Non-onse olowa katundu kampani: Nkhani za kucheza, kulembetsa

M'deralo ntchito kumeneko sanali anthu olowa makampani katundu. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha kusinthidwa zokopa kwa Civil Code anatengedwa. Kodi n'chiyani? Kodi mitundu ya mabungwe mu Russia anaonekera malinga ndi iwo? Kodi kuwomba dzina lolondola wa sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu, ngati ife titi kuchita malonda mu chimango cha mawonekedwe malamulo a bungwe? Tidzayensa mafunso awa ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kuganizira mfundo zina zabwino kwambiri chidwi kuti awulule akamanena za zaluso malamulo.

Lamulo latsopano

Chodabwitsa sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu, zatsopano kwa Russia. Mawu amenewa waperekedwa basi ena kusintha malamulo ikuchitika September 2014. Ndiye kubwera mu mphamvu ena kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code. Malinga ndi iye, olowa katundu kampani ya lotseguka ndi kutsekedwa monga mitundu ya mtundu malamulo amakampani analandira dzina lina. Tsopano, kumbuyo kwa mawu ena - ndizo "anthu" ndi "wamphamvu" anthu. Kodi iwo akuimilira?

Tsopano makampani onse monga mabungwe magawo ndi sheya kuti anayikidwa mu mtundu lotseguka (kapena ankagulitsa pansi pa malamulo a zochita malamulo malamulo sheya zolowa). zina mabungwe malonda - CJSC ndi OJSC - omwe si sheya mu ufulu kufalitsidwa, anapatsidwa udindo wa "wamphamvu". dzina lawo zikumveka ngati "kampani olowa katundu", popanda owonjezera iliyonse. Onaninso kuti mtundu wa bungwe amakampani, monga ODO, sanali, mfundo, palibe chimene wachinsinsi ndipo anathetsa. Choncho, kampani anayamba mu September 2014, ayenera moyenera anadzatchedwa. Latsopano Inenso ntchito udindo womwe ndi lamulo.

Mokoma terminology

Mu lamulo latsopano palibe liwu limeneli kuti kumveka monga "kampani si onse olowa katundu". Motero, mawonekedwe malamulo monga CJSC, sanapatsidwe analogi mwachindunji. Komabe, ngati gulu nawobe m'matangadza, ngati osati akuthamanga malonda a mfulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "si onse kampani olowa katundu" ndi iwo N'kutheka mwa njila mwamwayi. Poyankha, kampani, imene palibe magawo (yekha likulu ovomerezeka) akadali.

Choncho, muyezo waukulu "nkhani" - m'matangadza malonda momasuka ndi sheya ena. Komanso, akatswiri amanena kuti si zofunika kwenikweni mbali ina. "Ufalitsidwa" JSC, kuwonjezera, ayenera zimaonekera hayala ake.

Komanso dziwani kuti latsopano mabungwe malamulo kukonzanso kulembetsa kubweretsa maina awo mu mzere ndi kusinthidwa safuna kuchita mwamsanga. Komanso, kukhazikitsa ndondomeko sikutanthauza makampani kulipira ndalama boma. Chidwi mfundo - ndi kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code, anatchula, akhala anayambika ndi maulamuliro mwamsanga 2012.

Ltd. - ndi kampani sanali anthu?

Mu kulemekeza ngati gulu malamulo a mtundu malonda, monga kampaniyo, m'nkhani ya kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code pali bokosi lapadera. Pa dzanja limodzi, mu kope latsopano Code a Company tsopano wachinsinsi monga makampani omwe si onse, pamodzi ndi "wakale" CJSC. Komano, zina chakudya cha Civil Code silinenapo za kusintha mthupi mwawo. Choncho, kampani - zikuoneka kuti "sanali anthu kampani" ngati Company, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati woima gulu malamulo mawonekedwe kumalo a ntchito.

mitundu itatu makampani

Choncho, zimene tili ku mfundo Kusintha kwa lamulo? The Russian ndi zitatu zazikulu za mabungwe.

1. Public olowa Stock Company

Awa ndi makampani kuti ndi magawo, onsewo mu ufulu kufalitsidwa. Mulimonsemo, ichi "wakale" JSC.

2. awiri subtypes makampani omwe si onse:

- AB, amene alibe mukuchita ufulu kufalitsidwa (zingakhale monga "wakale" CJSC ndi OJSC ndi ankafika mu kugulitsa masheya), Mwamseri - "sanali anthu olowa katundu kampani";

- Company popanda magawo.

