New Orleans jazi mbiri, asangalatsi. jazi nyimbo

1917 mu dziko kunasintha ndi zosapitirira chosaiwalika chimene. Pamene Russian Ufumu, iye zinali zodzaza ndi zochitika chosintha ku France Felix Félix d'Herelle chinatseguka bacteriophage, ndi ku New York woyamba chosintha Album jazi chinalembedwa mu kujambula situdiyo a Victor. Zinali New Orleans jazi, ngakhale asangalatsi anali oimba woyera, amene kuyambira ubwana tamva ndi kutifotokozera anakonda "wakuda nyimbo". mbale wawo Choyambirira Dixieland Jazz Band posachedwapa kufalitsa odyera yapamwamba ndi mtengo. Mwachidule, New Orleans jazi, anamasulidwa makalasi m'munsi, anapambana anthu mkulu kenako anayamba kuonedwa kuti ndi apamwamba nyimbo. Komabe, amaona ngati lero.

jazi ndi chiyani?

polemba chinenero ichi nyimbo unapangidwa potengera nyimbo akapolo wakuda omwe mokakamiza kusamutsidwa kwa America kutumikira Obzala mpesawo woyera. Choncho kwa nthawi yaitali jazi nyimbo ankaona kuti mtundu otsika. Ngakhale pambuyo zinatchuka mu woyera anthu a ku America, ku Germany Mwachitsanzo, anawaletsa chifukwa ankaona wochititsa Negro Ayuda dissonant cacophony. Mu USSR, izo wakhalanso yoletsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, popeza kuti "pamwamba" ankakhulupirira kuti ndi kumbuyo kwa njira bourgeois wa moyo, komanso wothandizira-wochititsa utsamunda.

Features

jazi Traditional akhoza moyenera adzatchedwa chosintha music, chifukwa kalembedwe imeneyi ndi "katswiri" za mtundu wake. Palibe mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo samaoneka mu njira ya mapangidwe mavuto ambiri ndi zotchinga. Jazz asangalatsi anali akumenya mosalekeza kwa lamanja la kuli malo awo pansi pano. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, iwo sanathe maonekedwe pamaso pa lonse, iwo Musapereke enawo ndi mabwalo. Komabe, ili ndi limodzi, ndi ubwino mwina kwambiri. Pakati pa mafani nyimbo iyi si anthu mwachisawawa. mafani woona anatenga jazi monga kaganizidwe ndi moyo. Jazz - ndi improvisation, ndi ufulu! Man ndi kaonedwe yochepa, muyezo pakati moyo sangathe kumvetsa zomwe ndi New Orleans jazi. Makamaka mabodza ake mu choona kuti ali omvera yake yeniyeni. Ndi owala, wanzeru ndi wolemera mwauzimu anthu, amene amayamikira khalidwe ndi tanthauzo nyimbo nthawi zonse.

New Orleans mbiri jazi

kalembedwe Izi nyimbo anabadwa pa mphambano ya zaka 19 ndi 20, chifukwa cha pophatikizana wa African ndi nyimbo European. Akapolo amene anabweretsa kwa America kwa Africa, ansembe, amishonale Chikristu anawaphunzitsa amaimba nyimbo. Anthu miksirovali iwo ndi nyimbo zawo zachipembedzo "spirituals". Mu malo omwera izi nyimbo pamsonkhano maganizo amajambulapo maluwa okongola kuti anali ofala m'madera onse a ku America. Kuwonjezera pa limodzi ng'oma ndi zida mphepo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi improvised accordion. nyimbo pang'onopang'ono anapambana chisoni ndi oimba woyera wa New Orleans, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi, monga taonera kale, woyamba galamafoni umboni ndi nyimbo jazi kalembedwe anapangidwa mu 1917.

jazi Age

imeneyi nyimbo mayina zaka 20 za zana la 20. Ngakhale olemba nthawi ino ife Tsopano itanani olemba mu kalembedwe "New Orleans jazi". Ndipo Makamaka F. Skott Fittsdzherald. Komabe, mu nthawi iyi, likulu la jazi anali suona New Orleans ndi Kansas City. Pali kalembedwe nyimbo kufalitsa ndi liwiro zosaneneka, ndipo izi zinathandiza kuti malo odyera ambiri ndi malo omwera, kumene jazi kuimba nyimbo madzulo. Izo zinachitika kuti ophunzira ake akhala achifwamba chachikulu ndi Mafiosi, yemwe ankakonda kucheza madzulo mu odyera. Ambiri a iwo anayamba kuoneka siteji ndi oimba dzenje limene makamu jazi gulu, wopangidwa mwa keyboardist, drummer, oimba mphepo ndi oimba. Iwo kwakukulukulu ankaimba maganizo, osati pang'onopang'ono, tingachipeze powerenga, komanso kusala. Ndipo ambiri a mwa oimba anaganiza kuyesa mwayi wawo ndipo asamukira ku mizinda ikuluikulu - Chicago ndi New York. Panali odyera, ndiponso omvera kwambiri.

