Pedagogical vuto ndi chitsanzo cha zochita zawo. Njira zothetsera mavuto zovuta pedagogical

Taganizirani chitsanzo cha zinthu pedagogical ndi kuzithetsa. Mwina mafunso awa simungathandize koma nkhawa pafupifupi aliyense. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthu ndi kuti aliyense wa ife mwina kholo lanu kapena mnzanu wamkulu kapena wachibale wina, choncho, nthawi ifenso timalimbana ndi ana kapena zokhumba achinyamata, zolakwa aakulu kapena ndewu zachiwawa.

Malinga ndi akatswiri odziwa, ngakhale zovuta zochitika pedagogical (ndi chitsanzo cha njira zawo adzakhala pansipa, ndi mmene) sali m'gulu kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu akatswiri kulimbana nawo akadali zotheka. Kuchita izi, inu angofunika kudziwa malamulo zikuluzikulu ndi malamulo.

Nkhaniyi itithandiza kulankhula za mmene kupeza chinenero achinyamata. Za chigamulo cha zinthu pedagogical kusukulu, monga, ndithudi, ndi kunyumba, tikambirana ku mfundo za sayansi view.

Gawo 1. Kodi vuto kuchita pophunzitsa?

Mkubwela kwa njira situational mu maphunziro a ana akupitiriza anamva mawu akuti "zinthu yophunzitsa" ndi "ntchito pedagogical." Kodi zikutanthauzanji mawu awa? Kodi n'zotheka kuziona ngati mbali ya chinthu choterocho monga vuto maphunziro?

Choyamba, tiyeni tiyese kuchimvetsa.

Choncho kuphunzitsa zinthu - ndi zambiri zochitika moyo, mfundo ndi nkhani kuti chikanachitika mu njira ya ntchito katswiri wa mphunzitsi kapena namkungwi ndi wafunsira ntchito zina ndi zinthu psycho-pedagogical amene amafuna kuvomerezedwa zina.

Zochitika zina wanthawi zonse chiphunzitso anakumana nthawi zambiri amalola aphunzitsi kapena makolo mwamsanga kupenda zimene ophunzira (mabanja), kudziwa vuto ndi zabwino kuti mulithetse.

Mwambo (sanali muyezo) zochitika pedagogical (ndi chitsanzo cha njira zawo, monga Motero) ndi zovuta choncho amafuna yaitali kuchotsa, ngakhale nthawi zina kukhala Osamva ndithu.

Udindo wa zoterezi phunziro ndi kufufuza njira yophunzitsira ndi zoopsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Yankho akusonyeza palokha. Ndi mavuto ngati mungathe kuwona mphamvu akupezeka ndi zofooka za zinthu zonse.

Gawo 2. Zimene zinthu psycho-pedagogical. Kodi maziko?

Chifukwa chachikulu imeneyi ndi mwambo umene zayamba chifukwa cha zinthu aliyense mabvuto chilengedwe sukulu. Chotero mikangano zambiri angabuke mwambo:

• kusakhutira m'kukoma kuyabwa kapena maganizo oipa kwa munthu kapena chinthu;
• kusiyana chifukwa chosowa kugwirizana ndi kufanana maganizo kapena malingaliro;
• kutsutsidwa mu mawonekedwe kupikisana kapena kukana zochita aliyense chilichonse;
• kauntala - kanthu, kumathandiza maonekedwe a zochita zina;
• kusiyana chifukwa cha kuphwanya ubale wina kapena chinachake.

Gawo 3. The kanthu chachikulu pamene detects nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo njira pedagogical zinthu

Mulimonse zotsutsana amafuna chilolezo, ndi ntchito ya mphunzitsi ndi kuchita sitepe ndi sitepe mwatsatanetsatane cha zochita zawo.

Zinthu zimenezi zingachitike mwadala kapena mwangozi. Koma, mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa chimene iwo ayenera kuthetsedwa nthawi ndi mosamala, amaganizira zofuna za magulu onse mkangano. Kuchita izi, ndi njira yapadera kwa kuthetsa mavuto zovuta pedagogical.

Pa kudziwika mfundo zofunika kufotokoza za mavuto enieni maphunziro ndi kudziwa chikhalidwe cha wokhutira. Analysis ndi zochita za zinthu Zimathandizanso kudziwa chikhalidwe cha nkhondo ndi zopanga ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe analandira ndi kusanthula ndi katswiri akhoza kusankha njira yeniyeni ya chiphunzitso.