Anaumba ODO anathetsa. Pakuti Makampani amene anatha kulenga mu udindo uwu, tsopano ntchito ranges kampani.

mokoma kukonzanso kulembetsa

Kodi inu muyenera kuchita ndi kale olembedwa mayina Makampani? Kodi muyenera kucheza renaming malinga ndi malamulo atsopano a Civil Code? Maloya kukhulupirira kuti alipo, pa maziko a zili malamulo a kusinthidwa kwa Code. kuti pa 11 ndime 3 Article la chilamulo zogwirizana Sinthani dzina gulu la anthu amene akhala analenga asanayambe kulowa mu mphamvu ya kusinthidwa, ndi zizindikiro za anthu amalowa chimatengedwa ngati zimenezi. Nawonso Company simungakhoze kachiwiri mayina, koma mpaka nthawi imene chifuniro kukonzanso malamulo - kotero imati 9 ndime yachitatu Nkhani Kukonzanso malamulo.

kukonzanso kulembetsa aligorivimu

Taganizirani mmene kukonzanso kulembetsa (Sinthani dzina) ndi olimba ayenera muyika mumachitidwe ngati kufunika ukadali kumeneko. Ndondomeko imakhala ya zotsatirazi zofunika.

Choyamba, kampani amadzadza fomu yofunsira mawonekedwe a nambala R13001, amene anali ovomerezedwa ndi Federal Tax Service. Kampani ndiye Mlengi amene zikalata izi kuti:

- Mphindi chokumanako a oyambitsa (ma sheya hoda);

- latsopano hayala omwe sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu.

Ntchito, monga tanena kale pamwambapa, safuna kulipira. Chotsatira - kubweretsa kuti zikalata constituent. Makamaka, ZAO chidule ndi lolingana akuti "Tatseka olowa Stock Company" ayenera anadzatchedwa JSC. Kenako, ndi zofunika kusintha kapangidwe ka zisindikizo, kusintha zikalata gombe, ndi kutumiza mauthenga ndi bwenzi awo zokhudzana ndi chakuti tsopano ndi Company - si onse olowa katundu kampani. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri ena adakali analimbikitsa akugwira renaming ndondomeko omanga ndi ndalama angathe bwino, ndi mtundu wanji wa olimba ndi, kapena azidzayenda mgwirizano. Ngakhale lamulo kusakhulupirika sikutanthauza izo.

Akatswiri ena amanena, kunena za ndime 1 nkhani 97th ya Tax Code, kuti JSC, zomwe ndi mbali ya "nkhani", anakakamizika kuwonjezera dzina lake ndi umboni kake. "Non-onse" JSC nzeru zake yekha akhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi ngati ma sheya hoda ndi cholinga kulengeza kuti sheya adzakhala ndi muzimvetsera lotseguka.

Kaundula ndi kaundula

Onaninso chakuti kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndiponso limodzi ndi chiwerengero cha malamulo wamng'ono. Kwa anthu, makamaka, kuti chimodzi mwa zilembo za Bank of Russia. Amasonyeza udindo wa mabungwe kunditumiza ku kaundula apadera - kaya poyera kapena sanali anthu olowa katundu kampani - ndi mayina a ma sheya hoda. Izi ndi zofunikira chifukwa JSCs onse, monga taonera maloya, anaphedwa ndi dongosolo la Bank wa Central. Ngati poyera kapena sanali anthu kampani m'kaundula wa ma sheya hoda komabe palibe anaperekedwa, oyambitsa ake azinyamula zingapo njira. akuti:

- kusankha kaundula, komanso kukambirana zinthu kusunga kaundula wa pangano;

- akonze mapepala zogwirizana ndi mfundo;

- pangano ndi kaundula wa;

- kuulula (ngati AO ndi akuchipatala kutero) za kampani naye;

- awadziwitse anthu amene deta alipo mu zolemba chonse;

- kusamutsa kaundula bungwe naye;

- atchule mu mfundo Wonse pa kaundula wa;

Onse njira izi kuchita Bank ku Central analamula JSC kwa October 2, 2014.

Kufunika kwa kusintha

ndi tanthauzo yeniyeni ya kukonzanso JSC ndi JSC chiyani? Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti tsopano boma akhoza kuletsa ntchito makampani olowa katundu mwakhama kwambiri kuposa kale. Makamaka, makampani onse adzakhala kafukufuku kuvomerezedwa ayenera kutenga malo, onse anthu ndi amene magawo si poyera ankagulitsa. Zilibe kanthu udindo wa masheya JSC. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ngati bizinesi monga makampani sanali anthu olowa katundu, kafukufuku amakhala ndondomeko kuvomerezedwa.

Auditor Choncho sayenera zogwirizana ndi zofuna za audited kampani olowa katundu kapena munthu ndi ma sheya hoda wa kampani. Phunziro la kafukufuku wa - kulongosola ndi malipoti azachuma. Yambani anayendera unscheduled ndi eni oposa 10% ya katundu wa kampani ndi (magawo kapena kugawana likulu). I kwa njirayi zimaonekera hayala ndi kampani.

Tiyeni tionenso kuti Civil Code anayambitsa angapo kusinthidwa zina kuti azitha amene tikambirana. Makamaka, kampani tsopano ntchito ndi anthu ochepa mu malo a Director General. Komabe, malamulo a sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu kapena "lotseguka" mnzake adzakhala ali ndi mfundo pa mphamvu za aliyense. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti yowerengera akulu akhoza kukhala ndekha kwambiri. luso lina chidwi - mitundu ina ya zochita chinajambulidwa ndi ma sheya hoda makampani tsopano kuti notarized.

