Robert Bryus, Mfumu ya Scotland: ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja, Wambiri

Scottish dziko ngwazi Robert Bryus kwenikweni woyenera mutu aulemu. kunyada kwake kwenikweni anayamba kugonjetsa zovuta nkhondo woyaka moto wa Bannock kuwotcha. Kokha kupyolera chochitika Scotland walandira ufulu yaitali, ngakhale njira kuthana ndi kunali kovuta.

Robert anatola mbendera yomweyo ya ufulu wadziko ndi kuperekedwa zitero anthu awo ufulu. History of Scotland ndi yogwirizana mkulu wotchuka, amene ndi lero satchula mfundo zonse.

chopereka Ake kutchulidwa mawu ochepa, koma mukhoza anena chinthu chimodzi chokha, anthu a Scotland kwenikweni amalemekeza mfumu yake ndi limamusonyezera kwambiri oyamikira ntchito zake zonse. Kuwonjezera ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku England, Scotland, Bruce anapereka zambiri patsogolo moyo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi ya ulamuliro wonse anayesa kuteteza m'mayiko awo kwa mdani wa British, monga Robert nayo nthawi kuchita zinthu zina zothandiza kulimbana ndi Chi.

Tate wa mafumu ndi wotchuka dzina

1 Robert anabadwa mu 1274, pa 11 July pa Nyumbayi Ternsberri. Iye anali tate wa mafumu, ndi moyenerera anagwira korona wa wolamulirayo. Bruce anathera unyamata wake pa bwalo la Edward 1 - Mfumu ya England.

Chiyambi cha dzina chifukwa chakuti mtundu Bruce anachokera ku Normandy, amene anatenga kumayiko a Normandy.

Great Mafumu Bruce ingakhale kunyadira pa wolamulira ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali, amene anachita zonse basi chifukwa cha anthu ndi osati chifukwa cha phindu lawo.

Baron Robert De Bryus anali nawo, kani, anali mtsogoleri wa kugalukira polimbana ndi England. Chifukwa iye anali mwakachetechete mphoto dziko ndithu mu Yorkshire. Ndiyamika onse ubwino anabadwa Bruce anamukwiyira kugwirizana ndi mbiri Scotland.

Ana onse wamkulu banja anali ndi dzina limodzi - Robert. Ndithudi, izo zinali zonse mu ulemu wa tate wa mafumu a. mkazi woyamba anali Isabella (pafupifupi mwana David Hantingdonskogo). Ndi kuyamika ukwati wake ndi Robert anapatsa ufulu kugona amati wachifumu Scottish monga mwa chilamulo, ndiyeno n'kupereka mfundo zomveka wachifumu. Koma posakhalitsa ukwati wawo anathetsa zifukwa zosadziwika. Pali malo angapo kuti ndikuuzeni zifukwa zambiri zosiyana, koma anthu amakono choonadi ndipo sindikudziwa.

Mfumu ndicho chonse cha zochitikazo chidwi, zochitika ndi nkhani yaing'ono. achinyamata ambiri akhoza bwinobwino kutenga chitsanzo cha pa wolamulira. khalidwe lake ndi woyenera ulemu mu malo oyamba, kenako onse nzeru ndi luso.

Pa njira korona

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mkulu wa Scotland khama korona izo anapeza kwambiri, koma atate Roberta Bryusa anakana kulola mkangano, choncho zopatsidwa kwa mwana wake.

1292 anali chikhomo chifukwa Robert, chifukwa iye anasamutsidwa ndi mutu Earl wa Carrick. Ndiye, pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake, Robert Bryus anakhala chiwiri Ambuye wa Annandale. Fuko akufuna chitsutso Ioannu Balliolyu, amene kenako anapanga pangano ndi France.

Pa chisokonezo ichi onse ndi imfa ya wambirimbiri dziko monga banja anakakamizika kugwirizanitsa ndi opanduka, monga mmene anachitira ambiri a akalonga a Scotland.

Kubweranso kwa Edward 1 kampeni

Panthawi imeneyi mbiri ya Scotland wotaya zina, koma Baibulo boma kuli mmodzi yekha.

1 Edward litalanda Scotland ndi ndewu ndi kuyamba. Pa nkhondo awa, oponya mivi English ndi apakavalo kuswa asilikali mdani, olamulira ambiri wagwetsedwa kuchokera kumpando wachifumu. nkhondo katundu amapirira Bruce mtundu, ndi chifukwa iwo akhala zosemphana ndi Fuko Cumming.

Robert Bryus mwankhanza anapha Dzhona Komina, ndi pokhapokha ngati mkangano wa fuko la mwake. kupha Izi Bruce bwinobwino chitakonzedwa njira zawo korona. Pamenepo olamulira ogwirizana a Scotland mpingo analengeza iye mfumu yatsopano ndi coronation inkachitika mu Skåne March 10, 1306. M'malo Ndinkakhala "Stone yaimfa", umene unali wopatulika coronation mwala wa Chi.

coronation

Tsiku auspicious wa coronation a m'deralo ambiri odala moona mtima. Kusaina chikalata pa coronation kunatanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha - Scotland sakufuna kuona Edward 1 wolamulira mwini. Choncho, tsiku lomwelo ndi kuyamba nkhondo yomenyera ufulu.

