The Shia lachitatu Imam Hussein: yonena

Mmodzi wa mafunde ziwiri zikuluzikulu za Islam masiku ano Shi'ism. Imam Hussein anali m'modzi mwa anthu amenewo, amene kugwirizana ndi zikamera wa malangizo achipembedzo. moyo wake ndi chidwi kwambiri monga munthu wamba mu msewu, ndipo anthu amene ali achibale ntchito kafukufuku. Tiyeni tipeze chimene izi zinachititsa kuti dziko lathu Husayn Ibn Ali.

mbadwo

dzina lonse la tsogolo la Imam - Husayn Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Iye anabwera ku nthambi ya fuko Hashemite Arab wa Quraish linakhazikitsidwa ndi agogo ake Hashim Ibn Abd Manaf. Nthambi omwewo a tate wa Chisilamu mneneri Muhammad, chimene imagwera pa agogo yomweyo Hussein a (akuchikazi) ndi amalume (makolo). Mudzi waukulu wa fuko la Quraish anali Mecca.

Makolo wachitatu Shia Imam anali Ali Ibn Abu Talib, amene anali msuweni wa Mtumiki Muhammad, ndi mwana wa Fatima lomaliza. ana awo amatchedwa Alida ndi Fatimids. Kuwonjezera Hussein, iwo anali mwana wamkulu wa - Hassan.

Choncho, Husayn Ibn Ali m'gulu wolemekezeka kwambiri, malinga ndi mfundo Muslim, jenda, kukhala m'banja la Mneneri Muhammad.

Kubadwa ndi achinyamata

Hussein anabadwa m'chaka chachinayi cha Hegira (632) pa banja kukhala wa Muhammad ndi gulu lake mu Medina pambuyo anathaŵa ku Mecca. Malinga ndi nthano, Mneneri nampatsa dzina, analosera za m'tsogolo kwambiri, ndi imfa pa manja a anthu a mtundu wa Umayyads. Zaka zoyambirira za mwana wamng'ono wa Ali Ibn Abi Talib, pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika, kuyambira pa nthawi imene iye anali mu mthunzi wa bambo ake ndi mchimwene.

Mbiri m'bwalomo lotsatira Imam Hussein kokha pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale wake Hassan ndi Caliph Muawiya.

Zikamera wa Shiism

Tsopano tiyeni tione mmene munali Shiite nthambi ya Islam, chifukwa nkhaniyi kumagwirizana ndi moyo ndi ntchito ya Hussein Ibn Ali.

Atamwalira mneneri wa Asilamu anayamba kusankhidwa pa msonkhano wa akulu. Anavala mutu wa Caliph ndipo wopatsidwa ndi akuluakulu onse achipembedzo ndi akunja. Caliph woyamba anali mmodzi wa kudzathandiza kwambiri a Mohammed Abu Bakrn. Kenako Shia ananena kuti analanda mphamvu, anyalanyaza Woyesana yovomerezeka - Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

Patapita nthawi pang'ono ulamuliro wa Abu Bakrn anali awiri a mtsogoleri, amene kale amatchedwa olungama pamene 661 wolamulira wa dziko la chisilamu, potsiriza anasankhidwa Ali Ibn Abi Talib, msuweni ndi mkamwini wa Mtumiki Muhammad, bambo tsogolo la Imam Hussein.

Koma mphamvu ya Caliph latsopano anakana kuzindikira mkulu wa Syria, Mu'awiya la banja la Umayyads, amene anali wachibale wa Ali. Iwo anayamba Nkhondo mzake, amene Komabe, sanaulule wopambana. Koma pa chiyambi cha chaka 661 Halif Ali anaphedwa ndi achiwembu. mwana wake wamkulu Hassan anasankhidwa monga mfumu yatsopano. Pozindikira kuti sangathe kulimbana ndi Mu'awiya kukumana nazo, kukaperekedwa kwa maulamuliro, ndi chikhalidwe chimene atamwalira bwanamkubwa wakale wa Suriya, iye adzabwerera kwa Hasan kapena ana ake.

Komabe, kale mu chaka 669 Hassan anafa Medina komwe pambuyo kupha wa atate wake anagwidwa m'bale wake Hussein. Amaganiza kuti imfa chifukwa cha poyizoni. Shiites kuona amachirikiza poyizoni Muawiya, amene sanafune mphamvu ndinazembera kutali ndi banja lake.

Panthawiyi, anthu ambiri anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi mfundo Mu'awiya, m'magulumagulu kuzungulira mwana wachiwiri Ali - Hussein, amene ankamuona ngati kazembe lino la Mulungu padziko lapansi. Anthu awa anayamba kudzitchula Shia, omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Arabic monga "otsatira". Ndiko kuti, pa Shi'ism poyamba anali ndi azimuth ndale mu Caliphate, koma pa zaka zimene kunadetsa anatenga mtundu achipembedzo.

Achipembedzo kusiyana pakati pa mbali Sunni Caliph, ndipo Shiites ayamba unakula.

ANAKULIRA atasemphana

Monga tanena kuti imfa ya mtsogoleri Muawiya, zomwe zinachitika m'chaka cha 680 AD, Hussein sanali ndi udindo wokangalika moyo ndale za Caliphate. Koma zitachitika izi, moyenerera ananena limanena ulamuliro, monga poyamba anavomera pakati Mu'awiya ndi Hasan. Izi kusintha kwa zinthu, ndithudi, sanasangalale ndi mwana wake Yazid Muawiya, yemwe anali atabatizidwa kale mutu Caliph.

