Osadziwika ndi ma radiation. Mitundu ndi zizindikiro za ma radiation

Kulikonse kumene ife tikuzunguliridwa ndi magetsi a magetsi. Malinga ndi mafunde awo, akhoza kuchita mosiyana ndi zamoyo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kupepesa mochulukirapo kumaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala osadziwika, koma nthawi zina amakhala osatetezeka. Kodi zochitikazi ndi ziti, ndipo zimakhudza bwanji matupi athu?

Kodi ma radiation osadziwika ndi chiyani?

Mphamvu zimagawidwa mwa mawonekedwe a tizilombo tochepa ndi mafunde. Mchitidwe wa kutulutsa ndi kufalitsa kwake umatchedwa radiation. Mwachikhalidwe cha zomwe zimakhudza zinthu ndi ziphuphu zamoyo, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu imasiyanitsa. Yoyamba - ionizing, ndi mtsinje wa zigawo zapakati, zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kutaya kwa ma atomu. Zimaphatikizapo radioactive, alpha, beta, gamma, X-ray, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi ma Hawking.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa ma radiation umaphatikizapo ma radiation osadziwika. Ndipotu, izi ndi mafunde a magetsi , omwe kutalika kwake ndiposa 1000 nm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatulutsa osachepera 10 keV. Amakhala ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala ndi kutentha.

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba, kutentha uku sikusintha ma molekyulu ndi maatomu a chinthucho, chomwe chimakhudzidwa, ndiko kuti, sichiphwanya maunyolo pakati pa mamolekyu ake. Inde, pali zosiyana apa. Motero, mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, mazira a UV akhoza kuyambitsa chinthu.

Mitundu ya ma radiation osadziwika

Magetsi a magetsi amatanthauzira kwambiri kuposa ma radiation osadziwika. Ma X ray ndi ma gamma zamagetsi amakhalanso ndi magetsi, komabe amakhala okhwima ndipo amadziwongolera. Mitundu yonse ya EMR ndi yosadziŵika, mphamvu zawo sizokwanira kusokoneza kapangidwe ka nkhani.

Kutalika kwakukulu pakati pawo kuli mafunde a wailesi, omwe maulendo ake amamera kuchokera pamwamba kwambiri (kuposa 10 km) kupita ku ultrashort (10 mamita - 1 mm). Mafunde a mpweya wina wa EM ndi osachepera 1 mm. Pambuyo poyerekeza ndi wailesi, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatentha, kutentha kwa mafunde kumadalira kutentha kwa kutentha.

Kupanda kudziwitsidwa kumawonanso kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ultraviolet. Choyamba chimatchedwa optical. Mitundu yake imakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi miyezi yambirimbiri ndipo imapangidwa pamene matupi amatha kutentha. Mazira a ultraviolet ali pafupi ndi x-ray, kotero akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yodziwitsa. Pakati pa 400 mpaka 315 nm, chidziwitso ndi diso la munthu.

Zotsatira

Zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zingakhale zachilengedwe komanso zachiyambi. Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu zachilengedwe ndi Sun. Amatulutsa mitundu yonse ya ma radiation. Kulowera kwathunthu kwa dziko lathu lapansi kumayendetsedwa ndi mlengalenga wapadziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha mpweya wa ozoni, chinyezi, carbon dioxide, zotsatira za mvula yowopsya imachepetsa kwambiri.

Mafunde a wailesi, mphezi zachilengedwe zingakhale ngati zachirengedwe, komanso zinthu zina. Mazira a moto omwe amatha kutentha amatha kutulutsa thupi lililonse kutentha, ngakhale kuti miyendo yayikulu imachokera ku zinthu zopangira. Choncho, zikuluzikulu zake ndi zotentha, zowonongeka ndi nyali zamtundu wamba, zomwe ziri m'nyumba iliyonse.

Mafunde a ma wailesi amafalitsidwa ndi magetsi onse opangira magetsi. Choncho, zipangizo zamagetsi zonse, komanso zipangizo zothandizira pa wailesi, mwachitsanzo, mafoni a m'manja, ma satellites, ndi zina zotero zimakhala magwero opangira zinthu. Mazira a ultraviolet amagwiritsa ntchito nyali zozizira zamtundu wa mercury, zamagetsi, zowonongeka.

Zotsatirapo pa anthu

Mafunde a electromagnetic amawonekera ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi maulendo. Kuchokera kuzinthu zonsezi, mphamvu ya mphamvu yake imadalira. Kutalika kwina, mphamvu zochepa zimagwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizowopsa. Zotsatira zovulaza kwambiri za ma radiation mumtundu wa decimeter-centimeter.

Kupanda ma radiation omwe amawonekera kwa anthu kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse thanzi, ngakhale kuti muyezo wokwanira akhoza kukhala wothandiza. Mazira a ultraviolet angayambitse kutentha kwa khungu ndi diso la cornea, chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana. Ndipo mwa mankhwala ndi chithandizo chawo amapanga vitamini D3 pakhungu, samatenthetsa zipangizo, amawononga madzi ndi mpweya.

Mu mankhwala, miyendo yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kagayidwe kake ka magazi ndi kusakanikirana kwa magazi, kusungunuka kwa mankhwala. Ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumatha kuuma kwambiri maso, ndipo pamphamvu kwambiri - ngakhale kuwononga khungu la DNA.

Mafunde a ma wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafoni ndi mauthenga a pawailesi, kayendedwe ka maulendo, kanema ndi kanema. Kuchita nthawi zonse kwa maulendo a wailesi kuchokera ku zipangizo zapakhomo kungapangitse kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la mitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kusokoneza dongosolo la mtima ndi kubereka.