Thandizo la pansi Atlantic Ocean. Mbali yaikulu ya mpumulo wa pansi Atlantic Ocean

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane thandizo la pansi Atlantic Ocean. Mutu umenewu ndi magwero ambiri limaoneka chabe. Choncho zogwirizana ambiri ndi funso lakuti: "Kodi ndingapeze ponena za Atlantic Ocean" Nthawi zina pamafunika kuphunzira mozama nkhani imeneyi. M'nkhani ino ife tayesera mmene ndingathere kuulula za nkhaniyo.

Popeza kufotokoza zimachititsa chilumbachi pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic, tiona kuti Mid-Atlantic Ridge - orographic waukulu amafotokozera. Malinga m'dera iye ali pang'ono zosakwana seafloor (24.6% ndi 37,6% motero). Onse lokwera nyanja kuti ukugawa pawiri. Iwo ali pafupifupi wofanana kukula. General zambiri pa Atlantic Ocean, komanso kudziwa ambiri a madera adzalola kuti kumvetsa bwino zimene uli pangozi m'nkhani ino. Kuti bwino kuimira malo nyanja limene tili chidwi, ife akusonyeza kuti dziŵani ndi khadi.

Kumadzulo kwa lokwera apakatikati

Newfoundland lokwera ili kumadzulo kwa lokwera m'ma nyanja. Plateau wa Rio Grande, kulera Ceará, Ridge Barracuda ndi yachonde Bermuda, komanso zolosera za Mid-Atlantic Ridge ndi chokhala mmphepete pansi madzi, gawani theka la kumadzulo kwa pansi pa madzi kwa Argentina, Brazil, Guiana (a Guyana), North America, Malawi beseni . Chinorowe-Greenland beseni ndi Baffin Nyanja zambiri ngati mbali imodzi ya nyanja ndi osiyana - kozizira.

Labrador ndi Newfoundland beseni

Tipitirize nkhani kuti ndi mpumulo wa pansi Atlantic Ocean. Mwachidule, longosolani mabeseni awiri - Malawi (kuya pazipita otsiriza - mamita 5160). Iwo, kunena zowona, zimapanga gulu limodzi. Ambiri a iwo ali lathyathyathya abyssal kumveka. Mu meridian boma malangizo izo mitanda ya abyssal chigwa Hazen. Newfoundland beseni ateteze lokwera kum'mwera kwa dzina chomwecho. Iye, monga momwe phunziro zosiyanasiyana zivomerezi lamayimbidwe ndi kudzikundikira mawonekedwe akuluakulu amene amagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka mafunde pa nyanja nyanja zakuthupi.

North America mabeseni, Guiana ndi Ceará

North America beseni - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mabeseni waukulu kuti awonetse thandizo la pansi Atlantic Ocean. Kufotokoza mwa chidule zace adzapitiriza nkhani yathu. Kuya wamkulu wa beseni ndi mamita 7110. yachonde Bermuda ili pafupi pakati pa dera la kumpoto. Komanso anatsindika chiphala massif Pakona (mwinamwake wotchedwa okhota zochotsa) ndi Phiri Kelvin. Wavy abyssal kumveka chochokera Bermuda m'dera kum'mwera. Pa periphery ya beseni ndi lathyathyathya abyssal zigwa Nares, Hatteras ndi mlamba. North America beseni m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Blake-Bahama Ridge, komanso kunja Holandesas kutsinde. Last chimafikira pamodzi Puerto Rico ngalande. Amalekanitsa, ndi blocky lokwera Barracuda, ili yotsatira zake, Guiana beseni ku North America. Inflow terrigene nyanja zinthu amapereka pafupifupi konsekonse chitukuko cha zigwa lathyathyathya abyssal otchedwa kumveka Demerara mkati Guiana dzenje. Guiana beseni ali akuya pazipita mamita 5109 mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo, amene amakhala makamaka akakhala. Small-kakulidwe zochotsa Ceará kobvuta ndi mapiri m'madzi, izo ndi wosiyana ku chigwa cha Ceará. Kuya lalikulu mamita 4700 komaliza. Pansi pa beseni ndi wotanganidwa ndi lathyathyathya m'chigwa cha dzina chomwecho. Tikumbukenso wina 2 abyssal zigwa. Izi Wild, amene ang'ambe thupilo kuya ukufika mamita 250 (zikugwirizana Guiana ndi North America mabeseni) ndi Pernambuco (zikugwirizana ndi Brazil ndi Guiana beseni).

beseni Brazil

Beseni yaikulu kwambiri ku dera la kumadzulo kwa nyanja - Brazil. Apa, kukhazikitsa pansi Atlantic Ocean makamaka akakhala. M'chigwa cha Pernambuco, malo aang'ono a beseni, ndi wavy. Sitima zapamadzi mapiri ndi kuchuluka mu beseni Brazil. Ena nyamuka pamwamba pa nyanja, kupanga chilumba chiphala (Martin inu, Trinidad, Fernando de A Noronha). Latitudinal mabacteria vuto malo umamumvera seamounts.

