Olakwika za Russia ndi Russian. Pirirani balalaika a. matryoshka Russian

zoimira zowombetsa mkota khalidwe la timazindikira dziko. timatengera ndi kugawira ambiri olakwika za chikhalidwe ndi chiyambi cha zomwe n'komwe za miyoyo yawo. Izi kwakukulukulu zikugwirizanirana ndi maganizo a anthu a mitundu ina ndi okha poyerekeza ndi iwo. Tikambirana kodi olakwika zazikulu za oimira Russian a mitundu ina, kumene anachokera ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ali chimodzimodzi.

Lingaliro la olakwika

Tonsefe ndife zonse kugwera mmene moyo wofanana ndi timachita nawo pafupi zofanana. Pamaziko a ichi ndi olakwika kupangidwa, T. E. The chonse gulu chili ina chinthu, chodabwitsa, munthu, fuko. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti iwo ali apachiyambi mu mawonekedwe ake, ndipo iwo simungapeze olakwika, koma mwamtheradi si choncho. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti anthu kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za khalidwe lathu chifukwa cha zithunzi izi zowombetsa mkota.

Stereotype - ndi chosavuta mmene chitsanzo cha khalidwe zinthu mobwerezabwereza. chitsanzo ichi ndi chifukwa cha zimene zinachitikira gulu la anthu. Pali mitundu, ntchito olakwika banja. Iwo ankasewera ife ndithu mosalingalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri udindo wawo kutsogolera zovuta pamoyo wathu. Features zigwirizana olakwika mwa bata awo, si zikhulupiriro kapena maganizo, zomwe zikhoza kusintha ndi kupeza chinthu chachilendo. zitsanzo zimenezi zimakhala zoimira mibadwo yambiri ya anthu, iwo anakonza folklore ndi mawu a anthu kapena magulu. Komabe, iwo ali amenable kukonza ndi kasamalidwe, ndipo tiona amene ndi mmene amachitira izo. Olakwika kuphimba mbali zonse za moyo wathu: moyo, ubale anthu ndi magulu osiyana, maganizo ndi zinthu, ntchito yokha. Choncho olakwika za Russia, kuti umachitika ndi ochokera m'mayiko akunja - ndi Mipikisano mlingo chifaniziro cha zikhalidwe za kulenga, khalidwe dziko, gulu la moyo m'dziko lathu. Koma pa olakwika chomwecho - ndi nthawi yokha chiwembu, wosalira view wa chodabwitsa lapansi. Iwo yolimba otchulidwa yeniyeni, ndi kosavuta kuloweza ndi kubereka iwo.

olakwika ntchito

Mu psyche anthu palibe mwangozi kapena zosayenera. Olakwika kuchita zosiyanasiyana ntchito, ndi iwo ali ofunika kwa ife. Magwero a zodabwitsazi amagwirizana ndi mtima wofuna kupulumutsa chuma cha thupi. maganizo athu - ndondomeko mkulu-mtengo, kotero psyche akufotokozera njira kusamalira chuma. Olakwika amakulolani kuthamanga khalidwe pulogalamu zinthu mmene popanda polumikiza kuwunika ndi kulingalira. Ife sitikusowa nthawi iliyonse kuganizira mmene tingachepetsere Ikani ichi kapena icho chodabwitsa. Ife kale yankho zamzitini ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito. Choncho olakwika za Russia - izi ndi monga chitsanzo zithunzi za ife anthu a mitundu ina. Mu stereotype izi, ngati chitsanzo chilichonse, zimatithandiza ndi schematizes chodabwitsa.

Komanso olakwika ntchito monga kusakanikirana ndi socialization gulu. M'pofunika nadzawasankhula chithunzithunzi chakuti anthu ammudzi chikhalidwe watenga munthu kwa "awo". Timasiya kugwira ntchito chikhalidwe intergroup magawano, kuthandiza anthu kuzindikira mamembala awo gulu ndi akunja. Iwo ali ngati mfundo za gulu, kukhalabe kufunika kwake. Olakwika akuthandiza kusankha chikhalidwe mudziwe otaya ndi zinthu zochepa ndondomeko chidziwitso. Umu ndi mmene olakwika za ntchito Russian mu West, iwo adzakuthandizani msanga kumvetsa mlendo, kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi ife. Kuyambira kale, olakwika ndi njira lamulo chikhalidwe, iwo amathandiza anthu pamodzi, mwachitsanzo, mwa boma, kusiyanitsa mfundo makhalidwe awo alendo.

