Anthu a Noyabrsk: chiwerengero ndi fuko

Malo am'mwera akumidzi a Yamal ndi umodzi mwa mizinda ingapo yomwe mafakitale awiri ofanana (gasi ndi mafuta, omwe amachititsa kuti azimayiwa asamapite patsogolo) akukhala panthawi yomweyo, Hanto analephera komanso malo ogwira ntchito, komwe anthu amakhala pafupi zaka makumi asanu. Zonsezi ndi za Noyabrsk. Chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mmudzi ndi zigawo zina za chiwerengero cha anthu, komanso chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha mzindawo, mafakitale ndi chuma cha Noyabrsk chikufotokozedwa mopitirira.

Misewu yonse imabweretsa Noyabrsk

Noyabrsk, yomwe ili ndi malo abwino kwambiri osiyana kuchokera pakati pa Chigawo cha Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District ndi Tyumen, mzinda woyamba ku Russia ku Siberia, moyenerera akuwoneka kuti ndi "chipata chakumwera" cha Yamal. Mzindawu uli pamphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu ya Siberia, yomwe ili pakatikati mwa Uvaly wa ku Siberia. Noyabrsk akuzungulira taiga ndi mitsinje ing'onoing'ono ndi nyanja zazing'ono. Dziko la Marshy ndilo khalidwe. Kukhazikika kumeneku kuli malo okwanira, monga akuluakulu a boma akuyang'anira. Pafupi ndi mzindawu, anthu amakumana ndi mimbulu, mbawala, ntchentche, zimbalangondo, njoka, nkhandwe zamphongo ndi nkhandwe.

Chiwerengero cha Noyabrsk nthawi zambiri chimaseka kuti misewu yonse imatsogolera ku mzinda uno. Ndipo ndithudi, kupyolera mu chikhazikitso chokhala ndi dzina lokumbutsa za nthawi zakale zolimbirana zachikhalidwe, koma panthaŵi yomweyi ndi chiyembekezo chomwe sichidzatha zaka khumi zisanachitike, pali zida zambiri zofunikira zamatenda. Mzindawu umadutsa Novy Urege - Tyumen wofunika kwambiri komanso msewu wopita ku Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug ndi "dziko lalikulu".

Kukula kwa minda ya mafuta ndi gasi

Wolemera pazochitikazo ndi mbiri yakale ya m'mudziwu inayamba ndi anthu 40 okha, omwe mu April 1975 anafika pamtsinje wa Itu-Yaha. Cholinga cha kubowola chinali kukhazikitsa gawo la mafuta. Miyezi itatu yokha kuchokera pamene ndegeyo inkafika, kasupe woyamba wakuda wa golide analandiridwa. Kotero, moyo wa mzindawo unaperekedwa kwa Kholmogorskoe, Karamovskoye, Povkhovskoye, Tevminskoye, Vyngapurovskoye ndi malo a Sutrominskoye mafuta ndi gasi kumpoto kwa Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ndi kum'mwera kwa Yamal-Nenetsky.

Mu November 1976, malo otsatira ogwira ntchito anafika kumudzi wa anthu ogwira ntchito m'tsogolo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kumanga siteshoni yatsopano ya sitimayi ku line la Surgut-Urgenoy ndi malo omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malowa anayamba. Mzindawu unayamba kusankhidwa pa mapu otchedwa Noyabrsk - dzina la mweziwo, pamene kumangidwa kwa mudzi wa olimen kunayambika. Mwa njira, nthawi ina mudziwu unkatchedwa Hanto - dzina la limodzi la nyanja zapanyumba, koma maganizo a chikhalidwe cha anthu apambana.

Kupanga mzinda wa mafuta ndi gasi

Mzinda wa siteshoni ndi komiti ya m'mudzimo unalembedwa pa October 26, 1977, pamene analembetsedwa ndi Komiti Yoyang'anira Dera la Tyumen. Posakhalitsa izi, mapangidwe a zipangizo zamakono anayamba. Pofika mu August 1977, anthu a Noyabrsk anali kale anthu 1,523. Ambiri anali ndi antchito ogwira ntchito yomanga mafakitale komanso malo opangira mafuta ndi mafuta.

Kumapeto kwa August 1978, akuluakulu a boma la Tyumen adapititsa anthu ogwira ntchito kumtunda wa kilomita mazana awiri ndi atatu pa njanji ya Surgut-Urengoy. Chigamulocho chinayambitsidwa ndi kufunika koteteza anthu a Noyabrsk kuchokera ku madzi osefukira. Kumpoto kwa mudziwu kunali kukwera kokwanira. Pali chifaniziro china ndi Roma, chomwe chinamangidwa pa mapiri asanu ndi awiri.

