Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna: MBIRI, moyo

Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna ndi mkonzi ndi kompayila cha ntchito zonse (30 mabuku), lolembedwa ndi mwamuna wake wotchuka, kuti apite ku 2007. Iye - Russian anthu chithunzi, membala wa bungwe la matrasti wa Fund, "ndi Free mlandu" ndi bungwe la matrasti wa chitsitsimutso Solovetsky obisika. Osati miniti si atakhala chabe, si wakhazikika pa n'kukhutira wa bwino mwamuna wake ndipo akupitirizabe ntchito yake Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna. Fund Solzhenitsyn si popanda okhudzidwa waukulu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1974 ku Zurich, mu 1992, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku Moscow. Za izo, tikhoza kunena kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri, wodzipereka ndi olimbika ntchito mkazi amene anayamba kuthandiza ndi dzanja lamanja dissident wolemba Aleksandra Isaevicha.

Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna: A MBIRI

Svetlov dzina lake namwali, iye anabadwa July 22, 1939 mu Moscow. bambo ake anali Dmitri Ivanovich Velikogorodny (1904-1941 g). Iye anali mbadwa ya Stavropol wamba ndipo anabadwira ku mudzi wa Malaya Dzhalga. Kenako iye anaphunzira pa Institute of Red Aphunzitsi Moscow pa dipatimenti zolembalemba kuphunzira kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro. Mu 1941 iye anapita akusowa pafupi Smolensk. mayi Solzhenitsyn anali Catherine Ferdinandovna Svetlov (1919-2008 g), iye anabadwa mu Moscow ndi maphunziro Moscow Aviation Institute.

Agogo a Natali Dmitrievny Svetlov Ferdinand Yurevich (1884-1943 g) anali membala wa Socialist Chiwukirano Party, kenako ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Izvestia". Kwa theka la chaka pamaso iye anabadwa, iye anamangidwa ndipo anamwalira mu Gulag.

Bambo D. K. Zhak (1903-1973 g) kuyambira 1949 wakhala ziwerengero maphunziro ndi zachuma, iye anali wolemba nkhani zingapo pa mlandu zowerengera. mng'ono wake - Russian ndi Soviet ndakatulo Veniamin Zhak.

Maphunziro ndi ntchito

Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna maphunziro Moscow University State, Zimango ndi Masamu luso. Pambuyo sukulu maphunziro anakhalabe ku ntchito choyezera ziwerengero masamu.

Mwamuna wake woyamba anali Andrei Nikolaevich Tyurin, wotchuka Soviet ndi Russian masamu, amene Natali Dmitrievny anali ndi mwana Dmitri (1962-1994 g) wa tsopano kukula mdzukulu.

Tinakumana ndi Solzhenitsyn

Mu August 1968, Natalia anakumana ndi Solzhenitsyn. Ndipo kuyambira anakhala mlembi wake mkonzi wothandizira m'zochita zake zonse, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - amake a ana ake atatu zodabwitsa Ermolai (1970), Ignatius (1972), Stepan (1973). ukwati Official iwo mwapereka mu 1973.

Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna ndi ana anayi ku USSR ku West mwamuna wake. Mu 1976 banja lawo linali mosatsata nzika za USSR, limene anachira kwambiri kenako - mu 1990. 4 Patapita zaka, yeniyeni mu 1994, iye pamodzi ndi Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym ndi ana anabwerera ku Russia.

Mu 2000, September 20, mu nyumba mu Utatu Lykovo Solzhenitsyn anakumana ndi Pulezidenti Putin ndi mkazi wake Lyudmila.

Mu 2009, Putin V. V., pamene iye anali mu malo a nduna yaikulu, anasonyeza kuti akufuna kulankhula ndi Solzhenitsyn banja. Nkhani yaikulu ya zokambirana zawo anali kuphunzira kuyambira Solzhenitsyn ku sukulu Russian.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Kuyembekeza kuti mbiri Natali Dmitrievny, sitingathe akukhala pa mwamuna wake Alexander Solzhenitsyn, amene anabadwa mu Kislovodsk mu 1918, pa 11 December. Pa nthawiyi, bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo mu 1924 akapita ku Rostov pa-Don. Pali mu 1941, analandira maphunziro a ku yunivesite, popeza anaphunzira sayansi ndi masamu dipatimenti. Koma posachedwapa, nkhondo inayamba, Solzhenitsyn anali asonkhanitsidwa, ndipo pambuyo sukulu kapitawo anatumizidwa kunkhondo. Pamaso pa chigonjetso chachikulu Solzhenitsyn anamangidwa chifukwa ndemanga odana Stalinist m'makalata ake kuti analemba kuti bwenzi lake N. Vitkevich. Alexander Solzhenitsyn akhakhala Lyubyanskoy ndi ndende Butyrka, iye anali m'ndende kwa zaka 8 m'misasa. Wambiri ya Solzhenitsyn ndi sangathe kuti afotokoze mu mawu ochepa, anali interenaya makhalidwe - makono Dostoevsky wathu, limene ambiri a maganizo osokoneza monga choonadi kudula kumveka molunjika mu diso.

njira kulenga

Chidwi cha moyo msasa ku Yerusalemu Watsopano, ndiyeno ntchito akaidi ku Moscow anali maziko a ntchito yake zolembalemba "The Republic of Labor" (1954). M'chaka cha 1947 iye anasamutsidwa kuti Marfinskaya "sharashka", ndipo patapita akhoza kufotokoza moyo wake mu buku lake "The Circle Choyamba". Mu 1950, Solzhenitsyn ndi mumsasa Ekibastuz ndipo kenako recreates zochitika nkhaniyo "Tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha." Mu 1952, wapezeka ndi kansa yotupa, ndipo Zosintha opaleshoni kuchotsa izo. Kuchokera chaka cha 1953, Solzhenitsyn ali ukapolo okhazikika Kazakhstan, Zhambyl dera, m'mudzi wa Kok-Terek.

