Kubalana maluwa a nyanja. Maphunziro nyanja kakombo (chithunzi)

Sizimadziwika dziko la moyo m'madzi, lodzala ndi zodabwitsa. Ena a iwo, pamodzi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi algae kupanga wapadera minda m'madzi. Crinoids - ndi nyama benthic, osati zomera, monga zikuoneka pa koyamba. Iwo ali echinoderms lapansi.

Anthu maluwa nyanja

kalasi si malo kwambiri yogawa. Mu nyanja dziko ndi pafupifupi palibe malo sanachingamire crinoids. Pali pafupifupi 700 mitundu ya nthenga-nyenyezi. The Russian madzi m'madzi anthu 5 okha a mtundu wawo.

Crinoids anthu nyanja zonse. Kuzama kwa iwo moperewera. Iwo onse mofanana bwino. Koma zambiri za nyama amakonda kukhazikika mu ofunda madzi nyanja ndi m'nkhalango ya moti matanthwe, ili yakuya osaya (mamita 200).

Mitundu ya maluwa nyanja

Crinoids kalasi ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya nthenga-nyenyezi - ankatsatidwa ndi besstebelchatymi. anthu onse, kaya akhale a mtundu wawo, amagwira osiyanasiyana zinthu womvera madzi. Ankatsatidwa crinoids, molimba phesi chilichonse, nthawi zonse mu udindo uwu. Zone kagayidwe kachakudya awo zimasokoneza kutalika pa tsinde limene iwo zikugwedezeka.

Besstebelchatye kakombo, mosatsata thandizo, tapeza ufulu wa kanthu. Iwo anachoka kwa gawo lapansi, ndi wakutheker kugonjetsa mtunda pang'ono. Akuyandama nyama chifukwa cheza, ntchito ngati chipsyepsye a. Komabe, phesi wopanda cholembera nyenyezi mu citukuko sudzatha Ufumuyo phesi sitepe. Mbali imeneyi ndi kubalana a mitundu onse a maluwa nyanja zimawapatsa pamodzi.

mafotokozedwe kwachilengedwenso

Mu dzina la kalasi ya nyama Greek mizu. Crinoids (Crinoidea) anamasuliridwa kuti "ngati maluwa." Ndipo ndithu, mwa anthu linali la kalasi iyi, thupi wosangalatsa, monga duwa zobiriwira. Kufanana kwa maluwa kumawonjezera zokongola ochekenera thupi nthenga nyenyezi. Nditamuona nyanja cholengedwa chokongola, ndipo ine ndikufuna kuti chithunzi cha iye. Crinoids - wokongola yokongola m'madzi minda, amene ankagwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha mlengi wanzeru - chirengedwe.

Crinoids kapu woboola thupi M'mimbamo m'kamwa pakati. Kwa chikho anakweza cheza nthambi (manja) ndi whisk. Ife ankatsatidwa crinoids zaikidwa pansi pa chikho phesi limakula ndi kutalika mita imodzi. Petiolus chonyamulira ndi zokhudzana lateral (cirri) zaikidwa pansi. Besstebelchatye maluwa basi makina cirri, malekezero a amene anapereka ndi serrated kapena "chiombankhanga". Chifukwa iwo besstebelchatye anthu gwiritsitsani pansi.

Nthenga-nyenyezi anali echinoderms yekha, amene anatha kusunga khalidwe lathu awo makolo a thupi. Dorsal mbali iwo amamatirira pansi, ndipo pamwamba kuti amaperekedwa ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa anatembenuka oposa. Maziko a dongosolo la matupi awo atayikidwa njira zisanu zozungulira chosokonekera. Thupi popangidwa ndi Mphamvu zisanu angathe chulukanani mbali ndi mawonekedwe pa 10-200 "manja onyenga." matabwa The Amawapatsa nthambi angapo lateral (pinnulami).

Chifukwa cha corolla zokula mokwanira anapanga mtundu wa maukonde kuti limagwira zomera ndi detritus. Cheza nkhanza mbali mkati Amawapatsa ndi grooves muco-ciliary, amene kusanduka M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Kamodzi chakudya chimawaletsa pakamwa pake. Calyx pa m'mphepete ku mbali ya kukwezedwa conical ali okonzeka ndi kutsegula kumatako.

