Philippics - ndi chiyani ichi?

Philippics - kulankhula yamoto, tirade kumudzudzula mawu. Mawu amenewa mbiri kugwirizana ndi okamba awiri otchuka m'dzikoli wakale - Demosthenes la Greece ndi Roma Cicero.

nkhani za m'mbiri: Philip II

Mmodzi wa zilembo zazikulu za 4 m'ma BC, dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky ndiye amene kudalembedwa kwambiri mabuku ndi mafilimu ambiri anajambula. Komabe, chimodzimodzi otchuka anali bambo ake, Philip II (382-336 BC. E.), yemwenso anali wankhondo wamkulu ndi ziwembu. Macedonia a m'mayiko kumpoto kum'mawa kwa dziko la Agiriki. Kummawa, kumalire ndi akunjawo-Thracians, yomwe ili patsogolo pang'ono frighteningly zigawenga Persia. Ndipo chifukwa malo ake Hrs pa Makedoniya anapanga chilankhulo yeniyeni Chigiriki, kumene kunali mawu ambiri wakunja.

Macedonia ankaona osauka boma conventionally lachitukuko, ndi kupha izo, onse amene sanali aulesi yekha. Ngati sikudali wopondereza Philip II, anachokera ku mtundu wa mafumu otchuka Chimakedoniya, dziko kuti Kungoti analekanitsidwa. Pa 23, anakhala mfumu ndipo anapambana mbiri wina wamphamvu. malo analimbitsa chifukwa chakuti kupambana mayiko analanda Athens oyambirira, ndipo anasonkhanitsa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu, ndipo anayamba kuukira anansi ake.

philippic ndi chiyani?

Otchuka ku Atene wogwira Demosthenes (384-322 BC. E.) Ndi chilakolako amenewa ndi mkwiyo anavumbula zisudzo za Philip Mfumu ya ku Makedoniya, mdani wa demokalase ku Atene, dzina lake anali maziko a renaming "protivomakedonskih" maonekedwe "diatribes". Izi aipirwa diatribes. dzinali amakopeka ndi wotchuka Roma wogwira - Cicero kuti ulaliki wa milandu ndi Mark Anthony , nayenso, unadziwika ngati "philippics".

malankhulidwe anakwiya wa Demosthenes

Mutu wa woyamba anali diatribes moto kuitana Atene kukana. Demosthenes analimbikitsa Atene kukhala okonzekera nkhondo, kuyesa kuwasonyeza kuti akuvutika chifukwa cha zolakwa ndi kulephera kwa mfumu Filippa Makedonskogo. Iye anakanitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mercenaries la asilikali a ku Atene, ndipo akufuna chilengedwe cha mphamvu kusintha asilikali adzakhala Macedonia pontho akhanzonda asilikali Filipo. Philippics - ndi mokhudza ndi wokwiya kulankhula, ali ndi mphamvu pa kumvetsera kwa. The mlandu woopsa kwambiri mfumu ya Macedon anali kuti anaswa mfundo za pangano mtendere zaka 346.

Yotsatira (wachiwiri) philippic - anali Potsatira anthu achiwawa a Philip ndi gulu lake mu Aatene ogwirizana mzinda. Wachitatu kulankhula mopsa mtima Demosthenes anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kulankhula mwaluso wake, adafunsira kanthu osasunthika ndi Filipo ndi liwiro ankayembekezera mphamvu kwa anthu a ku Atene. Macedonia ndi Athens anali kale De belligerents facto. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti Filipo anali woyamba omwe aswa mtendere.

Chachitatu philippic - izi ndi zopambana malankhulidwe andale a Demosthenes, amene zinthu ngati wandale otchuka wa Athens ndipo anali suzerain wa ku Atene zandale, mtsogoleri mokhudza za kagulu kamene odana ndi Chimakedoniya, amene anaitana kugalukira ku Atene ndi Filipo.

philippic chachinayi komanso zimachitika Demosthenes, akuganizira kuitana kwa kutumiza akazembe ku Athens ku Perisiya, koma pali ena kukayikira olemba ake. Modern Ozhegova Mtanthauzira lingaliro ili motere: anakwiya diatribe. Mawu akuti anagwiritsa ntchito olemba mabuku Russian monga Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov ndi ena.