The kupenta "The Mlendo" Ivana Kramskogo

Imodzi mwa ntchito opambana kwambiri a sukulu Russian wa kupenta mu theka lachiwiri la XIX atumwi, ndi chithunzi cha "mlendo". Kramskoy analemba mu 1883, kwa nthawi yoyamba kupenta unaperekedwa kwa anthu mu chaka chomwecho pa Wanderers chionetsero mu St. Petersburg. Choyambirira dzina - "Unknown." Kamodzi adaziona omvera pomwepo anaonekera mbiri zambiri. amene dona Ivan Kramskoy otchulidwa pachithunzipa? Yankho lenileni la funso limeneli sanathe analandira mpaka lero. Kuphunzira zolemba ndi makalata munthu wa mmisiri nayenso analephera kulongosola zinthu: Kramskoy paliponse otchulidwa pankhani ya mkazi amene anakhala mbali yaikulu ya ntchito zake wotchuka.

Kufunafuna zinachitika kwa mtsikana wosadziwika

Pali ziphunzitso zambiri za amene fano limapereka chithunzi "The Mlendo." Kunja Kufotokozera Kursk wokongola wamba Matrona Savvishna, anakhala mkazi wa fuko lomveka Bestuzhev, kwambiri yosayenera kwa khalidwe la chinsalu cha. Akatswiri a Archaeology ankakhulupirira kuti chitsanzo, naonekera iye analemba chitsanzo anali mwana wake Sofia. Otsutsa ena anali ndi maganizo kuti zinachitika kwa mtsikana nsalu ndi Anna Karenina, ena analembedwa kufanana iye Nastasya Filipovna - ndi heroine wa buku Dostoevsky a "The chitsiru". Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX ndi chithunzi cha dona wamng'ono wakhala anagwirizana ndi wofatsa ndiponso zodabwitsa Blok ndi "mlendo."

Kutamandidwa yovuta

m'nthawi ambiri Archaeology ankakhulupirira kuti kupenta "The Mlendo" linalembedwa ndi cholinga kuvumbula nsalu makhalidwe a anthu kuti sanathe kutumikira monga chitsanzo kutsatira. Art wotsutsa Stasov otchedwa kukongola pa lona "cocotte mu chikuku." Malinga N. Murashko, chinsalu anawonetseredwa "wokondedwa Camellia", ndiye mkazi wa ukoma mosavuta. Pofotokoza "Mlendo", wotsutsa P. Kovalevsky kuti "munthu wa zimaswana a m'mizinda ikuluikulu."

Kufotokozera madona

chithunzi cha "mlendo" ndi chiyani? Kramskoy chojambulidwa pa izo mkazi wamng'ono wokongola wakwera mu ophimba mumatsegula Anichkov Bridge. Lady, kuyang'ana regally ndi maziko achisanu Petersburg, kuvala mtengo ndi yapamwamba. tsatanetsatane wa kaso zovala mlendo wojambula akaundula ndi changu chisamaliro. Wapamwamba odula ndi buluu maliboni bafuta, nakonza ndi ubweya sable, chipewa ndi nthenga ndi magolovesi kuchokera pa chikopa abwino, chibangili chagolide - zonsezi akuupereka kwa amai.

Taonani wokongola, anapangidwa ndi nsidze wandiweyani, odzikweza, pali glides kunyoza ena. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo mu maso ake, mukhoza kuwerenga kumachitika chibadidwe anthu onse popanda dziko limene iwo akukhala. Ngakhale kunyalanyaza, mtsikana ali okongola kwambiri, wachisomo, amaitana akutama kuyang'anitsitsa. Dona osadziwika bwino sizinali za anthu mkulu. Unsembe wa kavalidwe mu zamakono, komanso milomo penti ndi nsidze kwambiri nasurmlennye zikusonyeza kuti ambiri mwina anali mkazi anali a mbuye mfulu.

Kupezeka Czech

Pafupifupi zaka 60 pambuyo zolemba "mlendo" mu chimodzi mwa zigawo patokha Czech izo mwangozi anapeza sewero chithunzi ichi. Pa dona wamng'ono anavala zovala mdima kutsekedwa, tsitsi lake anasonkhana ndi hairstyle mkulu. Mkazi otchulidwa sewero, ndi mochititsa ofanana ndi "Mlendo", koma maso ake ngakhale yoonekera kunyoza ena. Kramskoy utoto kukongola zosaneneka ndi wodzithemba, kupereka mawu mtundu wake wa caricature. Malinga etude limasonyeza kuti mbuye kale anali kudziŵa kuti kulenga chithunzi kuwulula, akuseka zoipa za anthu.

Mphekesera zithunzi temberero

Osati mbali yaikulu mwachinsinsi amakopa anthu okonda zojambulajambula penti "The Mlendo". chithunzicho walenga ntchito moona lachinsinsi, chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri kuti kwachititsa kuti eni vuto ndi kulephera.

Kulemba chinsalu Kramskoy Tretyakov anapereka kugula kwa zomera wake, koma iye anakana, kukhala otsimikiza kuti zithunzi zokongola za akazi amatha kupeza mphamvu kuchokera munthu wamoyo. "The Mlendo" anapeza malo ogona zopereka payekha, woyamba mu Russia, ndiye kunja, koma onse a eni ake umabweretsa matsoka. Temberero anapachika yekha ndi Kramskoy: miyezi ingapo pambuyo chithunzi linasindikizidwa, iye mmodzimmodzi zapita ana 2.

Titayenda ulendo wautali mu 1925, chachinsinsi "mlendo" wabwerera Russia ndipo komabe anatenga malo ake pa Tretyakov Gallery, kumene lero. Kuyambira pamenepo iye watha kubweretsa mavuto ena. Fans wa Archaeology otsimikiza ngati ukonde poyamba analowa zosonkhanitsira Tretyakov, pamene kumbuyo kwa iye sibwezi atafika dzina loipa, chifukwa ndi kumene izo zimayenera kukhala kuyambira pachiyambi.