Kusankha njira zothetsera kumadalira zinachitikira katswiri wa mphunzitsiyo, komanso maphunziro ake kwambiri ongolankhula ndi othandiza. Kwambiri kuti ndi kuthetsa mikangano ndi luso bwino agwire mphunzitsi kudziletsa kusinkhasinkha ndi kufufuza zochita ndi zosankha zawo.

Aphunzitsi amene yaikulu akatswiri zinachitikira ndi ukatswiri, makamaka sayenera sitepe ndi sitepe mwatsatanetsatane zochita zawo. Koma aphunzitsi achinyamata, njira imeneyi kungathandize ntchito ndi ana pamene mukufuna kusankha mwamsanga ndi bwino zinthu pedagogical ku sukulu, mwachitsanzo, kapena sukulu junior mkulu.

4. Pozindikira Unit zinthu

Pa tsiku la sukulu mowirikiza interacts ndi ophunzira ndi chinayang'ana mavuto osiyanasiyana. ZIMAKHALA akatswiri njira zothetsera zinthu zovuta pedagogical ali kunapezeka zaka, kuyambira pamene nthawizina inu kukhala zovuta.

N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Chinthu ndi ophunzira tsiku ndi tsiku zovuta kutsatira malamulo ndi kumvera malamulo a aphunzitsi, koteronso kukhale kuphwanya dongosolo mu chilengedwe sukulu, mikangano, madandaulo ndi zina zotero. D.

Kachitidwe koyamba - kupeza mfundo. Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsi anaona wophunzira sukulu ya pulayimale asokoneza mpeni chipongwe pa makwerero. Kapena mmodzi wa ophunzirawo anali kumenyana ndi mnzakeyo pa recess kapena analephera kutsatira udindo wake, komanso mphunzitsi atadziwa.

Gawo 5. Chitsanzo zinthu

chochitika ndi bwino kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndi mutu, zomwe zidzalimbikitsa kuthandiza kupeza akamanena za kusagwirizanako. Kufunafuna choonadi zofunika kukambirana ndi ngakhale mtsutso.

Apa titsiriza zinthu kuphunzitsa. Zitsanzo atha kutsogolera kalekale, ifenso yosanthula Mwachitsanzo, vuto chivundi wa miyendo chipongwe, imene tingati ndi monga izi: "Ndi kosatheka"

mphunzitsi anayenda pansi pa makwerero, mwangozi anaona wophunzira ndi penknife ndi kuyesera kudula miyendo chipongwe. Powona mphunzitsi, mnyamatayo anathawa, kuiwala ngakhale jekete pa Intaneti. Chirichonse chimene chinachitika Mphunzitsi wina anauza mayi a mwanayo, amene sanakhulupirire kuti mwana wake angachite zimenezi. Iye anakhulupirira kuti mwana wake bwanji mlandu, ndipo anachitira anyamata ena, chifukwa amakhala nyumba ndi kuti ndi wokongola wangwiro malo ake onse m'banja mosamala ndi molondola ikukhudzana bwanji ndi zinthu ndi mipando.

Pa funso la mwana mayi anavomereza kuti ankafuna kuyesa mpeni wake. Taganizirani mmene ndi mkwiyo wa mwanayo, pamene mphunzitsi adamfunsa iye kuti kudula pa desiki kapena mpando kunyumba. Iye anali wotsimikiza basi kuti sangathe atachita, chifukwa tebulo anagula bambo ake.

Pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa zithunzi za zinthu izi, inu mukhoza kupita kwa kuwunika.

Gawo 6. Waukulu pedagogical zinthu kindergartens ndi sukulu

Turnkey njira zinthu pedagogical ndi mayankho a mafunso onse kupeza kovuta. Ndipotu, ngakhale aliyense msinkhu amakhala ndi milandu yake muyezo.

