Nsembe kuphulika ku Kamchatka: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi mfundo

Kum'mwera, pa Kamchatka Gorelinskom gawo ndi phiri lomwe yogwira Fungo. Iye ndi membala wa paki South-Kamchatsky. dzina lake chachiwiri - anawatentha phiri. Wapadera zachilengedwe chipilala ili makilomita 75 kuchokera Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

nkhani

Pafupifupi zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo malo pano kuphulika chishango kuphulika ili kukula yaikulu, imene inkatchedwa moto primordial. The awiri maziko ake kuposa makilomita atatu. Pansi pa madziwo yake ya vertex gawo kenako waponya, ndipo anapanga caldera 10 × 14 Km. Iwo anapangidwa ndi zotsalira za kuphulika wakale, ndi ang'ono miyala lokwera.

Kuphulika anapitiriza kuchokera pansi pa caldera anapanga kudzera unyolo zimaphala. Iwo magawo pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono ophatikizidwa cones. Umu ndi mmene khamu la makono a elongated, amene ali ndi zigawo slag, mchenga ndi chiphalaphala.

Kuphulika mpaka patapita nthawi yaitali. Posachedwapa, asayansi analemba mu 1986. Ash plume ndiye linayambira ku Nsembe kwa Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kudzera Avacha Bay. Ilo linali pamaso zachilendo kwambiri: m'dziko kumzinda anatambasula mzati wa utsi wakuda.

Today Nsembe kuphulika (Kamchatka) ali ndi "nyumba yakale," womwe chimakwirira kudera la makilomita oposa 650. Iwo umachokera kwa imachokera kwa mitsinje Paratunka mafuta Asacha kuphulika ndi phiri.

Kufotokozera kuphulika

Fungo yogwira chiphalaphala amene kutalika mamita 1829, ili kum'mwera kwa pachilumbachi. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi nyumba ziwiri: wakale chishango woboola pakati, pamwamba chimene korona trinadtsatikilometrovoy caldera, komanso masiku ano, zomwe ndi stratovolcano zovuta.

nyumba zamakono, kudera la 150 sq. Km, ili mu mzinda wa caldera lapansi. Iwo makamaka wapangidwa lavas ndi balzatovogo mtundu andezitbalzatovogo. Nyumba iyi akufanana ndi mtundu wa kuphulika kwa mapiri Hawaii Koma pamwamba yake anapangidwa ndi unyolo zimaphala, ndi malo otsetsereka pali makumi atatu cinder cones ndi chiphalaphala solidified.

Kapangidwe ka khamu la

Ridge kutalika pafupifupi atatu makilomita mu unyolo zovuta ongokhala zimaphala khumi. Zonsezi ndi kuphulika Fungo. dzina lake zonse amasonyeza dongosolo panopa phiri - Nsembe Ridge.

lomenyera Izi aumbike pamphambano ya mapiri chiphala. Mu expanses zedi malo otsetsereka wayikidwa nyanja, otentha mpweya fumarole ndi pafupifupi makumi asanu cones slag.

Chigwa East

zimaphala angapo chokhala zitsime, ndi anthu, imene akutali kuphulika kale zinachitika, lero wodzazidwa ndi nyanja acidic. Zikuphatikizapo East Chigwa. pansi pake kukula kwa theka kilometre amatenga kwambiri buluu nyanja. Wazunguliridwa ndi phompho ovuta dvuhsotmetrovuyu. Gawo la izo aphimbidwa ndi ayezi akuyandama.

Nkhani ina Chigwa ichi angatchedwe mphamvu yake kusintha ake "khalidwe" pa ntchito chiphala. Pamene madzi mu nyanja ndi buluu, dziko mkati ozizira. Pankhani boma kuphulika predaktivnoe, nyanja limatanthauza "zithupsa", kusintha ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu.

The Chigwa yogwira

Gorely ndi Chigwa wina womwe. Njirayi imatchedwa Amalalikira. pansi pake wodzala ndi zimalimbikitsa asidi m'nyanja lalanje, ndi zimatengedwa gombe ake fumaroles. Chigwa ichi ali ndi mawonekedwe a fanulo amene m'mimba mwake ndi mamita 250. Chigwa kuya - mamita 200.

Zinafika ndi ngozi chifukwa cha makoma ake anagwa, ndipo mlengalenga ladzala ndi sulfure gasi wakupha.

West Chigwa

Pansi pa Chigwa glacier okwanira zomwe zinagwira mtsinje. Wasefukira mbali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa caldera, chimene chinapanga mathithi angapo ang'onoang'ono.

yamphamvu

Chidwi ndi Chigwa zoterezi dzina zachilendo. Inkakhala pa otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa phiri, ali zonse zozungulira mawonekedwe. awiri ake ndi 40 m.

chisa Chigwa cha

Ndi mtundu wa lonse "banja". Pa pansi pa Chigwa wakale awiri: a kudula yopapatiza la Chigwa cha, nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe elongated, komanso chozama.