New Orleans Jazz ojambula

Ndinkakhala Kansas wakuda Mnyamata wina dzina lake Charlie Parker. Madzulo, anakonda kuyenda mu mazenera lotseguka malo odyera ndi mipiringidzo akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi nyimbo akutuluka iwo. Kenako muluzi kwa masiku angapo pansi mpweya wake ndipo anaimba nyimbo awo ankakonda. Patapita zaka, iye anakhala wokonzanso a nyimbo jazi kalembedwe. Nthawiyi, kugombe la kum'mawa panali kwambiri oimba wakuda - lipenga, keyboardist ndi vocalist. dzina lake anali Louis Armstrong. Iye anali yachilendo mawu timbre Komanso, iye limodzi. Nthawi zonse anabwera pakati Chicago ndi New York, ndi wosasamala yekha monga wolowa mmalo lalikulu woimba lipenga ku New Orleans Mfumu Oliver. Posachedwapa, "Big Apple" anabwera mchikuta wina wa jazi mtundu wanyimbo - Odzola Pereka Morton. Mwaluso, iye anachita limba ndipo anali mingoli chodabwitsa. Pa zithunzi zonse iye anapempha kuti kudalembedwa kuti iye ali woyambitsa wa jazi. Ambiri anaganiza choncho. Padakali pano, oimba zodabwitsa unakhazikitsidwa ku New York, Fletcher Henderson. Pambuyo wakhala anapanga ndi ena, amene ankaoneka chimodzimodzi otchuka. Mutu wake anali mnyamata limba Duke Ellington. anayamba kufuulira kwakukulu wake orkerstr gulu.

30

Mu mmasate ndi, New Orleans jazi kusintha watsopano nyimbo kalembedwe - ndi pachimake. Ndipo anayamba kuchita gulu lalikulu pakati adayima panja anali oimba a Duke Ellintona. Izi gulu loyimba nyimbo wapangidwa oimba katswiri - ambuye wa improvisation. Aliyense konsati sanali ngati lotsatira. Panali zovuta mphambu nyimbo, mpukutu, rhythmic mawu, kubwereza, etc. M'gulu la pali latsopano positi - ndi arranger, amene analemba orchestration kuti anali chinsinsi bwino gulu lalikulu. Komabe, yomwenso waukulu akadali anaika pa improviser, amene angakhale kiyibodi player ndi saxophonist ndi lipenga. Chinthu chokha chimene iye ankayenera kuti azikhalabe ndi chiwerengero bwino "mabwalo". The zikuchokera oketsra Duke Ellington zinaphatikizapo oimba monga Babber Miley, Anikulapo Uilyams, Rex Stewart, Ben Webster, clarinetist Barney Bigard, ndi ena. Komabe, "ambiri a kugwedezeka mu dziko," kayendedwe gawo ndi walimba Basie drummer Dzho Dzhouns, bassist Walter Page ndi woyimba gitala Freddie Green.

Chodabwitsa "Crystal Sound"

Chaku 40 TH chaka pakati mafani nyimbo kalembedwe jazi unakhala wotchuka Glenn Miller Orchestra. Akatswiri yomweyo anaona zina zimene kusiyanitsa gulu lalikulu kwa ena. ntchito zake akhoza kumva mmene "Krustalo phokoso", analinso kuti oimba ndi amazipanga bwino dongosolo. Komabe, nyimbo zawo salinso kuona kayendedwe ka New Orleans jazi. Icho chinali chinachake chapadera, koma kutali nyimbo Negro.

kupanda chidwi

Ndi isanayambike nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse m'malo nyimbo lalikulu anachuluka "razvlekalovka". Ichi chimatanthauza kuti kugwedezeka nyengo chinazilala. oimba Jazz abwera maganizo, iwo ankaona kuti chilichonse malo awo ndi nyimbo zawo sadzakhoza kuti ziyenda bwino ngati ku mgugu 30. Koma iwo anali kulakwitsa, chifukwa jazi mafani anali mu mochedwa 20 TH ndi kumayambiriro kwa 21 zaka TH. Nzowona lero, kalembedwe izi zimatheka misa, koma nyimbo za anthu padziko lonse.