Beseni Brazil ndi wosiyana malo okwera kum'mwera kwa Rio Grande ku Argentine. kobvuta kwambiri mtunda m'mapiriŵa. seamounts munthu pamwamba pa kali yachonde ngati.

kum'mawa ali mawonekedwe a lokwera, ndi yopapatiza, kuphwa-aposa. Iwo umachokera ku mbali meridian. Pakati pa malire chokhala la America South ndi yachonde akuthamanga Wim - abyssal chigwa mwa madzi umayenda kuchokera pansi pa Argentina mu beseni Brazil. A mbali yaikulu ya pansi pa Argentine amatenga undulating kumveka. Mosabisa, yopapatiza abyssal kumveka ili kunja kwa mzinda kumadzulo kwa beseni ndi ili kum'mwera yaikulu kwambiri accumulative U-mawonekedwe - Malowa anali Sapiola. mapangidwe ake amagwirizana ndi kubweretsa nefeloidov ndi matope pansi pa Antarctic. Mu beseni Argentine wa seamounts lalikulu palibe Komabe, zivomerezi lamayimbidwe Mbiri popereka mauthenga mapiri angapo, kutalika wachibale ukufika 2-2.5 Km, litakwiliridwa pansi wosanjikiza wa chitayiko.

Yuzhnoantilsky akunja kutsinde - Ovodova kulimbikitsa, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa beseni ndi Argentine. African linakwanitsa beseni lagona kum'mwera, pakati Antarctica ndi zitunda m'ma nyanja. Notional malire pakati pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi Atlantic kunyamulidwa ndi ° 20. d. Poganizira malire izi, kokha dera la kumadzulo kwa beseni ndi lathyathyathya abyssal kumveka otchedwa Weddell lili Atlantic Ocean. Relief abyssal mapiri ankaikira chakumpoto kwa beseni ndi.

Apo ndi pa kuya kwa nyanja ya Atlantic mu kum'mawa kwa izo?

Thandizo la pansi pa madzi ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi sakanikira, mbali zambiri. Atlantic Ocean yotero. bedi lake la kum'mawa amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa lateral kapena Azores-Biscay lokwera lomenyera Gorringe, kulera ndi Cape Verde Islands ndi Canary Islands Plateau Sierra Leone, Guinea ndi Whale lokwera Nyamulani. Iwo akugawana lonse kum'mawa mbali ya nyanja ya ku Western European (pazipita kuya - mamita 5023), Canary (mamita 6549), Spain ameneŵa (mamita 5815), Sierra Leone (mamita 6040), Cape Verde (mamita 7282), Angola (mamita 6050), Guinea (5215 meters) ndi Cape (mamita 5457) beseni. Pakati Rockall M'madzimu kukwezedwa ndi Iceland-Faroe Western European pakhomo ndi dzenje.

West beseni European

Pansi pa beseni ndi - makamaka akakhala abyssal mbalambanda, okha ndi Bay a Biscay, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa izo anatambasula lathyathyathya m'chigwa cha Bizkaia. North pansi kum'mwera anatumbula lalikulu abyssal Dolinoy Mori, amene kutalika ndi za 3500 Km. Ndi morphologically ofanana kuchigwa Hazen. kuchigwa limodzi ndi pa lalikulu migodi accumulative, kufika kutalika mamita 50. Awiri akuluakulu kudzikundikira mitundu kuima mu dera la kumpoto beseni ndi. Izi 'nyanja zitunda "Feni ndi Gardar. mapangidwe awo amagwirizana ndi mphamvu kulowa Iceland-Faroe pakhomo nyanja zakuthupi. Spain ameneŵa dzenje, wamfupi, ndi ntchito lathyathyathya chapakati gawo la m'chigwa abyssal. Ndi Biscay kumveka izo zikugwirizana gorge Tet.

