. Posachedwapa, pa phompho m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa ku paki Yachenki nyumba zamakono wakula spectacularly, kumene zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho nthawi osiyanasiyana mosamala anasonkhana.

Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi

Mu 1957, iye anaika mu kanjira ndi Kanema yokumba a Dziko Lapansi. Iye anatsegula tsamba latsopano mu mbiri ya anthu. Patangotha zaka ziwiri yaikulu asayansi Soviet lofalitsidwa kalata. Iwo ananena kuti m'pofunika kuti amange lovuta limene ndege ndege kuti kulumikiza. Mu 1960, anaganiza kuti alenge malo astronautics. Museum wa Kaluga amene anayamba kumanga yomweyo, unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo kuwunika oposa 230 ntchito za mapulani. Olemba ntchito, yemwe anatengera, analandira State Prize la RSFSR. Mu 1961, Yuriya Alekseevicha Gagarina anaitanidwa kuyala mwala woyamba. Iye anatola trowel, n'kutunga m'thumba ndalama, anasonyeza kuti chimakhudzana wazunguliridwa ndi asilikali ake. Ndi kumwetulira pa nkhope yake, iye anaika khobiri mwambo wakale wa njerwa choyamba. Ndiyeno mwamsanga anayamba kuyala njerwa mmodzi pa nthawi. Kunapezeka kuti iye ndi katswiri ndi trowel a. Pomaliza, ndi wokayenda pamwezi anaimirira, anapereka chida omanga Ndipo anakweza manja ake, kulandira ophunzira. Kaluzhane nsangala anamuyankha namondwe wa chimwemwe. Choncho, cosmonaut oyamba padziko lonse lapansi, namanga maziko anyumbayo chomwe pambuyo anamanga Museum mbiri ya astronautics. Kaluga mu 1967 pa mwambo wapadera anatsegula zitseko zake alendo woyamba. Pa kutsegula kwa wokayenda pamwezi anafika AG Nikolaev, amene analankhula pa masewera a.

Tsopano pali pomanga nyumba chachiwiri cha nyumbayi. Malo ndi maulendo 4 woposa wa yomanga pachiyambi. The nyumba yatsopano, wopangidwa mwa mbewu atatu kupereka kuwala, monga zomangidwa ndi galasi ndi konkire. Zidzaonekera ntchito zikepe ndi escalators. Ndi denga ake ndipo limbikitsa anatsegula view kodabwitsa kwa Yachenskoe posungira. Imafotokoza kuti anthu olumala kudzakhala amatha kukwera kwa denga ndi zimene ananena sitimayo. Aliyense adzakhala ndi mwayi wokaona ndi mafilimu a kanema ano, kutenga nawo mbali pa "danga kuyenda" limene adzamva Timatha ndege yozungulira. Ndi ntchito "dziko Cafe." Komanso, ambiri zodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo zotsatira wapadera antchito owonetsera zakale wokonzedwera kwa alendo.

Pa phompho otsetsereka Yachenki

Paki, amene akhoza kusangalatsa waukulu wasayansi Tsiolkovsky, ndi obelisk. Museum (Kaluga) - hereinafter, woyamba mbiri astronautics mfundo ili pa malo. Iwo ali njira yosavuta laconic. kumanga nyumba - ndi elongated rectangle. Long kotenga makoma - wogontha, chimatha - mandala, Khoma. Iwo ophatikizidwa kum'mwera mbali planetarium zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa.

Ilo liri ndi mawonekedwe a ellipsoid ofukula ndi limatuluka pamwamba pa denga la nyumbayi. chigawo Izi zimamupatsa nyumba aura ena a mphamvu ndi limaimira yojambula anthu mu mlengalenga. Nearby ndi wapadera panja oonetsera zinthu zamakedzana kwambiri amayesetsa mu mlengalenga - roketi "Vostok", womwenso pa pedestal wapadera. Izi - osati buku, ndi roketi understudy.

Kodi kumanga Nyumba za Ufumu wa nyumbayi?

Zovuta idzafotokoza angapo. Mmenemo ndi chipinda yoyambirira, yonena chipinda cha (sayansi) ke Tsiolkovsky ndi kukhazikitsa maganizo ake. Palinso planetarium. Bwino kuuza nkhani maholo m'gulu danga umodzi. Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zikuchokera mwaluso malawi. Mtundu chiwembu zimathandiza kuti maziko abwino kwa iwo ndi Kuwulura kwathunthu lingaliro lalikulu chionetserocho. Panagona ankagwiritsa ntchito: kupenta mural, zithunzi, zithunzi, zosemasema, kujambula. Onse chipilala chojambulidwa kusonyeza chitukuko cha astronautics. Museum wa Kaluga amene amasamala osatopa zonse kusinthidwa ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho latsopano.