Sitima yapamtunda, yomwe idakonzedweratu ndalama zambiri ndi ntchito, yatsala m'malo. Masiku ano, dera la sitimayi (malo ano lero Noyabrsk-1) amakhala limodzi la microdistricts mumzinda ndipo amatchedwa mudzi wa Zheleznodorozhnikov.

Kutsirizidwa kwa kuthetsa kwapitirira. Mu 1978, munali misewu eyiti yokha mu mzinda, positi ofesi, malo oyamba othandizira komanso masitolo awiri. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, anthu a Noyabrsk adakhala kale nyumba zisanu zazing'ono zamakono zotsitsimutsa, ndipo malo onse okhalapo anali oposa 40,000 square meters. M. Maziko a "Khrushchev" yoyamba adayikidwa nthawi yapadera ndi uthenga kwa mamembala a Komsomol a m'zaka za zana la 21.

Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1981, anthu (Noyabrsk adakali chikhalire) ndipo anafikira anthu zikwi 23. Chaka chotsatira, chiwerengero cha anthu anali 25.5,000.Pakati pa zaka zisanu (kuchokera 1981 mpaka 1986), anthu a Noyabrsk anawonjezeka katatu ndipo anafikira 68,000. Pa nthawi yachisanu chachisanu chomwe mzindawo unapatsidwa mzindawo mu 1987, chiwerengero cha anthu Anthu zikwi 77.

Chikhazikitsocho chapitirirabe kukula kwa zaka. Zoonadi, kugawanika kwa Soviet Union kunachepetsa kukula kwa Noyabrsk, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu chinakwana anthu 100,000 pokhapokha mu 2005.

Chiwerengero cha chigawo chakumwera cha Yamal

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ku Noyabrsk? 2016 sankazindikiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzinda wa mafuta ndi gasi kawirikawiri satha zaka zaposachedwapa, ngakhale pang'ono. Chiwerengero cha Noyabrsk mu 2016 chinali anthu oposa 106.5,000 - deta yotereyi imatsogolera Federal State Statistics Service ku Russia.

Lero, Nobarjsk ndi mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri wogulitsa mafakitale m'chigawo cha Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Kuyambira chaka cha 2000 , chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Russia chinawonjezeka chifukwa cha kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Mu 2014, chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzinda wa Noyabrsk chinali 20 peresenti ya anthu okhala m'dera la Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.

Zosiyanasiyana za dziko

Dziko la November likusiyana ndi mitundu yapadera. Kuyambira mu 2010, nthumwi za mayiko amenewa zinakhala mumzindawu:

• Russian (65.5%);
• Ukrainians (12.3%);
• Matatars (6.7%);
• Azerbaijanis (2,9%);
• Mabashkirs (2.3%);
• Anthu a ku Byelorussia (1.5%);
• Amoldova (1.1%);
• Lezgins (0,5%).

Chiwerengero cha Noyabrsk chimapangidwanso potsatsa Chuvashes, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Chechens, Kirghiz, Kumyks.

Mzindawu ukulamulidwa ndi zipembedzo zazikulu ziwiri - Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu. Orthodox ndi oimira anthu ambiri a Asilavo, Asilamu amachitidwa ndi Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks ndi mbadwa zina kuchokera kumayiko akumwera. Ngakhale kuti pali anthu osiyanasiyana, ambiri a November ndi anthu abwino komanso okhwima omwe amadera nkhaŵa za moyo wa mzinda wawo.

Moyo wakale wa anthu a Noyabrsk

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya kukhazikitsidwa ndi mbiri yochepa koma yolemera ndi yaling'ono ya zaka za anthu. Avereji a November ali ndi zaka zoposa makumi atatu ndi chimodzi, pamene zaka zonse za dziko lonse la Russia ndi zaka 39.1.

Monga mizinda yambiri ku District Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Noyabrsk ali ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 40%. Chiwerengero cha ana ali pafupi 21%, pali 9 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito pantchito. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti ambiri atachotsedwa ntchito amatha kupita kumadera akummwera kapena kumwera kwa Russian Federation ndi nyengo yabwino.