molakwa

Mbiri yakale, olakwika - chitsanzo khola khalidwe zinthu mobwerezabwereza. Iwo anapanga mu mchitidwe anthu, anakonza khalidwe ndi kukumbukira. Kugwiritsa zitsanzo nthawi ndi chosavuta ndi mosavuta tinatengera. Mwachitsanzo, stereotype kuti ukhondo wa nyumba kuonera mkazi, anapanga zaka zambiri mu moyo wa anthu, ndipo lero palibe aliyense akuganiza. Za mkazi mbuye ndi amaweruzidwa ukhondo kunyumba kwake, koma palibe amene adzakhala yemweyo i adzagwiritsa ntchito kwa munthu. anapanga chabe ndi chifaniziro mitundu ya anthu ake ndi ena. Olakwika za Russian anapanga chifukwa cha m'dera zaka zakubadwa ndi iwo nzika European. Ndipo ngati azungu zambiri anafuna kugonjetsa Russia, ndi anthu wamba kupewa anthu a dziko anayamba kukakambirana katundu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zoipa, kuchenjeza ana awo ku ngozi ya ankati anafunsa ndi Russian.

Chiyambireni cha m'zofalitsira malonda mapangidwe ndi kukonza wa olakwika mitundu izo anaikidwa pa mtsinje. Choyamba iwo anali kutumikira boma mfundo mu Europe ndipo kenako United States. Mutha kuona kuti olakwika a Russia pa TV yachilendo anadzazidwa ndi makhalidwe oipa pa mkangano wa Russia ndi limati zina. Media mawonekedwe "mdani fano" kuti apambane thandizo la anthu ake mu Kulimbana Russian.

Chitsanzo olakwika alendo za Russia

Mutha kuona kuti m'zaka 20 inakhazikitsidwa malingaliro za Russian M'zikhulupiriro Western monga akhakula, boozy, mtundu oipa. Kuti olakwika awa anali yoona zithunzi imayendetsedwa zithunzi mbadwa ya Russia monga dziko ndi chipale chofewa, zimbalangondo, ndi zina zotero. N. Kuyambira kale apaulendo kubwera ku Russia, anapanga kuchokera muno awo lingaliro zokhudza dziko lino. Popeza kuti iwo ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kuzizira vuto, khalidwe Russian, ndiye anabwerera kwawo, iwo anamanga mawonekedwe kulankhula za izo. Olakwika zazikulu za Russian mofunitsitsa kwambiri chitidwe ndi atolankhani Western ndi chikhalidwe otchuka. Mu dziko lathu zikuoneka ngati dziko lodzala zimbalangondo, matalala, vodika ndi anthu ndi zidole komanso balalaika. Komanso, azungu amakonda kuganizira sizimadziwika Russian mtundu, amene si khalidwe la kumwetulira ndi ubwanawe. Zikomo mabuku Russian, akamba za "mwachinsinsi Russian moyo" ndi "maganizo samamvetsa." Anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku America konse mu Russia sanali mosavuta kudalira maganizo simplistic, makamaka chifukwa ena mwa iwo mofunitsitsa mothandizidwa ndi anthu Russian.

kudzachitira

Chifanizo cha Russia ngati dziko limene misewu kupita zimbalangondo, unapangidwa kalekale. Ngakhale azambiriyakale kwa zaka za m'ma 19, anakhala chiyambi kafukufuku ndipo anazindikira kuti fano ili kwenikweni chinachititsa. Pa gawo la dziko lathu zakhala mwambo wa chimbalangondo, anachitira Lazaro anali chimake cha mzimu. Zinali totem nyama kwa anthu a dziko lathu, chimbalangondo wakhala mutu wa m'nthano. Ndi kubera Mpingo Orthodox anathandiza stereotype Pawokha dziko. Kamodzi pa pafupifupi chilungamo wakhala mwambo kusonyeza amuna nkhondo ndi zimbalangondo, njira kuonetsera luso lawo. Komanso, nyama zimenezi anachita kwa lachisangalalo kwa omvera. Choncho panali chimbalangondo ndi balalaika ndi, Russian ngati njira zosangalatsa.