Mu holo loyamba

Mlendo akuyamba anayendera zovuta ndi kutsegula kwa nyumbayi. Ali understudy wa woyamba yokumba lapansi Kanema. Chinthu mu kanjira masiku twente-sikisi. understudy wake unasamutsidwa kwa nyumbayi. Anapachikidwa mkulu m'chipinda chotetezeka cha holo ndi kuyandama m'malere. Kulemera kwa Kanema wa - 83,6 makilogalamu, awiri - 80 cm, kasinthasintha nthawi padziko lonse lapansi - Mphindi 96,17. Palinso mtundu wa "Mwambi" ku chionetsero lonse - ndi chionetsero wapadera. zithunzi "Anthu Soviet - ofufuza za chilengedwe cha." Chirengedwe cha chadzaoneni. Iwo ali ndi malo a linga 180 sq. m. ndiponso nkhani za anthu ntchito, apainiya m'mlengalenga. Iye limodzi ndi mawu ke Tsiolkovsky.

Chipinda lotsatira - Wambiri ke Tsiolkovsky m'mabuku ake

Mu lalikulu galasi mlandu pa khoma limasonyeza chitukuko cha luso chida. Iwo anasonyeza loto la ndege, kuyambira Kale, Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi mazana za mtsogolo. Sanaiwale mayina a Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus, Newton, Lomonosov. Mazenera munthu amalembedwa ntchito za ke Tsiolkovsky pa aeronautics. Komanso, izo zikusonyeza chitsanzo cha airship, amene analenga wasayansi. More ntchito zake zilipo pa aerodynamics, ndi ndege.

Apa ndi mawonekedwe a ndege AF Mozhaiskogo zokhudza 1881. More mu 1878 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky adafotokoza ndi kuthaŵa mu mlengalenga, yeniyeni, wa mauthenga interplanetary. Pamenepo zopeka wathunthu. Ndiye iye akubwera kuganiza kuti njira yokha kayendedwe - ndi roketi. Pofotokoza munthu spacewalk, Tsiolkovsky akulongosola za pa spacesuit wokayenda pamwezi. ntchito yake, iye anali limodzi osati anapezazo, komanso zithunzi. Komanso anasonyeza mabuku zonena za iye kunja.

The chidwi kwambiri chipinda - mwamuna ndi chilengedwe

Imafotokoza injini ndege. Pakati pa holo ndi kamangidwe za "Vostok" ndi chithunzi gawo "Tulukani cosmonaut Leonov danga lotseguka." Nthawi yomweyo - "Mir" yozungulira siteshoni. Ndi lotseguka kwa anthu. Komanso pali mabuku a yokumba Earth Kanema chachikulu:

• "Kosmos-166" phunziro kwa dzuwa.
• "Kosmos-108" kwa kusanthula m'mlengalenga.
• "Purotoni", amene adaphunzira particles mkulu-mphamvu.
• "Molniya-1", umene transmits TV.

Makope lunik chachikulu:

• AMC "Luna-9", "Luna 16" lomwe chosonyeza ankafufuza selenium.
• Collection nthaka mwezi.

Maphunziro a Mars ndi Venus ntchito siteshoni "Mars-3" ndi "Venus-9". Iwo anaika mu Museum wa History of Cosmonautics. Kaluga Kodi mulibe malo okwanira kuti akomere malo onse akuluakulu.

The centerpiece

Koposa zonse, amakopa chidwi cha alendo choyambirira ankafika spacecraft galimoto "Soyuz 34" ejection mpando "East" ndi wokayenda pamwezi chidude. Ndipo komabe masuti - kupulumutsidwa kwa ntchito extravehicular. Ndipo Space chakudya, kudziletsa injini makina "Lunokhod-2" chimene kutumikiridwa ndi maiko. Kukonzekera za kukhazikitsidwa kwa chonyamulira roketi ndi spacecraft amapereka lingaliro la chitsanzo ntchito ya cosmodrome "Baikonur".

Monga chidina kwambiri Space Museum (Kaluga) amasunga logbook wa cosmonaut choyamba. Ndi yaing'ono. Linapangidwa kuti zolemba munthu mu kanjira kuti amaoneka bwino padziko lapansi malo, mmene thambo chikuoneka, ngati waona kaja zokwanira ndi zina mavuto ena.

nyenyezi kuthambo

zitseko kawiri ali mwamphamvu chatsekedwa planetarium alendo. Tsopano matsenga zimachitika. Kuwala uchoka pang'onopang'ono. Mu mdima maphunziro a nyumbayo. Zimakhala makina yosaoneka yomwe anaimirira pakati pa bwalo lozungulira. Inayake anakumbutsa chiwala, monga yaikulu, ndi maondo okhota. Komanso lecturer anati, alendo kugwa chete. Iye anditsogolera nkhani ya zakuthambo wotchuka, amene ankakhala mu masiku akale ku Italy. dzina lake - Giovanni Schiaparelli. Iye anatsegula kuti "njira" Mars. Schiaparelli anali atakhala kwa maola mu mdima maso anga kumva kuwala waung'ono kwambiri. Pokhapokha zidule ngati angaonedwe mwa eyepiece kwa makina a.