Ndimapanga Mbali yokhala ngati mafupa kunja zimathandiza zigawo. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri: endoskeleton cheza ndi phesi. Nyama zimenezi benthic ali tentacle, mantha ndi ubereki (amachititsa kubalana a nyanja maluwa) dongosolo. M'mimbamo-ray kudutsa pa tsinde ndi nthambi ya machitidwe onse anasankha.

Crinoids kwa anzawo osati zochokera khalidwe la dorsal-m'mimba pakati mzere kuti umadutsa nyama zonse, komanso masanjidwe kunja. Tentacle zigawo za dongosolo mu cholembera-nyenyezi m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, sanaloŵe ampoule, pakuti kulamulira miyendo. Iwo sapezeka nyama ndi madreporite.

kubalana

Tiwachitiranso anthu kubalana maluwa a nyanja. echinoderms Awa ndi nyama dioecious. mankhwala kugonana kugwera anthu pinnuly kuti zili pafupi ndi chikho. Male zambiri choyamba jetted umuna pinnul ntchito mabowo wapadera.

khalidwe lake kumabweretsa kukondoweza kwa wamkazi, alibe ducts aliyense maliseche. Lake pinnuly tinafa, ndipo akugwa iwo mazira. dzira umuna chikuchitidwa mu madzi, ndiyeno iwo kuwasandutsa mphutsi doliolyariyu mbiya. Kotero pali kubalana maluwa a nyanja.

chitukuko doliolyary

Patapita masiku 2-3 doliolyariya akukhala pansi. kudula nsonga zake chimalimbikitsidwa pa gawo lapansi, ndi zinthu zonse olimba ndipo ngakhale awo okoma mtima mwini.

Pakutayika cilia awo, izo zimakhala lokhazikika.

Gawo pentakrinusa m'kukoma chikho pang'onopang'ono akuwonetseredwa dongosolo zisanu zisonga. Phesi chikamakula, kuwonjezera, kukhala milimo Ufumuyo litayamba ukuwonjezeka. Doliolyariya akuyamba amafanana kakang'ono nthenga nyenyezi, kudula pa tsinde la. kukula kwake zimasiyanasiyana mu imeneyi cm 0.4-1. Cold kozizira madzi kupangira mphutsi kukula kwa masentimita 5 m'litali. Pa nthawi doliolyariya anawonjezera, kusiyanitsidwa mu phesi ndi chikho, amene kenako anapanga pakamwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi chitukuko a mphutsi tsistoideynaya ikutha.

Kusiyana chitukuko cha magulu

Ngati kubalana maluwa a nyanja ndi chitukuko cha mphutsi za chimodzimodzi, pambuyo akamaliza siteji pentakrinusa mu magulu awiri crinoids zina kusasitsa umayenda mosiyana. Ankatsatidwa anthu, zamangidwa malo amodzi, tenga zigawo watsopano tsinde la. awo kutalikitsa tsinde amakhala ngati Ndalama zachitsulo (kwa vertebrae munthu kuziluka pa wina ndi mnzake).

Vertebrae ndi kulumikiza makina amene amathandiza minofu. pakati tsinde chinamulowerera njira, kumene misempha kugona ndi kubisa ziwalo zina. Cirri anakonza m'njira ziwiri: mwina padziko phesi, kapena pa maziko ake.

Munthu amapeza kufanana zosaneneka ndi maluwa kuti zoona, kuonetsa zithunzi angapo lowoneka. Crinoids ano umatheka ndi zotalika osiyana, kaŵirikaŵiri okha 75-90 cm. Ndipo mafupawa zimayambira kutalika anafika 21 m. Nthenga nyenyezi amakedzana anali weniweni zimphona.

Besstebelchatye kakombo akufotokozera mosiyana. Patapita mwezi ndi theka chikho paokha wosweka ku tsinde, tiyeni tiwolokere momasuka. Phesi afa kenako.