Sevan mumapezeka nsomba: malo, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Pali mapiri mkulu wa Caucasus chachikulu nyanja. Malowa ali pamtunda pamalo okwera mamita 1900 pamwamba pa nyanja. Choncho otchedwa nyanja: Sevan. Armenia ndi dziko amene m'gawo izo ndendende pamtunda.

nyanja ndi malo nsomba otchedwa Sevan mumapezeka nsomba. Iye, poyamba, umene wawachititsa asodzi. Kuwonjezera Nyanja Sevan mumapezeka nsomba, zithunzi chimene zili m'nkhani chipezeka mu mitsinje yapafupi.

mafotokozedwe

Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za nsomba. Ndi chiyani icho? Sevan - wapadera wa mumapezeka nsomba. Dzinali amachokera ku Latin salmo ischchan. Chiameniya mumapezeka nsomba otanthauza "mfumu". Otchedwa chifukwa cha kukongola ndi ulemerero, poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina. Inde, ena mwa anthu ake angafikire yolemera makilogalamu mpaka seventini. Nthawi zina Sevan mumapezeka nsomba, thupi lake kutalika - mita imodzi. Monga mukuonera, chimphona weniweni! Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu nsomba unatengedwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana East.

Asayansi komanso Sevan mumapezeka nsomba, umene uli pepala chithunzi lagawidwa amitundu inayi, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, mpikisano. Ndipo iwo onse asemphana pa mumapezeka nsomba European.

yozizira mumapezeka nsomba

Kotero, m'modzi wa mtundu wa mumapezeka nsomba iyi akutchedwa yozizira mumapezeka nsomba. Nthawi zina amatchedwanso yozizira bakhtak. Mtundu uwu wa mumapezeka nsomba kwambiri. Panali milandu pamene chitsanzo anakwatulidwa seventini kilogalamu, ndipo m'litali - 104 cm. Chidwi kukula! Ndiye pamene yozizira mumapezeka nsomba kudzinenepetsa, mtundu wake ndi silvery-woyera, ndipo kumbuyo ali ndi mtundu zitsulo mtundu. Mdima mawanga pa pang'ono, ndipo amacheza ndi felemu padziko m'mphepete, kuwala mitundu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo sizichitika nthawi iksoobraznymi poyerekeza ndi zofiirira mumapezeka nsomba. Zima mumapezeka nsomba akudya nkhanu, amphipods, ndiwo malo - pansi.

M'badwo wa kusasitsa a mtundu wa mumapezeka nsomba - zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene nsomba kuyamba spawning, amuna kusintha mtundu. Iwo ali akuda kwambiri, ndi zipsepse ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu wakuda. Kumbali iwo ali ochepa mawanga ofiira ndi mawanga chowala pa ena zingerengere bwinobwino ndithu. Akazi akhalebe sichinasinthe. caviar amodzi chikuchitika mwachindunji mu nyanza. Chiwerengero cha mazira okwana anayi. Pamaso pa kugwa kwa mlingo nyanja anali anachira nkhosa ziwiri za nsomba: spawning amene akutenga malo kwa October kwa January, ndipo winayo wochokera kwa January kwa March. Pa yomweyo spawning limapezeka pa kuya osiyana. Mwakuya woyamba mamita 0.5-4, ndipo chachiwiri - mamita 0.5-20.

Zima bakhtak makamaka amtengo ndi asodzi. Kale nkhani zofunika nsomba. Komabe, pambuyo mlingo wa Nyanja Sevan wagwa, ambiri spawning mumapezeka nsomba anakhalabe pa gombe. Kotero tsopano, mtundu wa nsomba ali osowa ndithu.

chilimwe mumapezeka nsomba

Mtundu wachiwiri wa Sevan mumapezeka nsomba - Nathenje chaka chino. nsomba ndi dzina zaka bakhtak. Anautcha choncho chifukwa kutchera mazira yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha. Spawning chikuchitika mu mitsinje bakhtak tiyi ndi Gedak-Bulakh, komanso mu Nyanja Sevan, m'madera chisanadze estuarine wa nyanza. Mtundu uwu wa mumapezeka nsomba ang'onoang'ono. thupi lakelo, ngati inu kutenga pazipita ukufika makilogalamu awiri, ndi kutalika - 60 masentimita. Kukula mumapezeka nsomba akale pa zaka 2-7. Mtundu wa view zochepa wakhama mumapezeka nsomba.

Nsomba zimenezi zikhoza kuvula mazira pang'ono kuposa zikwi spawning. Nthawi zambiri m'mbali mwa nsomba bakhtak m'chilimwe mukhoza kuona mawanga ofiira. Malonda katundu wa mtundu chaka yafupika chifukwa chakuti njira kwa malo spawning anali pafupi oletsedwa.