Chiphalaphala umayenda burgundy, losweka nthawi pansi caldera ndi, yokutidwa ndi wakuda chiphala mchenga, - kumanga ake amapereka kuganiza za kuphulika Fungo yoopsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo modabwitsa malo okongola.

yachonde

No zochepa chidwi ndi yachonde ndipo kuphulika. Ndi pafupifupi lopanda zomera. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi otsika Titafika pamalo zitsamba. Pano padziko pali chiphalaphala utuluke wakale, pabuka mtundu, amene losweka mchikakamizo cha nthawi.

chithunzi ichi pa alendo ambiri imandikumbutsa maganizo a Mars mwachinsinsi. Zikuoneka kuti dzikoli izi Sangathe kukhala.

phanga

Kwa zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, otaya chiphalaphala chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula kani, popangidwa ndi kuphulika yogwira analenga mwala minda lonse, zomwe zili kumpoto kwa chamoto. Wosanjikiza chapamwamba nthawi chiphalaphala alimbitse pa otaya, ndipo anapitiriza otaya mkati.

Chifukwa cha zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe masiku ano amadziwika anapanga mapanga chiphalaphala chamoto Nsembe. maulendo mlungu oyenelela kwa Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, kuti aliyense akhoza kuona nyumba izi wapadera.

Palimodzi kuphulika Nsembe ndi m'mapanga khumi ndi zinayi. Ali ayezi "pansi" ndipo anawasema ozungulira. kutalika ranges ku sikisitini kuti meters wani handiredi ndi forte. Mukhozanso alendo anayendera tsopano isanu ndi umodzi iwo.

kuphulika

Cha m'ma hafu otsiriza phiri linaphulika Nsembe kasanu yekha. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza lajambulidwa kuphulika ofooka yekha kuti anali kumasula wambirimbiri mafuta, mchenga ndi phulusa. ntchito wotsiriza unali m'chilimwe cha 2010. Iwo chikwiyire dontho mu mlingo wa nyanja, fluctuation malasha dothi ndi mpweya. Iwo anali kuonekera ngakhale mu Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri Fungo akusonyeza mphamvu zake zodabwitsa ndi mphamvu, n'kumatulutsa chiphalaphala umayenda padziko woyaka, amene anatambasula pa mtunda wa makilomita khumi. Ndipo ngakhale pa tizigona khamu la amakhala ndi olimbikira ntchito fumarole.

Kukwera phiri Fungo

Tsiku limodzi ulendo phirilo Fungo - ulendo ophweka koma umasinthasintha kuona tsiku. Iye adzabweretsa kwambiri a chisangalalo ndi zithunzi kwambiri. Gulu ndawala Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky amatanthauza alendo a mibadwo yonse. Zimatenga gawo, ngakhale ana ndi anthu thupi maphunziro osiyana.

Pakuti kukwera simuyenera kukwera zida ndiponso maphunziro apadera. Mwa njira, kukwera phiri Fungo nokha, nawonso kupanga. Petropavlovsk msewu mungathe kufika caldera wa kuphulika Nsembe (kuyambira m'ma July).

Ulendo amatenga tsiku lina. Pa kukwera wokha, komanso mbadwa akhoza kutenga maola asanu. Road to Caldera amatenga maola 3 4. Izo zimatengera pamaso pa chisanu ndi njanji zinthu.

Mu nyengo bwino kuchokera pamwamba chamoto alendo Fungo akhoza imodzi kuona zinatha ndipo yogwira angapo mapiri: Mutnovsky Zhirovsky, Asacha, Vilyuchinsky, Opala, kum'mwera - Priomysh, Khodutka, Ilyinsky, Zheltovsky kumpoto -Arik, Aag, Avachinskiy, Koryak, etc. - gulu Zhupanovsky mapiri Dzendzur mapiri Tolmachevo Dale.

Travel Zokuthandizani

1. Ngati mukufuna ulendo phiri Fungo, ndikuganiza pasadakhale za nkhuni. Pamalowa kuwapeza inu simungakhoze. Wood akhoza m'malo mpweya burner.
2. Mverani kwa kusankha hema - ziyenera asathe. M'dera la mphepo kuphulika amphamvu kwambiri.
3. Nature m'dera limeneli ndi osalimba kwambiri, kotero maluwa m'dera bwino kusangalala basi kutenga photos, koma osati kuswa iwo, ndi udzu ochepa ndi udzu sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa moto ndi.