TAVKR "asilikali Kuznetsov": kapangidwe ndi chiyembekezo

TAVKR "asilikali a zombo za Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - yekha yogwira kreyserny ndege katundu chonyamulira mu zikuchokera masiku Navy zombo. cholinga chake chachikulu - kuwonongedwa kwa mipherezero chachikulu padziko, chitetezo cha fleets apanyanja ndi kutetezedwa ananena kuwukira mdani. chombo chikutchedwa N. G. Kuznetsova, asilikali a zombo za USSR. Ntchito yomanga cruiser anatenga malo Nikolaev, pa doko la zombo zapanyanja mu Chernomorsk, tsopano ndi mbali ya lonse la kumpoto zombo. chotengeracho molungama ndege MIG-29K, magulu SU 25, SU-33 Helicopters zosintha Ka-27/29 / 52K.

kamangidwe

Mapulani TAVKR "asilikali Kuznetsov" unayambitsidwa mu 1978 motsogozedwa wa PCB ku Leningrad.

Pali zochitika angapo ntchito, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zatha pomanga zombo kapena anakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a zanyengo ndipo zithunzi:

• Project 1153. Kusamutsidwa anakonza chombo anaikira matani 00 mpaka 70, izo ankaganiza wamphamvu zida zankhondo (kupatula lalikulu gulu ndege).
• № 1143 M. Anakonza zoti kuyika mu cruiser supersonic Yak 41 ofukula kudzachitika kwambiri.
• A zinachitika wa 1143. Iwo ali kufanana ndi chonyamulira ndege kapangidwe m'mbuyomu, koma ndi kusamutsidwa lalikulu (wachinayi ndege chonyamulira, anamanga ku Soviet Union).
• Project 1143,5 katundu ndege chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" - mkulu-mphamvu, wachisanu ndi wotsiriza Soviet yomangidwa ndege chonyamulira sitimayo.

Final zolembedwa luso linakonzedwa ndi m'ma 1980 Moti yomanga anali kutha mu 1990. Komabe, nthawi yobereka ndi kutumidwa nthawi zonse ankatembenukira zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Yambani kulenga

M'chaka oyambirira cha 1981 Shipbuilding Bzalani mu Nikolayev pingadza-anapambana dongosolo kumangira cruisers latsopano. Komabe, mu nthawi yophukira chaka chomwecho mu kuwonjezapo kwambiri ndi kusintha anapangidwa polojekiti, waukulu umene ali kuonjezera kusamutsidwa chotengera pa matani 10 chikwi.

Chifukwa mtengo wa index ichi chinali 67 000 T Komanso, izi kusintha structural zinalengedwa .:

• m'chombocho anali zikhale ndi unsembe wa RCC "lubwe".
• Pankafunika kukuza gulu mpweya wa makina 50.
• A atasintha anali kunena kuti Launch ndege amayenera kukhala opanda catapult ndi ski-kulumpha zofunika. kaonedwe Izi kuchepetsa mtengo wa zomangamanga ndi zina kutalikitsa moyo utumiki wa chonyamulira ndege.

patsogolo kuwamaliza

TAVKR "asilikali Kuznetsov" potsiriza amatsatira mpaka 1982. Izo zinachitika mu September, mzinda wa Nikolayev sitima. Poyamba, chombo wotchedwa "Riga", miyezi ingapo kenako anadzatchedwa kuti "Leonid Brezhnev". Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka pa cruiser pa mwambowu zonse anali kuika woyamba chipika nyumbayi. Sitimayo yokha (kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya Soviet Union) inkakhala kwathunthu awiri ziwembu dazeni chipika.

Kutalika kwa aliyense chipika TAVKR kulima. 11435 "asilikali Kuznetsov" chinali 32 mamita ndi kutalika kwa 13 m. Unyinji wa aliyense amafotokozera ndi wofanana 1.5-1.7 zikwi. Tonnes. Superstructure yaikulu ndege chonyamulira anapanga pa dongosolo yodziyimira payokha. Dziwani kuti ngalawa, ndi chakudya lolingana zipangizo, zida ndi zipangizo zina, ankalimbikitsidwa zaka zinayi zokha, zingakhale mbiri mtheradi. Komabe, kuchedwa ndi sapulaya ndi ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu wachititsa kuchedwa zosafunika kumayambiriro chotengera ntchito.

Unsembe adakwera zida

Chonyamulira ndege unayambitsidwa ku m'matangadza kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1985. Misa nyumba ndi nyumba anaika si upambana tonnes 32 000. Kutukula apeza kufunitsitsa / h 20506 ndege katundu chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" ndi 39%.

chaka chamawa chifukwa chotengera dziko ndi wopanda kusintha. Latsopano Mlengi P. Sokolov wapanga kusintha ndi pakati pa 87th isanamalizidwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chombo anadzatchedwa kachiwiri. Tsopano iye wakhala "Tbilisi". kuchuluka wokonzeka ziwonjezeke kwa 60%. Kuchedwa kwa ogulitsa saloledwa mofulumira kumaliza ntchito yomanga, 70% -s wokonzeka anali akwaniritsa yekha ndi mapeto a 1989

Mtengo wa ndege katundu chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" pa nthawi imeneyo anali rubles oposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Posachedwa kachiwiri anasintha mlengi akulu, adakhala L. Belov. The mbali yaikulu ya zipangizo zamagetsi kopita wakhala anaika pa anayi ndi zaka theka pambuyo tsiku lomalizira, ndi wokonzeka sitimayo zaka 80%.