Kwa alendo kubwera ku dziko wathu, kukumana ndi chimbalangondo anali ndi mantha kwenikweni, kotero iwo adzabwerera ndi mantha anauza a anachita izi "zachilendo Russian". Tikumbukenso kuti Russia amasangalala kuthandiza stereotype ichi, nthabwala zambiri pa nkhaniyi.

kuledzera

olakwika zambiri zokhudza Russia ogwirizana ndi mowa wamphamvu. Russian kwenikweni chakudya chilichonse kwa yolandirira alendo ochokera m'mayiko ena limodzi ndi ntchito ya chakumwa. Komanso alendo akanatha kuonera phokoso nkhondo, nyimbo ndi gule wa amuna aledzera alendo, ndipo ngati kawirikawiri zilili ndi olakwika, adayala zitsanzo izi kwa mtundu wonse. chithunzi ichi chakhala anathandiza mwachangu ndi atolankhani Western pa mapangidwe maganizo ofooketsa kwa dziko lathu. Kulimbikitsa stereotype ntchito ndi chakuti Russia anapita kudziko lina, nthawi zambiri amalola kumwa kwambiri ndi khalidwe lake sumalamulidwa.

Pakuti mfundo Western mphatso chenicheni chinali khalidwe la Pulezidenti Boris Yeltsin, yemwe ankakonda kumwa. Propaganda chitsanzo chake kulimbitsa malingaliro alipo za Russian ngati munthu woledzera.

ozizira

Russian yozizira mlendo, makamaka amene ankakhala ku mayiko ofunda - ndi losaiwalika kwambiri. Popeza olakwika amakonda kugwila ndi mavuto amene kutengeka, zinachitikira kumverera ozizira chimakhala chizindikiro cha Russia. Anthu otentha mu Europe mosavuta akuimilira dziko lathu lalikulu chipale anaphimba pansi, pamene izo ziri zonse ozizira ulamuliro. Chipale chimakhala chizindikiro chifungulo cha boma. Ndipo anthu amene angakhale ndi moyo wotere, wapatsidwa makhalidwe makamaka. Iye sangakhoze basi mofanana Mwachitsanzo, Italy kapena Ahelene. stereotype Izi anapanga kalelo, pamene ojambula choyamba kwa anthu a kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi Russia.

matrioshka

Ngakhale kuti Russian kukaikira mazira chidole - chizindikiro chimene chiri kuzindikira padziko lonse, chidole izi sanabwere m'dziko lathu, chatifika ku China. Koma chithunzi ichi ndi organic kwambiri khalidwe Russian ndi Catholic wake ndi collectivism. Komanso, iye anali kachikumbutso abwino, ndi mu masiku a misa zidole zokopa alendo kukaikira mazira akhala mphatso ambiri ku Russia. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri okha Russian, amene anabweretsa kanjedza ngati kunja n'kuzipereka kwa alendo. Kuwala ndi mawonekedwe wapadera zimasonyeza, maganizo njira zosavuta kukumbukira choncho chabe stereotyped.

balalaika

Anthu a Yairo anali pang'ono zida zawo zoimbira, mmodzi wa iwo ndi balalaika. Izo zinachokera pa maziko a kasinthidwe mtundu Asian nakhala ambiri m'zaka 17. chida ndi organic kuti khalidwe Russian: n'zosavuta mbuye, kupereka mwayi waukulu chifukwa improvisation. M'zaka za m'ma 18, aliyense chilungamo wakhala chimbalangondo ndi balalaika monga njira zosangalatsa anthu akudzera kugula. Popeza ambiri a alendo woyamba kubwera ku Russia, anali ochita malonda, iwo mumakumbukira nthawi za dziko ndi pa chilungamo. Choncho, pali olakwika ambiri: kuledzera, chimwemwe mosadziletsa, balalaika ndi zimbalangondo. stereotype izi, ngati zidole kukaikira mazira, palibe wokhala zoipa, ndi chizindikiro lililonse m'dziko muno maso a alendo.

Bakuman Russian Soul

mabuku Russian wachita kwambiri mapangidwe malingaliro za dziko lathu. Tsopano tiyeni tikumbukire wotchuka kwambiri Russian olemba Pushkin, Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy. Mosachotsera, iwo ayesetsa kumasulira chinsinsi cha moyo Russian. Choncho, olakwika mwachizolowezi za Russia muli zithunzi izi. Mwa njira, mtundu nayo kwambiri kuthandiza nthano imeneyi, ndipo amawachitira izo. Alendo komanso savuta thanani onse khalidwe lachilendo Russian kuposa kumvetsa khalidwe lathu ndi kuyang'ana kwa iye kuwafotokoza.