Ana a zaka kusukulu ya pulayimale, mwachitsanzo, yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Yabednichestvo, chidzudzulo ndi madandaulo. Ana amadziŵa kuti anzawo kukhala ndi maganizo oyipa ndi yabednichestvu ndi chidzudzulo. Komabe, ophunzira zonse kudandaula aphunzitsi: "Ndipo kenaka ananditengera ..."; "Ndipo ine izo anabwerera ndi ..."; "Ndipo iye anakankhira ine", ndi zina zotero. D.
• Nkhondo, brawl. Zimayambitsa kupulupudza ndi chiwawa cha mwana poyerekezera ndi china nkhope: chifukwa chosiyana maganizo ndi malingaliro; chifukwa cha chilakolako kubwezera, kuima kapena kuzivomereza, ndi zina zotero. d. Khalidweli wayamba kutuluka ndi kukula mphamvu akadali zaka sukulu oyambirira. Kenako, yemweyo kungakhale yaikulu kwambiri psycho-pedagogical mavuto.
• Kuphana. Kubverana ana okha pa mfundo ya "Ine ndinakuuzani inu, inu muli ine" ambiri ndipo anathandiza ana. Koma kuwombola popanda malamulo imfayo mikangano ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kutchuka, umbombo ndi mkwiyo, zikubweretsa mavuto nkhondo.
• Mantha. makalasi ana aang'ono imvera tanthauzo la kuopa. Iwo amaziwopa makolo, aphunzitsi, alendo, nyama, etc.
• Akhaipisa zinthu. ana ambiri ananyozedwa zinthu payekha ndi ena anthu, aipsa iwo.
• Nicknames ndi nicknames. M'masukulu, ana ndi akulumikizana ndi mzake kuitana wina ndi mnzake nthawi zambiri mayina awo koma ndi nicknames, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi cholinga kunyozedwa.

Izi dongosolo pedagogical zinthu (ndi chitsanzo cha njira zawo si chilengedwe) akhoza kusamutsa kalekale.

Gawo 7. Kodi kupenda nkhondo molondola

Bwino kupenda pamwamba Mwachitsanzo zinthu pedagogical zokhudza kuwonongeka kwa katundu sukulu, muyenera kupeza mayankho a mafunso otsatirawa:

• Ndani ophunzira waukulu mu chochitika ichi ndi kukambirana?
• chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi chiyani?
• anali ndi cholinga kuti achite chiyani?

Chochitika chachikulu ndi chipani kwa wophunzira. Ndi zinthu ake amanena mosamala koma modekha oipayo amawononganso katundu sukulu. Pa mtima za nkhondo kusagwirizana. The mnyamata ankakhulupirira kuti machitidwe ake si mwake malamulo analandira khalidwe. Ngakhale zikuonekeratu kuti kufunika kuteteza chuma chawo komanso anthu. zochita zake iye wachita mosadziwa, chifukwa iwo sakuzindikira kuti akuphwanya malamulo.

vuto Pedagogical, monga iwo amati, lodziwikiratu. Zikuoneka kuti bambo anapereka mwana wake penknife, osati anafotokoza cholinga chachikulu cha nkhani imeneyi.

Gawo 8. Kodi ntchito ayenera kukonza mu malo oyamba

kusanthula chochitika kumathandiza molondola zopanga vuto, imene tiyenera kuunikila kwambiri. Pambuyo kudziwa kufunika poyamba pa chisankho chawo ndi mapeto. Mu chitsanzo chathu, pali ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kuthandiza mwana kuzindikira kulakwa kwake m'tsogolo, iye sanali akuchita zinthu;
• kusonyeza kuti timvetse bwino makolo analeredwa imene mukufuna kulabadira makhalidwe a mogulitsa ndi olondola: mwanayo amafunika chithandizo mouma, osati zinthu zawo, komanso kwa anthu ena;
• wodziwa kucheza ndi ana m'kalasi, kumene anaphunzitsidwa ndi mnyamata, ndipo musanyalanyaze nthawi imene ophunzira kusokoneza zinthu.

Gawo 9. Njira yothetsera mavuto pedagogical

Mbali ovuta kwambiri Atapeza vuto - ndi kusankha workarounds.

Tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti mphunzitsi ano wapatsidwa kovuta. Kumene, ndi anthu amene zochita ndodo kumeneko, koma akadali bwino anamvetsa. Ndi kupyolera chigamulocho zinthu maphunziro mphunzitsi interacts ndi ophunzira, kumene kuli mwa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi mwana za zochita zake zenizeni ndi ntchito.