Choncho, pamaso pa omvetsera limapezeka velvety kuya kwa nyenyezi. Iwo ooneka ndipo amachititsa. Magulu mikanda. Palibe mtambo umodzi. Kuya kwa thambo kukwapula ungwiro ndi osawerengeka. Izo zikumveka wapadera music, ndi kubalalika wa nyenyezi zambiri chimakwirira mzikiti yaikulu pa mitu yawo. Facilities ngati umachuluka kukula ndi kudzazidwa ndi mausiku ozizira. Ndipotu planetarium mzikiti si choncho lalikulu, koma ngati zenizeni, ndi momwe chidwi zikuwoneka. omvetsera simungathandize koma chimwemwe. Ndi njira kulenga alendo danga ntchito owonetsera zakale (Kaluga). Planetarium ulendo pafupifupi aliyense amene amabwera zovuta izi. Pamene zokambirana zibwere yotsiriza, kutanthauza kuti usiku agonjera ku m'bandakucha. Nyenyezi kusungunula ndi adzafota. Dawn amadzuka izo ndimakwiya owala ndi wina wachiwiri. Moto zimbale kuwala limapezeka kummawa. Zimalimbikitsa mumzinda wamakono wa Kaluga.

Ndiye lecturers odziwa planetarium alendo anaziphunzitsa ndi mbiri ya chifaniziro cha malo, anthu kuyambira kale, kapangidwe ka ubongo wathu dzuwa, nyengo pa maplaneti ena. Iwo amalankhula za njira kunachitika Dzuwa ndi mu kuya kwa nyenyezi zina lakutali. Only ndiye inu mukhoza anagunda mphamvu ndi ukulu wa chilengedwe chonse. Planetarium ndi zamakono umabala lalikulu zokongoletsa ndi chidziwitso zinachitikira. Pakuti mwapadera malo tanthauzo la ndodo owonetsera zakale aika mu izo chidutswa cha kugwa kwa miyala yochokera, omwe angakhoze kugwiridwa.

Kodi wina ndi mbali ya nyumbayi?

Zovuta zikuphatikizapo kowonera zakale nyumba LA Chizhevskogo ndi nyumba ziwiri ke Tsiolkovsky. Wina ali Borovsk, wina - mu Kaluga. Munthu Kaluga, ili pafupi nthawi yomweyo cha nyumbayi. Ndipo apo inu mukhoza kuwona Interiors, imene kuposa zaka zana zapitazo, anakhala Tsiolkovsky. Iye anakhala mu Kaluga, zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi, anagula nyumba 1904, pafupi ndi mtsinje. nyumbayi inali limodzi-storey. Koma patapita zaka zinayi m'chaka panali chigumula chachikulu - madzi anasefukira nyumba. Banja anasamukira ku oyandikana nawo, ndi Tsiolkovsky anali mu chipinda chapamwamba ndi mabuku ake mipukutu ndi zida. Chofunika, iye anabweretsa pa bwato. Kamodzi madzi wapita, chilimwe yamangidwa pamwamba pa mezzanine ndi bwalo, ndi, kuwonjezera, ndi nkhokwe. Mezzanine anakhala nduna a. Iwo kusungidwa mu izo pachiyambi zinthu wasayansi. khonde A inasanduka situdiyo. Kudzera Tsiolkovsky anapita padenga, kumene kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi kuwayang'ana mbalame zimauluka, kuyang'ana pa nyenyezi usiku.

Kaluga Space Museum: opareshoni

M'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka tsiku kupatula Lolemba, ku teni koloko m'mawa mpaka sikisi madzulo. Loweruka - ndi aŵiri. Pa Lachitatu, chiyambi kutsegula kuchedwa kwa ola. Koma ntchito yaitali usiku - maola 21. Anapereka kuyeretsa tsiku. Iwo imachitika pa Lachisanu lomaliza la mwezi. amasangalala alendo kuchereza alendo Kaluga. Space Museum, Planetarium ntchito mogwirizana ndi ndandanda ya zovuta lonse. Pakuti mayiko alendo zigawo zonse zovuta ndi lotsegula nthawi yomweyo.

mitengo tikiti

State Museum wa Cosmonautics (Kaluga) mtengo wa misonkhano amapereka zolimbitsa. Aliyense amene anali usinkhu wa zaka sikisitini, anapita zovuta kwaulere. Ophunzira ndi za penshoni, ndi tikiti mtengo - zana rubles. Kwa anthu amene akugwira ntchito - zana ndi makumi asanu. Photos zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi ndalama zambiri rubles mazana awiri.

Reviews wosuta

Amene ankabwera Space Museum (Kaluga), kusiya ndemanga kwambiri adamthamangira kulemba nonse mwaziwona, ndi kusonyeza izo pa zithunzi. Amalangiza kukaona abwenzi onse ndi alendo. Chidwi ntchito ndi planetarium, monga screenings onse pa mlingo wokweretsa luso. Mark ndi mitu nkhani kwambiri limene adaperekeza maulendo mu planetarium lapansi. Ifeyo tiyenera kulimbikitsa inu kukaona malo owonera zakale pa mwayi oyambirira. Ngati kokha chifukwa chachiwiri ngati dziko lathu mulibe.