Chochititsa chidwi kusintha ikukhudzana bwanji ndi Mwachitsanzo, chotero nuance, monga njira zimasonyeza mndandanda wa anthu nawo msonkhano wa ma sheya hoda. Pakuti ponseponse anthu olowa katundu kampani unakhazikitsidwa - ndondomeko kungachititse munthu amene amakhala ndi mayina a ma sheya hoda ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuchita khalidwe la ntchito ochuluka. Awa ndi zaluso. Nayenso, mu mawonekedwe a bungwe ntchito monga makampani omwe si anthu okha ndi magawo, wosunga kaundula ungakhalenso chilli wamkulu, koma ntchito yake, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito tanthauzo la zikuchokera ophunzira msonkhano angathe kudzapereka odziwitsa. Komanso, monga taonera maloya angapo, maonekedwe a njirayi akhoza komanso mayina a hayala wa kampani si onse - lamulo sakhala monenetsa limaletsa kuchita izo.

Komanso, Baibulo latsopano la Civil Code zasintha ndondomeko ya kutembenuka kwa anthu wina ndi mzake. Tsopano JSC akhoza kukhala Ltd., mgwirizano zachuma kapena zinthu mogwirizana. Komabe, JSC adzautaya yakukhala sanali phindu bungwe.

pangano Corporate

Kusinthidwa kwa Civil Code anayambitsa mu zolowa malamulo a latsopano akuti - ". Pangano makampani" Iwo akhoza optionally yotentha ndi ma sheya hoda wa kampani. Ngati iwo achita izo, ndiye ngati anthu kampani olowa katundu, nkhani za chikalata ayenera kuwuluridwa (ngakhale malamulo panopa lolamulira njirayi, sanabadwe anaonekera). Nayenso ngati "makampani pangano" "wakale" CJSC si onse olowa katundu kampani ndi kuulula mfundo ya malamulo ake sakhala mankhwala.

Kusintha malamulo

Pali zingapo zina zabwino zimene zingakuthandizeni kulabadira mwini kampani, anaganiza kukonzanso kwa hayala za bungwe. Magazini atsopano a Civil Code lili zingapo zofunika watsopano anapatsidwa chida constituent. Taonani zinthu anyamula sanali anthu chitsanzo hayala wa kampani. chidziwitso chawo zingakhale zothandiza pamene munakonza kampani latsopano, ndi kukonzanso chonse cha alipo. Choncho, mawonekedwe a malamulo a sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu pazikhalanso zinthu zotsatirazi:

- malonda dzina la gulu;

- limasonyeza chakuti ndi anthu (ngati ntchito zenizeni ndi mtundu wa kanthu kukumana);

- Ndondomeko ndi mavuto amene adzakhale audited, ndi ma sheya hoda anapempha amene ali mwini wa osachepera 10% wa masheya;

- dzina la mudzi umene kampani m'kaundula;

- mndandanda wa ufulu ndi udindo wa anayambitsa kampani;

- makamaka ndondomeko imene ena ma sheya hoda adzakhala awadziwitse ena wogwira ku bwalo ndi chonena palokha;

- mndandanda wa ufulu anapereka opanga collegial kasamalidwe olimba dongosolo;

- mauthenga okhudza kufalitsa mphamvu pakati pa nyumba zosiyanasiyana mkati amapeza.

zina zabwino zimene ena ndizo ntchito pa hayala bwanji? Mwachitsanzo mfundo iyi: pamene pali kulembetsa wa sanali anthu kampani olowa katundu, waukulu chikalata constituent si chofunika kuti mudziwe za shareholder yekha. Kapena Mwachitsanzo, zokhudza mmene kudziwa zikuchokera misonkhano ma sheya hoda - lamulo Mwanjira imeneyi amapereka eni makampani mwamseri unachitikira ufulu wachibale kanthu.

Chitsanzo labwino la sanali anthu olowa katundu kampani hayala, zimene ife tanenera, mukhoza zimatipatsa angapo chakudyacho. Komabe, zimenezi zimafuna akamakambirana a oyambitsa lapansi. Koma ngati analandira, ndi chovomerezeka kwa mupezeke chikalata kulemba zinthu zotsatirazi:

- pa ankanena mafunso kuti anaganiza pa msonkhano onse, ndi wokhoza mwa collegial kasamalidwe olimba dongosolo;

- motsimikiza milandu zotsogolera ku chilengedwe cha bungwe la kafukufuku;

- mmene Msonkhano wa ma sheya hoda 'm'njira yapadera;

- pa dongosolo la bwino chisanadze emptive kugula masheya amene mpandadenga mu chuma cha kampani;

- pa ndondomeko poganizira za Msonkhano General wa nkhani zimene, monga mwa malamulo Russian, musalekane mkati purview ake.

Ichi ndi chitsanzo yaukali kwambiri wa sanali anthu olowa katundu kampani hayala. Komabe, mokoma kiyi, amene lipindulitsa pa amalonda kulabadira, tidangokocheza.