Mu 1956 iye asintha khalidwe lawo, anabwerera Russia ndi akuthamanga mphunzitsi kumidzi mu Ryazan. moyo akulongosola ntchito "Matryona". Pambuyo m'firiji pamtunda Khrushchev ali ndi Solzhenitsyn kukula kulimbana kachiwiri. ndi mwayi ntchito ndi kusindikizidwa pafupifupi kumeneko, pa nthawi ino iye amakhoza kulemba ntchito kokha "Zakhar-Kalita". Chigonjetso kukambirana buku lake "Cancer Ward" (1968) wosatenga zotsatira anakhumba, kusindikiza ndi musalole.

Mu 1968 iye Wamaliza ntchito yake wanzeru pa "The Gulag Archipelago", ndipo pambuyo buku loyamba mu 1974 Aleksandra Isaevicha anamangidwa, mosatsata nzika ndi kutumizidwa ku Germany. Kuyambira pamenepo, anasamukira ku Switzerland, kuti Zurich. Mu 1975 mu Stockholm dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich analandira Nobel Prize, ndipo mu 1976, akutumikira ku US, Vermont. ntchito yake yaikulu wobwezera kulemba epic "Red Wheel".

Utatha wa USSR mu 1994, iye anabwerera kwawo. Atayendetsa dziko lonse, kwa Moscow ku East Asia, iye anali wolumikizana zolimba moyo chikhalidwe mu Russia.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn anamwalira pa August 3, 2008 pa Utatu-mauta. thupi lake anaikidwa necropolis wa Donskoy ansembe yotchedwa mu Moscow.

Mu 1992, Solzhenitsyn ndi banja lake anawomberedwa filimu zodabwitsa magawo awiri lotchedwa "Alexander Solzhenitsyn" Stanislav Govorukhin, amene kukamuona Vermont.

Ignat

Mmodzi Tisaiwale za ana a banja lodabwitsa. Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna September 23, 1972 mu Moscow anabereka mwana wamwamuna, Ignat Solzhenitsyn. Lero - kale odziwika American ndi Russian limba, mkulu wochititsa wa Philadelphia Komiti Orchestra (kuyambira 1998).

Woyamba ndi wamphamvu ganizolo Iye 5 Shostakovich a nthetemya, anamva pamene iye sanali ndi zaka 10. Kenako anamva ankafunitsitsa kuchita nyimbo lalikulu zachikhalidwe. Iye anayamba kuphunzira motsogozedwa ndi Rudolf Serkin. Kenako iye anaphunzira limba mu London ndi Marii Kurcho ndi Gary Graffmana.

Today iye amakhala mu New York ndi mtsikanayu zapamwamba kwambiri nyimbo mapwando, kuphatikizapo "December Mausiku" ndi "Mstislav Rostropovich". Ignat anali kupereka "Avery Fisher."

Zokhudza banja Solzhenitsyn anajambula kanema wina womwe amatchedwa "Solzhenitsyn. Pa Wamphamvu otsiriza ", kumene inu mukhoza kuwona, onse makonsatiwo holo" Meymandi "nyimbo ya Mozart ndi Brahms, oimba masewero motsogozedwa Ignat Solzhenitsyn.

Ermolai

Mwana wamkulu wa Natalia Ermolai anabadwa mu 1970. Maphunziro Harvard, iye anaphunzira pa Princeton maphunziro ndipo tsopano ntchito ku kampaniyo kufunsira kwa McKinsey, mu 1998 - makampani migodi mu EMEA (Europe, CIS, Africa ndi ku Middle East). Ermolai ndi mtsogoleri lonse anzawo gulu mphamvu ndi zipangizo m'gulu gulu katswiri pa mmene kukumana ndi zomangamanga zoyendera. Solzhenitsyn imakhazikika mu ntchito mafuta ndi gasi, zoyendera nyumba makina, migodi ndi zitsulo, ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu chitukuko cha mapulogalamu a m'tawuni zomangamanga ndi zigawo lonse.

Stepan

Today kwa zaka 12, Stepan Solzhenitsyn amakhala ku Russia. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse, monga chirichonse Solzhenitsyn akuona Russian.

Stepan, nayenso, ngati m'bale wake Ermolai, maphunziro Harvard ndi maphunziro kusukulu ndi lero ndi mutu wa Moscow ofesi ya McKinsey olimba kufunsira. Iye anachitira gawo mphamvu mu Russia, kuphatikizapo kuyan'anila ntchito ya "Rosatom", chifukwa ichi ndi kampani udindo yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ku Finland "Hanhikivi".

Pomaliza

Solzhenitsyna Natalya Dmitrievna pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake kudzera m'zimene mabuku ndi ndalama zogulira chilungamo cha anthu ndipo amathandiza anthu onse amene anapulumuka nthawi lowopsya la nthawi zovuta ndi amene angafunike kuthandizidwa ndiponso kulimbikitsidwa.