"Ndikulembera kwa inu," kapena mtundu wanyimbo epistolary

kulankhulana Epistolary pakati pa anthu, ndiye kuuzana makalata, pali zambiri kuposa zaka chikwi. Afunika alankhulane ndi okondedwa amene amakhala kutali, anthu analemba makalata, poyamba pa zikopa kapena amtunduwu, ndipo kenako - pa pepala. m'makalata mapangidwe anayamba m'zaka za chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, koma makamaka wotchuka kulankhulana inali cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, aliyense dziko ali nawo utumiki positi. anthu anayamba kuwombola kwambiri mauthenga, omwe anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane maganizo awo. Kuyambira makalata amenewa, ndipo panali mtundu wanyimbo epistolary, dzina mawu Greek "kalata" - ". Kalata"

Polemba chinenero ntchito makalata ndi achirendo kwambiri ndi losiyana kwambiri kwa ena Mitundu zolembalemba komanso kamangidwe kake. ntchito iliyonse epistolary maziko makamaka chondichitikira, maganizo ndi zokumana nazo za wolemba. Mwachindunji wasenza osati zili m'makalata a buku, komanso mawonekedwe ake. kalembedwe Epistolary mosavuta anazindikira mwa khalidwe yekha kwa iye zizindikiro. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse mu nkhani ya mabuku amachokera kwa dzina la wolemba nkhani limeneli zonse ndi mwachidule ndi zikuphatikizapo anapezazo mwatsatanetsatane. Processing pa Nkhani makamaka kwambiri. Si machaputala ndiponso makalata. Aliyense kalata akuyamba ndi tsiku ndi kutchula kopita, komanso limatha ndi mawu asiyane. m'makalata Roma chosiyana luso kalembedwe. kuyitana zonse kopita zinalembedwa ndi likulu kalata, ndi manja kapena kutsanzikana akuti itha osklitsatelnym lowani kapena mfundo, malingana ubale wolemba kuti ikupita. Total makalata malembedwe komanso limafanana ndi payekha la wolemba.

Childs, aliyense wa ntchito epistolary ndi monologue la wolemba, yopita ku mbali ina, koma ena monologues zina kuchepetsedwa ndi chamoyo dialogues, anamva ndi retold ndi wolemba. makalata zili ukhoza kukhala katswiri ndipo mwangwiro zoweta. Epistolary mtundu wanyimbo anakhala gwero mawu ndi malembedwe, wotchedwa epistolyarizmami. Ngati tikulingalira ntchito epistolary mosamala, n'zotheka kupeza zoyambira za ena ambiri masitaelo zolembalemba.

Mwa ntchito za mabuku epistolary osati wapangidwa m'makalata. Kuti kalembedwe izi ndi za ntchito iliyonse olembedwa mu mawonekedwe a makalata. Izi akhoza zimachitika kwa Mwachitsanzo, autobiography, zolemba ndi Maulendo, amene amadziŵika ndi kalembedwe mlembi.

Mu Russia, nawonso, epistolary mtundu wanyimbo chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Woyamba ntchito ngati tidzakwatulidwa ankaona makalata a Ivan IV m'khutu ndi Prince Kurbsky. polemba chinenero sikuti ananyalanyaza zapamwamba ambiri mabuku athu. Ndipo Karamzin, Pushkin ndi Dostoevsky anali Olemba ntchito kalembedwe epistolary. Choncho, "Makalata a Traveler Russian" analemba Karamzin anapita ku Germany. Mu ntchitoyi, zimene wolemba mbiri Russian, anapatsa mtundu wa zilembo anzake, limalongosola moyo European, komanso akuyika maziko a kalembedwe latsopano zolembalemba - sentimentalism. Ndinkakonda polemba chinenero ichi ndi Pushkin. Mwachitsanzo, "Captain mwana wamkazi" olembedwa monga zilembo lina lalikulu. Kuyambira makalata a Varenka Dobroselova ndi Makar Devushkin ndi buku "Osauka Anthu" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Dostoevsky. Epistolary mtundu wanyimbo, kudzera mwa olemba kwambiri, anakhala mmodzi wa "mizati" mabuku Russian.