Special (defectological) maphunziro. Dokotala wodziwa za vutoli: komwe ndi amene amagwira ntchito

Maphunziro, lilinkudza amapereka osiyanasiyana maphunziro maphunziro. Imodzi mwa ukatswiri, amene angathe kuona ena apamwamba, maphunziro komanso mabungwe, - ". Special (defectological) maphunziro ndi" Anthu amene anaphunzira ku munda, amaonedwa akatswiri wapadera ndi-kufunika mu dziko masiku ano. Mu ena mayunivesite anapereka malangizo kuphunzitsidwa? Wina ntchito omaliza amene ali maphunziro ndi masatifiketi analandira?

maphunziro Defectological: akamanena za malangizo

Ana ndi akulu olumala thandizo la akatswiri chisamaliro aluso. Iwo ndi aphunzitsi ophunzitsidwa kulankhula pathologists. ntchito A anthu akamaliza sukulu za sekondale ku "maphunziro defectological."

Pophunzira wake, wophunzira aliyense akuphunzira amalanga ambiri. Zikuphatikizapo ndi "Psychology" ndi "Psychology" ndi "Medical ndi kwachilengedwenso zapansi wa Defectology", ndi "The Clinic chisokonezo ozindikira", ndi zina zotero .. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha pulogalamu munthu akhoza kuchita ndende, maphunziro ndi ntchito kafukufuku-matenda :

• kukonza matenda kakulidwe;
• kuti ikhazikitse mapulogalamu maphunziro ndi ndende munthu;
• kuphunzira chisamaliro chapadera ndi zofuna za anthu olumala;
• kupereka malangizo kwa anthu olumala, anthu a m'banja lawo.

Mbiri Special (defectological) mapangidwe

Wotuluka ku mbali ya "maphunziro defectological", ntchito amakonda kusankha pakati pa mbiri ya. Chiwerengero chawo zimadalira yunivesite. The Mbiri zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa Mwachitsanzo, kubwera kwa Bachala wa:

• "Psychology Special";
• "Kulankhula Therapy";
• "Pedagogical ndi maganizo kuthandiza ana olumala";
• "Oligophrenopedagogics".

Zambiri mozama kudziwa ku mayunivesite ambiri ku mbali ya "defectological (wapadera) maphunziro 'kumwamba mwini. mapulogalamu maphunziro kukumana zotsatirazi:

• "Ponena Education";
• "Pedagogical ndi maganizo thandizo la anthu olumala";
• "Kulankhula Therapy (maphunziro a anthu ndi kulankhula chakhungu)";
• "Nzeru matekinoloje maphunziro kulankhula kudwala."

Kufunika kwa zapaderazi mu dziko lamakono

Mayunivesite, maphunziro komanso mabungwe amene ali wapadera "defectological Education", amauza ophunzira kuphunzira. Mamembala a komiti kusankha, aphunzitsi kulankhula za kufunika kwake, chifukwa pa nthawiyo ndi m'malo pachimake vuto la maphunziro ana olumala. Pafupifupi 9-11% ya anthu kuchokera pakati pa anthu Dokotala thandizo defectologists aphunzitsi. Thandizo n'chofunikanso ena akuluakulu.

Anthu amene ankaphunzira pa malangizo a "defectological maphunziro apadera", chinkhoswe mu chitukuko, maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa ana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana kakulidwe zokhudza onse dera maganizo, thupi. Madera a ntchito a akatswiri umalimbana anthu ndi matenda nazo ndiponso kobadwa nako kwa masomphenya, kumva, pathologies ya zida ntchito mawu, kuchepa nzeru, zochita psychoneurotic.

Kupezeka kwa makhalidwe ofunika munthu

Malangizo kukonzekera "maphunziro defectological" chidwi, koma si kwa anthu onse. Ngati mwasankha zapaderazi uyu ayenera kuonedwa kuti dokotala ayenera makhalidwe ena patokha. Munthu uyu ayenera kukhala:

• kanthu;
• amphamvu;
• wochezeka;
• mosamala;
• kudalira zinthu ziwayendere bwino ntchito yawo, ndi ntchito ndende pulogalamu.

Tsogolo katswiri ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro. Ndichiyembekezo kale ntchito anthu akuwonetseredwa mu ntchito chikhalidwe ndi ulemu ku mutu ndi mphamvu zochepa, kuti m'madera amene ophunzira adzaukitsidwa, yekha.

Kukonzekera NPCs maphunziro

Pafupifupi mudzi uliwonse uli ndi yunivesite, amene uli ndi "maphunziro defectological." Mu Moscow pali ntchito zingapo. Imodzi mwa masukulu - Russian Chatsopano University (NPCs). Ndi yoyenda yokha sanali phindu yophunzitsa gulu lomwe lakhalapo kuyambira 1991.

"Defectological Education" pa University amapereka mphamvu ya Psychology ndi Pedagogy. Mukalandira lililonse ofunsira wapatsidwa mwayi kusankha mtundu yabwino kwambiri ya maphunziro. Mu utumiki wa nthawi makalasi ikuchitikira masiku 5 sabata. Mabanja kusekondale kuyamba maola 9. Pa absentia mu Russian kuphunzira yunivesite paokha kuphunzira maphunziro. Makalasi pa yunivesite umachitika nthawi 2 chaka paphunziro, ndi nthawi imene ali pafupi 20 masiku.

Maphunziro MPSU

Pakati mayunivesite kuti kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi, kulankhula madokotala, iwe ukhoza kupereka chitsanzo cha Moscow Psychological ndi Social University (MPSU). Bungweli maphunziro ndi ntchito yoyenda yokha sanali phindu bungwe. zochitika zawo yunivesite kunayamba 1995.

Moscow psycho-chikhalidwe yunivesite, poyamba unkatchedwa zokakamiza zipangizo chiwerengero chachikulu cha mapulogalamu ano maphunziro. Pakati pawo pali "maphunziro defectological" pa Bachala wa. Mukuwaperekera nthawi zonse, ganyu ndi maphunziro. mapulogalamu mbuye am'derali ku sekondale si anapereka.

omaliza tsogolo

Anthu kuyamwa kwa "defectological (wapadera) maphunziro" ku mayunivesite ndipo analandira dipuloma, mukhoza ntchito zosiyanasiyana mabungwe:

• mu sukulu za mitundu yonse ndi milingo;
• kumanga wapadera (choipa) sukulu, sukulu ndi zaumoyo;
• mu malo kupereka maganizo, mankhwala, maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe thandizo;
• mabungwe kuteteza moyo;
• lachifundo ndi dera mabungwe kugwira ntchito ndi anthu amene ali olumala.

Ophunzira m'tsogolo kuyembekezera ntchito mwakhama. Akugwira ntchito ndi munthu weniweni adzafunika kuthandiza osati iyeyo komanso banja lake. Pano pali chitsanzo. Choncho, aphunzitsiwo dokotala ntchito ndi mwana malinga ndi pulogalamu ndende. Zosowa aluso chisamaliro, iye ndi makolo ake, achibale, chifukwa banja kungathandize kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya kukonzedwa ndi chikoka pedagogical. Akamanena za kuthandiza makolo ndi kulangiza pa chitukuko, maphunziro, socialization ndi kaphatikizidwe wa mwana mu dziko. Choncho, ntchito kudzakhala kovuta, koma chidwi Choncho, zapaderazi "defectological (wapadera) maphunziro" kuliganizira.