Rabbi - munthu amene asadziwa kuphindula chilamulo cha Ayuda

Mawu "mphunzitsi" wa umachititsa ambiri mavuto. Amene adayitana Ayuda - mlaliki, wansembe, kapena ndi bwino kudziwa Torah munthu? Funso limeneli layankhidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsutsana. Kuti timvetse bwino, tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa pamodzi.

Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "mphunzitsi"

Kumvetsetsa, amene Ayuda angatchedwe rabbi, kumbukirani kuti liwu lachiHebri loti "Rabbi" amatanthauza "Ambuye" kapena "aphunzitsi anga." Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala ntchito poyerekezera ndi aphunzitsiwo ndi atsogoleri auzimu - ndiko kuti, amene ankasiyana ndi nzeru zake choncho amayenera mtima makamaka mwaulemu.

Kungoona mbiri yakale, anati akuti adayamba ntchito za 1. N. e. Ngakhale ophunzira New Testament mwaulemu akunena za Yesu: Rabbi. Ndipo mu nthawi ya Talmud, Rabbi - chizindikiro amagwira ntchito mu bungwe kapena m'buku la Talmud Academy kuti aliyense amene wogwidwa kuphunzira zokwanira, mukhoza kusankha zambiri m'munda wa malamulo.

Kodi kulipira ntchito Rabbi

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, a rabbi woyamba sanalandire ndalama chifukwa cha msonkhano uno, ndipo chifukwa amakakamizidwa kuchita malonda kapena ntchito ina Kuti n'zodalirika. Landirani malipiro kuchokera kwa anthu ammudzi akanangokhoza amene anakhala mphunzitsi, kapena amathera masiku lonse m'mabwalo zolemba za arabi.

Ngati mumayesa mwachidule chimatanthauza chiyani ntchito yaikulu ya mphunzitsi anali, tikhoza kunena izi: Mphunzitsi - munthu amene bwino anaphunzira choncho ndi kuphunzitsa ndi kutanthauzira chilamulo cha Ayuda. Kwa iye kotheka kufunafuna njira ya aliyense akuwuka mkangano malamulo.

Arabi ndimachita adzalemekezedwa ndi anthu, khomo anthu achiyuda, ndi maudindo ena chifukwa ichi. Choncho, pofika cha m'ma 15. Ayuda ndi osankhidwa mphunzitsi ndi malipiro malipiro zonse, ndipo iye anapitiriza adzatenge Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwanso woyang'anira maphunziro ndi malamulo a ntchito chakudya (kashrut), kapena zinthu zina ofunika.

Kodi mphunzitsi ankalalikira?

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito yolalikira ndi amishonale ntchito kale m'gulu ntchito ya mphunzitsi, monga Chiyuda palibe chinthu choterocho. Koma mu mmudzi pa nthawi imeneyo mphunzitsi - zambiri komanso cantor, Mohel (munthu kuchita mdulidwe wa anyamata akhanda Ayuda) kapena Shoher (slaughterer amene amachita nyama mwambo). Kuti si mwachindunji, koma mogwirizana kwambiri ndi zofunikira za Torah Arabi anagwira kudziwa chipembedzo m'dziko lake.

The mphunzitsi analankhula zambiri ndi monga nthumwi ya m'deralo aboma kuti kumasonyeza ntchito monga kutolera misonkho.

M'madera zikuluzikulu mu utumiki anali Arabi angapo. Ndipo mu Isiraeli ndi UK Mwachitsanzo, pali kalekale mphunzitsi wamkulu wa dziko, dera ndi mzinda.

Ntchito za Arabi ku Russia

M'mayiko onse kumene gulu Ayuda, arabi kuchepetsa ntchito yawo ku chipembedzo ndi sukulu. Rabbinate zambiri m'gulu kugonjera boma, ndipo ntchito yake ndi Malamulo wapadera kapena malangizo.

Choncho, Tsarist Russia izo polima m'chilamulo 1855 yomwe inkafuna anthu akufotokozera atsogoleri a, wophunzitsidwa mu sukulu zolemba za arabi kapena maphunziro ambiri mabungwe zasekondale ndi ukachenjede. Ngati oyenera awa sizinayende, lomwe anthu analoledwa kuitana asayansi Ayuda ochokera m'mayiko (ulamuliro otsiriza linathetsedwa mu njira yake).

Rabbi la Russia amayenera kudziwa German, Polish kapena Russian galamala. qualifiers munthu, maboma azigawo aikidwa ndi akuluakulu, ndipo anakhala otchedwa boma rabbi. Koma chifukwa chakuti, monga ulamuliro, anthu awa analibe kudziwa zofunika kukumana ndi kuchititsa miyambo ya chipembedzo, pamodzi ndi iwo m'deralo, palinso anali mphunzitsi wauzimu, osankhidwa ndi anthu yokha.

wosankhidwa wake kwa zaka zitatu ndi kuwonjezera pa miyambo ya kulambira amaika udindo kuchita kubereka, komanso kusankha mapeto kapena kuvunda kwa ukwati.

Arabi mu nthawi yathu

Mu Russia ano, ngakhale m'mayiko ena a dziko, lero Arabi m'madera pansi munthu atabvala udindo wa "Supreme kapena mphunzitsi wamkulu." mutuwu ntchito mtsogoleri wa anthu achiyuda anali mtchatho mu 1990

Kutsindika chachikulu ntchito ya mphunzitsi wa kukuchitika pa ntchito yophunzitsa ndi chikhalidwe. Udindo waukulu ntchito imene anapatsidwa ndi atsogoleri a chipembedzowo, ulaliki, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa zochitika za anthu achiyuda.

Mu nthawi yathu, Rabbi - makamaka m'tsogoleri wauzimu amene osati limaphunzitsa Torah ndipo amadziwa ovuta amafuna achipembedzo, komanso akhoza kupereka yankho kwa funso lirilonse kapena kuthetsa ndi zosangalatsa mavuto. Rabbi akhoza kukhala munthu wamakhalidwe ophunzitsidwa. Koma apa ndi kusunga ufulu n'zovuta. Ndipotu, munthu aliyense apita kwa iye akuyembekezera Council Rabbi, osati zochokera chondichitikira, komanso nzeru anatenga kwa zaka zambiri.