Othandiza Saddam, Shi'ites, adafotokozera Imam. Iwo ankanena kuti mtsogoleri wawo - wachitatu Shia Imam, woyamba awiri kupatula Ali Ibn Abi Talib ndi Hasan.

Choncho, mphamvu ya maganizo pakati pamagulu awiri anakula, kuopseza choti nkhondo.

Chiyambi cha kugalukira ndi

Ndipo kupanduka kunabuka. Kupanduka inayamba mu mzinda wa Kufa, yomwe inali pafupi Baghdad. Opandukawo ankakhulupirira kuti awatsogolere woyenera yekha wa Imam Hussein. Iwo anamupempha kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa kugalukira lapansi. Hussein anavomera maudindo a mtsogoleri.

Pofuna kufufuza zinthu, Imam Hussein anatumiza kwa Kufa pafupifupi ake, ndi dzina la Muslim Ibn Aqeel, ndipo analankhula ndi khamu ku Medina iye. Atangofika, woimira kugalukira analumbira m'malo mwa 18,000 okhala Hussein, monga akunenera mbuye wake.

Koma Caliphate makonzedwe komanso sanali kukhala pomwepo. Kupondereza kupanduka mu Kufa, Yazid anasankha bwanamkubwa. Iye anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso kuyeza kwambiri, kuti pafupifupi mbali zonse Saddam anathawa mu mzindawo. Pamaso Muslim anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa, anatha kutumiza kalata Imam nkhani za kusintha kwa zinthu zoipa.

Nkhondo ya Karbala

Ngakhale izi, Hussein anaganiza kuti apitirize ntchitoyi. Iye, pamodzi ndi anthu ake anapita ku malo pa kunja kwa tauni Baghdad wotchedwa Karbala. Imam Hussein, pamodzi ndi gulu kukumana asilikali yambiri ya Caliph Yazid, molamulidwa ndi Umar Ibn Sad.

Inde, Imam wa kagulu kochepa ka anthu ake sakanakhoza kukana gulu lonse. Kotero iye anapita ku kukambirana, kupereka lamulo la asilikali a adani mlekeni apite ndi detachment. Umar Ibn Sad anali wokonzeka kumvetsera anthu a Saddam, koma atsogoleri ena - Shire ndi Ibn Ziyad - kukhulupirira Iye kuti ayike zinthu zimenezi zimene Imam sakanakhoza kugwirizana kwambiri.

Mdzukulu wa Mtumiki anaganiza nkhondo wosiyana. Pa gulu laling'ono la zigawenga akukupiza mbendera ofiira a Imam Hussein. nkhondo sakhalitsa, monga mphamvu anali wosiyana, koma oopsa. Makamu Caliph ndi Yazid ankakondwerera Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga kugonjetsa opandukawo.

imfa ya Imam

Pafupifupi onse kumbali ya Saddam, kuchuluka kwa anthu makumi asanu ndi awiri anaphedwa pa nkhondo kapena anagwidwa ndi pambuyo chilango chopweteka. Ena anali pansi m'ndende. Mwa anthu amene anaphedwa anali Imam yekha.

mutu wake yodulidwa anatumizidwa yomweyo kazembeyo kuti Kufa ndi ndiye kuti Damasiko, likulu la za Caliphate, Yazid kukhala kwathunthu ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kugonjetsa chizindikiro cha Ali mbadwa.

zotsatira

Komabe, imfa ya Imam Hussein, mmene m'tsogolo ndondomeko za kugwa kwa Caliphate, kuposa ngati iye anali adakali moyo. Kuphedwa kwa mdzukulu Mtumiki ndi amwano mnyozo mtembo wake anachititsa yoweyula wosakhutira padziko lonse Chisilamu. Shiites potsiriza anadzipatula ku mbali ya Caliph - ndi Sunnis.

Mu 684, kupanduka pansi pa mbendera ya kubwezera kuphedwa Husayn Ibn Ali kunayambika mzinda woyera wa Asilamu - Mecca. Iwo ankapita ndi Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. zaka eyiti anatha kusunga mphamvu mumzinda wakwawo wa Mtumiki. Pomaliza, mtsogoleri anali wokhoza kuti ayambenso ulamuliro wa Mecca. Koma chimenechi kupanduka loyamba zachiwawa Imfa kuti anagwedeza Caliphate ndi unachitikira mu chiphiphiritso cha kubwezera kupha Hussein.

Kupha Imam chachitatu chinali chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu chiphunzitso Shia ndi zambiri ogwirizana polimbana Shiite Caliphate. Kumene, mphamvu ya pokhapokhapo chinatenga m'zaka zoposa chimodzi. Koma pakupha wolowa kwa Mneneri Muhammad, Caliphate anachitira yekha bala amapha zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwake m'tsogolo. Kenako, pa malire a kamodzi wamphamvu ufumu anapanga wogwirizana Shiite boma Idrisid, Fatimid, Buyid, Alids ndi ena.

Kukumbukira Hussein

Zochitika zokhudza kupha Sitefano Hussein Shiite mpatuko apeza kufunika. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa iwo chimodzi cha zochitika waukulu Shiite achipembedzo - Shakhs-Wachs. Awa ndi masiku a kusala kudya, imene Shi'ites kulira anapha Imam Hussein. The an'kanthunthumira ambiri a iwo chifukwa mabala mwachilungamo lalikulu, ngati kufanizira mavuto a Imam lachitatu.

Komanso, Shiites anapanga wopita ku Karbala - malo a imfa ndi manda a Hussein Ibn Ali.

Monga momwe taonera, makhalidwe, moyo ndi imfa ya Imam Hussein, bodza pa mtima yaikulu kwambiri Muslim lachipembedzo, monga Shia, ndi mu dziko ano otsatira ambiri.