Kum'mwera kwa beseni ku Spain

Thandizo la pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic kum'mwera kwa beseni ku Spain ndi mtanda kwambiri. Iwo zimakhudza pamaso kuno ya lokwera Gorindzh, kuletsa-mapiri sitima zapamadzi phiri la dzina chomwecho, kulera Madeira ndi gulu la seamounts ena. Mbali yaikulu ya mpumulo wa seafloor Atlantic m'dera mulinso pamaso pa sitima zapamadzi mapiri ambiri. Mu dongosolo la pamwamba pansi pa Zelenomysskoy dzenje ndi yaikulu Canaria (pazipita akuya mamita 6549) akhoza kugawidwa m'zigawo zitatu submeridional: kum'mawa, zikuluzikulu kutumphuka mwa amene anaphimba kwathunthu sloped kumveka phazi Africa; pafupifupi abyssal zigwa, kuphwa ndi yopapatiza; anagubuduza kumadzulo. Zochitika za mphepete chokhala la Africa komanso ndi chiphala kulimbikitsa wa Islands Canary (4 yogwira mapiri - mmodzi wa iwo) ndi ya Cape Verde Islands ndi phiri lomwe lingaphulike. Zonsezi ndi zambiri zinadzala ndi kuya kwa nyanja ya Atlantic.

imathamanga kwambiri (7-7,3 km / s) mafunde zivomerezi yosiyana kukweza Sierra Leone. Ichi ndi chifukwa oyamba mu kutumphuka ultrabasic miyala komanso metamorphism amphamvu a miyala a kotekisi zosiyanasiyana. Pansi pa mabeseni izi monga Guinea ndi Sierra Leone, wotanganidwa zigwa mosabisa, amene amacheza ndi mapiri abyssal. Kuya chachikulu cha matendawa, awa ankalemekeza 5212 ndi 6040 meters.

Cameroonian zone vuto

Lonse okwera Guinean Ayala kumpoto-kum'mawa kwa yachonde chiphalaphala, lalikulu ndi ili mu kum'mawa kwa Mid-Atlantic Ridge, pafupi Saint Helena. Cameroonian vuto zone ndiyo khalidwe zikuluzikulu za m'mwamba izi. Iwo amagwirizana ndi nyumba chiphala seamount Shirshov ndi zilumba Palanga, Príncipe, Sao Tome ndi Macias Nguema ,, Biyogo. Rift Valley kwambiri kuyambira mu Africa. Cameroon, phiri lomwe yogwira, ndipo angapo chapakati Sahrawi, Pakati pali zochita imakhudzana ndi izo.

Angola beseni

Pansi lomwe lili kum'mwera-kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Guinea, kuukitsa beseni Angola anatseka kwakukulukulu okonda sitima phazi la Chile, kuphatikizapo lalikulu Congo zinyalala phirilo ndi m'madzi chigwa. Gulu seamount ili mu ngodya kum'mwera kwa beseni ndi Angola. mapiri amenewa ndi maziko wamba. The kwambiri a iwo - a Vyurst (kutalika kwake wachibale ndi za 4 km).

Walvis lokwera

Walvis Ridge - phiri blocky dongosolo. Amakhala midadada atatu aakulu, omwe analekana ndi saddles. Whale lokwera Yodziwika flattened apical pamwamba ndi otsetsereka. Pachilichonse apical pamwamba chikugwirizana waukulu (ndipo mwina chachikulu) mzati digiri ndi kudzikundikira limescale.

Cape beseni

Ili kum'mwera kwa Walvis Cape Ridge beseni amakhala ndi chakuti apa kupangika makamaka mpumulo abyssal mapiri. Komanso, kuya kwa nyanja ya Atlantic angabweretse pano kwambiri a mapiri chiphala. Iwo ankaganiza makamaka kum'mwera kwa beseni ndi. Information mapiri gulu umatilekanitsa beseni Cape Agulhas beseni. Agulhas zimaoneka makamaka ngati mbali ya bedi ya Indian Ocean. Ndi morphologically ofanana beseni ndi Cape.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa mtundu wa mtunda pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic ali pa mphindi. Iye pang'onopang'ono kusintha, ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo m'maiko onse yobwerera pa liwiro la okha 1-2 cm pa chaka. njira zina zimene zimachititsa, ndipo chitani pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, mbali yaikulu ya mpumulo wa pansi Atlantic Ocean kukhala sichinasinthe.

Kodi n'chiyani chimene mbali ya mpumulo wa Atlantic Ocean?

N'chifukwa chiyani pansi pa mpumulo ndi chimene icho chiri? Dziwani izi. Features kuti ndi thandizo la pansi pa madzi, asayansi tsopano kufotokoza zifukwa zenizeni. Makamaka, Ocean Atlantic amakhulupirira kuti kupangidwa chifukwa cha kugaŵikana anatsegula pakati pa lokwera Malo Mid-Atlantic. mbali zonse za dongosolo, zimachititsa chilumbachi a pansi pa madzi chifukwa chakuti waukulu 4 mbale (Antarctic, African, Eurasian ndi American) ndi matanthauzo anagwidwa.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira Atlantic Ocean anayamba kalelo. Nthawiyi, kuya kwake si bwino. N'zotheka kuti mbiri ya Atlantic Ocean adzapitiriza kuphunzira kutulukira zinthu zatsopano ndi zosangalatsa.