Kukwera m'nyanja

Chochitika ichi chinachitika October 20, 1989 Pa nthawiyo, ndege chonyamulira anali pang'ono, kupatulapo pakalibe gulu ndege. Papayu zaka zopitirira mwezi, ndi kale woyamba wa November izi kubzala mlandu wa MiG 29 ndi Lamulungu 27 zinachitikadi chaka chomwecho.

Kwathunthu yolimbanirana ndi wailesi machitidwe mu / h 20506 ndege katundu chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" unakhazikitsidwa yekha mu 1990 (okwana wokonzeka analipo pafupifupi 90%). Mu nthawi yomweyo imeneyi opangidwa mayesero nyanja sitimayo. Pakati pa yophukira chombo analandira dzina yomaliza imene akuyenda tsopano.

Mu gawo loyamba la kudziyesa ndege chonyamulira paokha katswiri oposa 16 sauzande mailosi. Ndi runways chombo ndege opangidwa pafupifupi mazana asanu sorties. Onse cruiser ankafika kuchitidwa popanda boma la mwadzidzidzi kuti kuyambira ziwiya mayeso - ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Mayesero woyamba anamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 1990. Kuposa chaka anapambana chomaliza ulamuliro boma quality, kenako ngalawayo anatumizidwa ku mpoto zombo.

mbali luso

Monga mbali ya sitimayo ndi trampoline uta fairings wapadera wokwera. Alipo ndege pa sitima ya nthandala ndege zaperekedwa ndi chimakweza, omwe mwina angagonjetse matani 40. Sitimayo m'lifupi mamita 67. M'litali cruiser ndi liri pafupifupi 305 meters, mlingo wa madipoziti ake - 10,5 m.

Purposefully ntchito ankafika ndege sitimayo gawo 250 ndi kutalika mamita 26 m'lifupi. Iwo ali otsetsereka madigiri zisanu ndi ziwiri. A peyala ya zofunika kuyamba-mmwamba magulu.

Zipangizo ndi TAVKR "asilikali Kuznetsov" kukatentha ndi chopangira mphamvu, chetyrehvalnye ndi magudumu wamphamvu ndi magudumu dizilo. Monga propulsor protrude zomangira anayi (aliyense ali 5 masamba). Kuchepetsa liwiro kuyenda 29 mfundo (55 km / h). The yoyenda yokha navigation cruiser akhoza kunyamula miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Adalira - pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri anthu.

zida

Amwazisambo nkhondowo oyeretsa ndi kuthekera ndi chonyamulira ndege:

• Navigation dongosolo - "Beysur".
• Rada - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "chintchito", "Vaigach".
• Njira mtundu pakompyuta - CICS "wokwera" SJC "polenomiyo", "Star" zovuta "Buran-2", "kuwundana - BR";
• Anti-ndege zipolopolo - 6 × 6 AK-630 (48 zikwi amapereka.)
• Maroketi - PU SCRC "lubwe", "Dirk", "zigawenga";
• zida Antisubmarine (60 mabomba) - RBU-12000;
• Gulu Aviation - mayunitsi makumi asanu (Helicopters ndi ndege).

kukula

Kuti timvetse ukulu wa cruiser, zikhonza kudziŵika kuti msinkhu wake ndi wofanana ndi nyumba 27 storeyed. Mkati ndi zida ndi pafupifupi zikwi zinayi zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Pamene ankamanga akhala anakhala makilomita 4000 a chingwe, makilomita 12,000 a mipope ya diameters osiyana ndi magwiridwe. Ena yamvumbi m'chombocho, pali za makumi asanu zidutswa. Hangar chatsekedwa mtundu (153 * 26 * 7.2 mamita) accommodates zonse gulu 70 peresenti mpweya. M'madzi chitetezo structural tichipeza zida ndi kotenga makoma, kuya kwake - pafupifupi isanu mamita.

Modern kufufuza ntchito 1143,5

Ankaona chombo akhoza bwinobwino adzatchedwa zonse kunachitika ndege chonyamulira. Komabe, si onse kotero bwino ndi akuyandama yomanga yaitali. Nthawi zambiri umakhala mu kukonza doko.

zodzinenera yokulirapo kuti gululi ndi. pa nyanja zambiri limodzi ndi amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana zochitika zapadera. Kuyenera anatsindika kuti lililonse lalitali ulendo cruiser ikuthawa ndi kumakoka lapansi. The mwayi posachedwapa Nyanja Mediterranean - chitsimikizo china.

Ambiri kuyembekezera katundu ndege chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov" popita ku Syria. Ndipo osati kale izo zinachitika. N'zoona kuti popanda mavuto, koma chombo akadali anagonjetsa njira kumeneko ndi kumbuyo. Mu zaka ziwiri izo adakonzeratu lotsatira lalikulu kukonzanso kwa cruiser lapansi.