Bodzhak

subspecies ina Sevan mumapezeka nsomba ndi bodzhak. Izi mitundu nyenyezi yaing'ono wa mumapezeka nsomba, ndi miyeso ake ang'ono kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti waukulu anagwira chitsanzo siinafike kutalika masentimita makumi atatu. Ndipo kutalika ranges pafupifupi kuyambira masentimita 24 mpaka 26. Kawirikawiri bodzhaka amuna ndi zachilendo mawanga ofiira pa mbali.

Spawning a mtundu wa mumapezeka nsomba kumachitika kokha mu Nyanja Sevan (Armenia).
Popeza pa msinkhu wa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, zikuyamba kupita zimaswana. Izo ziyenera kuti mu nkhani iyi kudzakhala kumanga zisa kuikira mazira ndi kutchera izo kudutsa pansi pa Nyanja Sevan. Bodzhak spawns kwa October kwa November. Ndipo asayansi poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti ndondomeko udzachitika pa akuya khumi mamita, koma pambuyo atayanika mabacteria m'mphepete mwa nyanja anali kudziŵika spawning bodzhaka pa akuya mamita makumi anai. Komabe, m'dera lawo ndi laling'ono kwambiri ndipo sangathe kuyambiranso anataya malo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha nsomba wathetsedwa zikuchepa.

gegharkuni

Chabwino, subspecies lotsiriza la Sevan mumapezeka nsomba amatchedwa gegharkuni. nyama Young, izo akufanana nsomba parr ena. Chekeni iwo ali ndi maonekedwe osiyana pang'ono kuposa zina mumapezeka nsomba za Sevan. Mu thupi gegharkuni ali mdima yopingasa mikwingwirima ndi mawanga zofiirira ndi wachikasu ndi wofiira. Kudzinenepetsa zidzachitika pambuyo chaka mu nyanza. Chekeni iwo akuda kuposa mumapezeka nsomba, komanso mthunzi wa siliva.

Chakudya monga sikuti benthos koma zooplankton, yomwe makamaka mu ndime madzi zokwawa pambuyo pake. gegharkuni Izi ndi amasiyana zina mumapezeka nsomba. Iwo spawns okha basi loyenda madzi, mwachitsanzo mitsinje.

Sevan mumapezeka nsomba: chiwerengero cha

Back mu 20s wa atumwi wotsiriza anayamba kutulutsa kuswana yokumba wa mumapezeka nsomba ndi chilimwe gegharkuni. Mpaka m'ma makumi anai nsomba unali pafupifupi nyama 1.6 miliyoni. Komabe, ndi zina moyo wa mitsinje ya achinyamata sakuyenda kwambiri, ndi njira zimaswana kwenikweni kutsekedwa. Poona zimenezi patapita zaka makumi asanu gegharkuni ndi mumapezeka nsomba anayamba kukula kokha mu hatcheries.

Ngakhale miyezo anatengedwa kusunga chiwerengero cha Sevan mumapezeka nsomba, caviar msonkhamsonkha ku hatcheries ali utachepa. Zonse zizichitika, kuphatikizapo kuponya milingo madzi, ndi kuchepetsa spawning zachilengedwe nsomba, zinachititsa chakuti chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya chitsulo kutha mofulumira.

Chochititsa chidwi chopereka mu zonse zimenezi eutrophication. Eutrophication otchedwa yaikulu kuchuluka zokolola ndi kuwonjezera madzi momwemo zakudya, monga makamaka fluorine ndi asafe. zigawo akhoza anayambitsa kudzera malo mu madzi zinyalala mafakitale ndi oyang'anira tauni pambuyo kutsuka ndi feteleza kapena ndi minda mpweya, mwachitsanzo. Choyamba, akhoza kudwala ndithu pa nsomba monga chakudya umakhala. Komabe, pambuyo khalidwe madzi chatsitsa. zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja akuyamba kukula, madzi amakhala mitambo, ndi chilungamo sakhala ndi moyenera, misinkhu mpweya nawonso yafupika.

Species pa anangotsala pang'ono kuwonongeratu

Pamene zinthu makamaka zovuta, chifukwa kusintha komwe kumachitika mu nyanja ndi matupi zina madzi, inali yaikulu komanso mitundu zing'onozing'ono mumapezeka nsomba - bodzhak ndi yozizira mumapezeka nsomba. nsomba spawns mu nyanza. mitundu izi ezedwa ikutha. Ndipo kotero nsomba otchedwa Sevan mumapezeka nsomba anatsimikizidwa malo chikhalidwe ndipo kutchulidwa Red Book.