Nkhaka Anthracnose: mankhwala ndi kapewedwe

Nkhaka - ambiri ndi otchuka mu masamba nyengo iliyonse. Misa munali zakudya (mavitamini B ndi C, potaziyamu, phosphorous, calcium, ayodini, chitsulo), ndi chokoma onse mwatsopano ndi zam'chitini mawonekedwe. A mwayi yaikulu ya masamba izi zothandiza ndi otsika caloric wokhutira 130 kcal pa 1 kilogalamu! Pakuti anthu akuvutika imfa owonjezera kulemera, nkhaka - mankhwala osavomerezeka, amene kukhoza zedi malire.

Nkhaka Matenda: Anthracnose

Kukula apamwamba zokolola nkhaka - zovuta! Powonjezera popereka masamba mulingo woyenera chisamaliro chofunika kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa matenda, zomwe m'kamphindi zingawononge zokolola kuyembekezera. maonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa zifukwa ziwiri: kuti kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira ndipo kwambiri alili usana ndi usiku kutentha.

Nkhaka anthracnose ndi imodzi mwa matenda owopsa mbewu ngati masamba, amene analandira yogawa okwana pa malire a m'mayiko ambiri. Chinkaimira mafangasi matenda, mphiri (amatchedwanso anthracnose) infects zomera kwathunthu. Pa zimayambira izo zikusonyeza mawanga bulauni omwe 'kudya kutali "nsalu moyo wa masamba, chabe kuyambitsa Kusiya ake. Masamba akhudzidwa chikasu mawanga, amene mofulumira kuwonjezera kukula; Chifukwa, ndi Dries nsalu ndi kugwa, n'kupanga kudula ngati kutsegula masamba. A chinthu zina za nkhaka anthracnose mwachindunji amasankha zipatso; kuti iwo matenda pamaoneka yaing'ono, mofulumira kukula ziyangoyango pinki mtundu, amene mwamsanga kuphatikiza mu umodzi wopanda msoko mosalekeza chilonda. Mycelium bowa likulowerera kwambiri moti Zelentsy: 3-5 mm. Nkhaka kutaya marketability awo ndi kukhala osayenera kudya.

zodzitetezera

Anthracnose munda wa ntchito si nkhaka yekha, pansi mbewu masamba chikoka kugwa kwake monga mavwende, maungu, mavwende. Anthracnose (kapena nkhaka mphiri) akhoza kuchepetsa zokolola mu theka kuwononga pafupifupi zomera zonse; matenda akhoza angapitirize dothi chomera zinyalala ndi mbewu kachilombo. Choncho, kuteteza anthracnose ayenera kutsatira malamulo:

• yake kuyeretsa ndi kutaya zotsalira za zomera ku malo pambuyo kukolola;
• kutsatira kasinthasintha mbewu pofuna kuwakhazikitsa nkhaka mu malo wakale ankafika palibe kale kuposa zaka 3;
• mbewu zosonkhanitsira anapanga yekha zomera wathanzi;
• kusankha mitundu nkhaka kuti ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda;
• etch kukonzekera mbewu pamaso kufesa;
• mankhwala nthaka, yomanga greenhouses ndi zipangizo;
• kubwezeretsa thanzi la nthaka ndi feteleza organic ndi mankhwala kwachilengedwenso.

zinthu mulingo woyenera kufala kwa anthracnose

Nkhaka Anthracnose - matenda omwe ndi ambiri amapeza ntchito yake pa chinyezi mkulu; mvula ndi mame ndi ziro kutentha kwa madigiri 4 30 - kwambiri komfornosti zinthu kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi makulitsidwe chimakhala cha masiku 4 mpaka 7. Pa kutentha + 20-25 madigiri nthawi mafangasi kusasitsa yafupika ndipo masiku atatu. Pamene chinyezi ndi zosakwana 60% sitingachisonyeze nkhaka anthracnose. Kuwonjezera conidia kubalana pa kukonkha ndi condensing ndi ulimi wothirira madzi, bowa ndi imafalira ndi kukhudzana ndi odwala zomera wathanzi, ndi kudzera kumulowetsa, umasamutsidwa ku zovala ntchito, nsabwe ndi akangaude.

Wintering bowa osati pambuyo kukolola zomera, komanso pa filimu ndi galasi greenhouses, komanso ziwembu zawo. Mbewu anasonkhana akhoza kukhala yoopsa matenda mbadwa mbewu.

polimbana anthracnose

Kuwonjezera tatchulawa zodzitetezera umalimbana popewa matenda a nkhaka, anthracnose, amene kumafunika kuti tigwire mankhwala ndi njira woyenera tingagonjetse ndi thandizo la mankhwala. Mbewu pamaso kufesa etch analimbikitsa fungicide TMTD, zochokera 1 makilogalamu - magalamu 4 mankhwala. Opaleshoni imeneyi idzachitika kwa masabata 2-3 pamaso kubzala. Action treater kukupitirira nthawi zomera wonse, ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi kulepheretsanso kuimira selo ndi mtima tizilombo bowa, zomwe zili mu zomera ndi m'nthaka. Pamaso kufesa mbewu analimbikitsanso zilowerere mu njira biostimulator "Immunotsitofit". Zimenezi amakhala njira, mitundu ya zomera kugonjetsedwa kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo mafangasi), kumapangitsa kwafalikira chikhalidwe ndi kudutsa izo zosiyanasiyana njira kwachilengedwenso.

Pa kudziwika zizindikiro chofunika kuti utsi mbewu 1% kuyimitsidwa wa sulfure colloidal ndi kuchitira 0.5-1% mphamvu Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa oxychloride kapena "Poliramom"; chotero muyeso nthawi yomweyo adzakhala popewa maonekedwe a cinoni. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbali ndi kachilombo wa 0,5% njira ya sulphate mkuwa, kenako dusted ndi makala opera, uchi kapena laimu. Ntchito masiku ano analimbikitsa wa mankhwala "Zineb" pa mlingo wa magalamu 20-30 pa malita 10 a madzi kapena "ziram" - chifukwa yofanana madzi a magalamu 30-40.

Muzu kuthirira ngati muyeso kulimbana mphiri

Pamene muzu mawonekedwe anthracnose gravies mkulu zotsatira amapereka 1% njira ya Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 0.5% njira ya "Peak Abig" pa mizu ya mbewu iliyonse. Choyamba, pamafunika nthaka zochuluka wothira madzi, ndiye uliwonse chitsamba kutsanulira njira ya mankhwala kuti mbali yaikulu wabwera pansi muzu, mpumulo - ndi tsinde (mlingo wa lita 0.5-1 pa mbewu wagawo munda). Mankhwalawa Mungathe kubwereza 2-3 sabata, ngati n'koyenera. Kwenikweni chofunika ndi kupeza njira kuteteza masamba.

No antrankozu!

Nkhaka anthracnose, mankhwalawa omwe si mu processing mankhwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso prophylactic njira adzakhala kuthana pa zochitika pamwambapa wofotokozedwa pa zovuta lapansi.