Ngati tipita ku chitsanzo chathu pa zimenezi, tikuona kuti makolo angamulerere mwana, zolakwitsa zinalengedwa imene inachititsa kuphwanya malamulo ambiri amavomereza khalidwe. Choyamba makolo kulakwitsa - iwo sanaphunzitsidwe mwana kusamalira zinthu alendo. Kulakwitsa chachiwiri - bambo anga, kum'patsa mpeni, sanafotokoze cholinga chake. Pankhaniyi, mphunzitsiyo amalangiza makolo kukambirana ndi mwana wawo zinthu, kumuthandiza kumvetsa kulakwika lopunthwitsa wake, kulankhula za kuikidwa kwa penknife m'tsogolo, pamodzi ndi bambo ake kukonza chotchinga.

Komanso ntchito yophunzitsa kumadalira Mwachangu ntchito kuloleza ntchito pedagogical.

Unit 10. Zitsanzo njira

Choncho, monga iwo amati, pali vuto kuphunzitsa. Zitsanzo njira ngati imeneyi ndi ofanana milandu, kukambirana pansipa. ndi peculiarities wa psyche ndi khalidwe la ana, makamaka achinyamata chiyani?

• Ana unyamata yodziwika ndi nkhondo, anafotokoza ngati kutsutsa anthu, kuuma. Kwa iwo, view ndi anzake kwambiri kufunika ndi akulu kuposa malingaliro. Njira yabwino kunja zimene - kuyesetsa kuwamvetsa, ndi chifukwa cha khalidwe kuganizira maganizo awo, kupereka ufulu zambiri ankalamulira, mgwirizano.
• Chiwonetsero cha nkhawa, wosakhazikika boma maganizo, mantha, manyazi kapena kulephera kulankhula ndi anzawo. Kodi kuchita? Yesetsani kuyerekeza ndi ena, ntchito kukhudzana thupi, kulimbikitsa kudzidalira, kupatula kupanga ndemanga za mwana (pokha pokha kwambiri), kukhala chitsanzo chilichonse. Komanso mu nkhani iyi ndi bwino kukakamiza mtsikana nawo mpikisano aliyense ndi ntchito, kutenga nkhani liwiro la.
• Kuba, kuba zinthu za anthu ena. Kudziwa zimenezi aphunzitsi ayenera kukambirana ndi mwana wanu, yesetsani akhutire kufunika kubwerera zinthu mwini kupepesa. Kuti akathandize, inu mukhoza kupita naye, koma monga mnzake chete. Ngati kalasi amadziwa zimene zinachitika, muyenera kukambirana ndi ana awo chikalata zoipa. Iwo ayenera kumvetsera maganizo a wina aliyense, ndipo pamodzi kupanga mapeto. Ana ayenera kudziwa kuti zimenezi ndi oletsedwa.
• Mabodza, chinyengo. Pa kudziwika chinyengo mfundo anakambirana ndi mwana ndi kufotokoza zinthu zina zotsatira zoipa kwa iyeyo komanso kwa anthu ena. Chinthu chachikulu kuti anazindikira kuti bodza kumayambitsa imfa ya kukhulupirira anthu owazungulira.
• Kusungulumwa, kudzipatula chiopsezo amphamvu, otentha mtima ndi irritability. Mothandizidwa ndi Kukambirana kuthandiza mwana wanu tichotse awa matenda a m'maganizo ndi maganizo, fotokozani mmene awo yosalala ndi kugonjetsa. Gulu kuyesera kuti atamande wachinyamata komanso kutsindika makhalidwe ake abwino.
• Kutsogolera negative. Ndi mwana woteroyo ndi bwino kutsutsa saletsa, sizipanga ndemanga kutsogolo kwa ena. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kupeza naye ndi abwenzi, kukuuzani inu momwe kukhala mtsogoleri woona amene ali ndi ulamuliro.
• Chiwonetsero cha sukulu "akuvutitsidwa" - chodabwitsa chikhalidwe, m'kukoma mtima mwamakani ndi chizunzo dala, nkhanza nkhanza ndi manyazi ana ena pamaso pa anzawo. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mphunzitsi anaona chodabwitsa sayenera kuganizira ichi ndi kugonjera review anthu. Iwo akhoza kusintha atsogoleri kwambiri azitengapo ndi wovulalayo wake, amene nawonso, adzachititsa wozunzidwayo kumva zambiri odzikayikira ndi manyazi. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa chitukuko cha zinthu, kusintha maganizo ndi maganizo a kulenga. Chifukwa cha maphunziro komanso pazikhalanso chitukuko cha chifundo - chifundo boma maganizo a munthu wina.