Robert zowawa kulephera ochepa kenako banja lake anagwidwa ndi British. Bruce yekha anathawira malo ambiri. Papa panokha unachotsa iye, koma ngakhale mfundo imeneyi sizinaimitse Chi, ndi kugalukira awo zooms yekha. Robert Bryus anabwerera ku dziko lake February ulendo pali mphamvu zonse kupanduka.

njira kumpoto

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kupanduka Edward 1 kutsatira miyezo kuyeza zambiri, ndipo anaganiza kutsogolera asilikali kumpoto, ndi kale kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

Mwatsoka, maloto ake onse awonongeke, chifukwa anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Izo zinachitika Suli kutali ndi malire ndi Scotland, ndi onse anaima anaganiza kupitiriza mwana wake.

1 Eduard anafa mwadzidzidzi, kotero mwana wake anali kukhwimitsa kwambiri, ndi kamodzi ife kutenga zinthu mu manja awo, pamene asilikali ake sanali anagonja kwambiri.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Chi ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu England asilikali pang'onopang'ono Finyani kupitirira Scotland.

Kuzindikila mfumu

Scotland Mfumu msonkhano yamalamulo choyamba mu 1309. Ndiyeno, ngakhale kuti iye anachotsedwa, ulemu wake anazindikira mwa Scottish atsogoleri mfumu.

Roberta Bryusa asilikali anayamba kulamulira ambiri a dziko, ndi British anali m'madera pang'ono.

Bannockburn malo palokha anagonja yaikulu chifukwa ndi kumene Chi asilikali a England, chiwerengero cha asilikali amene anali kwambiri kuposa asilikali a Bruce.

Kuwonjezera Scotland, ndi British ndi Irish kumenyana monga mgwirizano anali kutha Scotland ndi Ireland. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, Ireland analibe ufulu kusiya ogwirizana pa chifundo cha mdaniyo, chotero mphamvu zina zothandiza Chi.

Mu 1315 ndi mng'ono Robert anamuzindikira ndi mfumu Irish. Union of Ireland ndi Scotland anabweretsa kwambiri bwino, koma British sanali ndithu mophweka. amanyansidwa awo anali kulephera kwa anagwirizana mayiko. Ikulu kugonjetsedwa European asilikali a Scotland ndi ku Ireland, ndi wolamulira Irish aphedwe.

polimbana ndi British

Ngakhale onse zolephera awa ndi imfa ya mbale wa Mfumu, Nkhondo ya wodzilamulira zinatha. Robert ndi asilikali ake sinditi kupereka. Kulamulira Chi anasamukira ena a dziko. The British anayesa kuyamba wachiwiri zikuluzikulu mseru kuyembekezera kuti ziyenda bwino, koma mapulani awo kachiwiri anawonongedwa. asilikali Scottish litalanda otsutsa kale, kotero iwo ankayenera kuti ndigwire chimachititsanso onse ndi kugonjetsedwa.

Robert Bryus ndi zovuta pang'ono kuganiza pangano nkhondo ndi France. Patapita chaka anakhala woyamba, amene, motero, ndipo kenako anapitirira korona.

Kodi komaliza pofuna British anapangidwa mu 1327, koma mwamwayi, kampeni awo idatha kulephera. asilikali Scottish kwathunthu unawononge- Northumberland ndipo kachiwiri anafika pa mayiko a Ireland.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, England anakakamizika kulemba pangano, amene amati za ufulu wa Scotland. Tsopano Scotland salakwa anakhala unkalamuliridwa ndi Robert Bryus anapeza mfumu yake.

zinthu zonse za dziko mapeto pamalo banja Davida Bryusa (chaka zinayi mwana Roberta Bryusa) ndipo Joan Plantagenet (seveni chaka mlongo wa Edward III).

positi mortem

Wotchuka Mfumu ya Scotland anapambana kuchuluka kwa mfundo yachilendo, komanso kupambana nkhondo. Koma ngakhale zimene anachita zonse ndi zigonjetso, iye anali wokhoza kuchita cholinga wake wokondedwa. Robert ankafuna kuti akonze maziko amphamvu za boma Scotland, kuti sangathe kumanga.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iye anayamba kudwala matenda lowopsya - khate (khate). Mwatsoka, pamene panalibe zipangizo lilipo chifukwa kusakonda ndiponso kuchiza munthu, chotero iye ankayenera kuti kupirira izi nokha moyo ndi kupirira mpaka mapeto. Iye anakhala pa nthawi Cardross, pa gombe kumeneko ndipo anafa.

thupi, pa pempho la Scotland, m'manda mu Dunfermline, ndipo mtima wake anagwidwa Melrose. Patapita nthawi zochitika zoopsa kudutsa Scotland odukaduka kwambiri nthano, anthu, ndipo analemba ndakatulo, ndakatulo, nkhani ndi zina zotero. D. onse a mipukutu imeneyi Mfumu zimachitika mphamvu mfiti kapena wolamulira zakuthambo, amene anapatsa anthu ake ufulu, nsembe paokha.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake mzera wa mafumu a. korona ankadutsa mdzukulu wake pa mbali ndodo yokulungako ulusi - Robert Stewart.

mkazi wachiwiri

Elizabeth de A Burgh bwino ngati mkazi wachiwiri wa mfumu ya Scotland. Pa panali nthano zambiri pakati pa anthu ndiponso asilikali Scotland, kumene iye anatchuka kwambiri.

Iye anabadwa mu Dunfermline, kumene, monga mukudziwa, Robert anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake. Anali mwana wa Wamphamvuyonse Richard de A Burgh, kotero m'banja lapamwamba angachulutse udindo wake mokwanira.

Ndi Robert Bruce Elizabeth de A Burgh akadali anakumana pa bwalo English, ndipo mu 1302 anali okwatira.