Zizindikiro zina za anthu

Chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba chikutsatiridwa ndi kuti ku Noyabrsk nthawi zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa mwana zimaposa chiwerengero cha zowawa. Choncho, mu 2015, anthu 513 anafa chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa 1662, kuwonjezeka kwa chilengedwe kunali anthu 1149. Chiŵerengero chonse cha chiwerengero cha chilengedwe chinali 10.7, koma ku Russia lonse, chizindikirocho ndi zero. Mpaka posachedwapa, Russian Federation inasiyanitsa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

Malo okhala kumudzi

Ntchito yomanga mbali ya kum'mwera ya Yamal ndi yofanana ndi mizinda yambiri ya kumpoto kwa mafakitale. Misewu ing'onoing'ono yapakati yomwe pali madera ochepa omwe alipo - ili ndi mzinda wamakono wa Noyabrsk. Chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengero (mu 2016 chotengedwa kuti chatsekedwa kotsiriza) chomwe chaka chatha chinali, monga tanenera kale, anthu 106.5 zikwizikwi, akukhala m'madera angapo a microdistrict ndi midzi ingapo.

Malo osungira malo amakhala molunjika mkati mwa mzinda kapena pafupi ndi kuthetsa, ndipo pamtunda wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha Vyngapurovsky chiri makilomita 92 kuchokera ku Noyabrsk pa msewu waukulu. Kubwera kwa nyumbayi kumagwirizananso ndi chitukuko cha munda wa mafuta ndi mafuta omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo.

Mkhalidwe wa zomangamanga ndi nyumba

Noyabrsk ali ndi makonzedwe okwanira, chifukwa malo omwe amayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse amawongolera ngati pakufunikira. Kusinthana kwa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zamtundu, komwe kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu osokoneza magalimoto, zomwe zimachitika pokhapokha pa ngozi zazikulu za pamsewu kapena nyengo yoipa.

Ntchito ya nyumba ndi ma communal services pakati pa anthu a Noyabrsk sizimayambitsa zodandaula kapena madandaulo. Zoonadi, m'mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri ndi mudzi wa Zheleznodorozhnikov, umene mbiri ya nkhani ya Russian Federation inayamba. Panopa palibe magalimoto ozungulira pamsewu, ndipo palibe njira zapansi paliponse, kayendetsedwe ka anthu kawirikawiri sagwedezeka. M'malo osungirako mankhwala omwe alipo pali vuto la kusokoneza mwadzidzidzi magetsi kapena madzi.

Ntchito ya anthu a Noyabrsk

Anthu masiku ano amadziwika ndi ntchito yochuluka ya anthu. Noyabrsk ndi mzinda wa ogwira ntchito gasi komanso ogwira ntchito ya mafuta, koma sizinakanganidwe ndi kusakhazikika kwachuma ndi ndale za zaka zapakati pa 90ties. Ndiye chiwerengerochi chimadalira kwambiri mitengo ya dziko ya zipangizo zofanana ndi zochitika zachuma pa nkhaniyo. Kukula mwakhama kwa mzindawo kunaloŵedwa m'malo ndi kuphulika kwakukulu kwa ntchito zothandizira anthu atangotha kugwa kwa Soviet Union.

Mtsogoleri woyang'anira chuma wakhala akukonzedweratu kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mudzi wogwira ntchito. Zochita zamakono za Noyabrsk zimayimilidwa ndi makampani omwe amapanga, kuyendetsa ndi kutumiza gasi ndi mafuta. Makampani awiriwa ndi Gazprom dobycha Noyabrsk ndi Gazprom Neft - Gazpromneft-Noyabrskneftegaz.

Ntchito ya anthu a Noyabrsk makamaka ikulimbikitsidwa ndi makampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, kumene anthu pafupifupi 30,000 amagwira ntchito. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya gasi kumaperekedwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 3,000. Gawo la ntchito zogwira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo apagulu, mmakampani yomanga, mauthenga ndi malonda amamvekanso. Zaka zaposachedwapa, malonda akugwiritsanso ntchito ku Noyabrsk: chomera cha mkaka, chophika mkate, makampani opanga nsomba, nyama, zotsamba ndi zotsamba.

Milandu

Mkulu wa zigawenga wa dera la Noyabrsk sizitchulidwa ndendende, ngakhale mumzinda nthawi ndi nthawi pali zolakwa zazing'ono ndi zolakwa zazikulu. Chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu a kuthetsa vutoli ndi adakali mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kotero, kwa theka lachiwiri la 2015, zidutswa zinayi zam'madzi zakunja zinapezedwa ndipo zinayambitsidwa ndi mabungwe ogwirira ntchito.