Ndi lobotomy kapena lobotomy chiyani?

Lobotomy - opaleshoni kuti maganizo. Mu ndondomeko yake wawononga kugwirizana ndi Lobe mazunzo ndi madera ena a ubongo. Mu njira ina, ntchito imeneyi imatchedwa lobotomy. Ndondomeko kusintha kwambiri pa makhalidwe a munthu. Poyamba, izo ntchito pofuna kuchiza zosiyanasiyana matenda a m'maganizo monga oyambitsa misala ndi maganizo aakulu. Komanso opaleshoni angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati Chilango muyeso ndi anthu kuti aliyense "kusokoneza". Pambuyo Kutulukira mankhwala osiyanasiyana leucotomy watha ntchito mankhwala zifukwa abwino.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba za zimene lobotomy ndi, inali kudziŵika mu 1890. Ndiye Komabe, mayina mu opareshoni iyi sinali. Swiss wasayansi Gottleyb Bakhart anachotsa lobes mazunzo a odwala ndi umodzi. Awiri a iwo anafa, ena onse analembedwa monga kusintha khalidwe ndi makhalidwe.

Kale mu mzaka zana makumi awiri Chipwitikizi wasayansi Egas Moniz anayamba prefrontal leucotomy. Pa ntchito imeneyi, kuti thupilo maselo a mu ubongo anali jekeseni mowa. Patapita panali chida wotchedwa leukotrienes. Madokotala anayamba ntchito m'malo mowa umene uli zoipa m'thupi la munthu. Ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala zigawo ubongo anayamba kuwononga ndi magetsi ndi mafunde mu atomu. Mu 1949, dokotala Chipwitikizi analandira maulemu chifukwa chogwira ntchito yake.

Kumayambiriro kwa theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi mu United States ikuchitika za 5,500 ntchito chaka chilichonse. madokotala ambiri akhala akudzudzula ake ndi ankaona woipitsitsawu. Pofika m'ma 50s chiwerengero cha wotuluka utachepa kwambiri. Zifukwa koyenela, lobotomy inaletsedwa ku Soviet Union mu 1950, pambuyo pokambirana yaitali. Amene anapanga wotchuka dokotala Vasily Giljarovsky, amene ankadziwa bwino zimene ndi lobotomy, ndipo sankaona kuti njira ya chithandizo chokhudza maganizo. M'mayiko ambiri, ndondomeko analetsedwa koma ena akuti opaleshoni akhoza kuchitidwa bwinobwino pamaso pa 70-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

Lobotomy (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) wasonyeza mafilimu ambiri amamudziwa ndi mabuku imene olemba angakonde kutsindika za nkhanza za maganizo. Ndipotu, iwo ankadziwa kuti lobotomy, ndi kudziwa mmene zake zoipa pa munthuyo. Anthu ambiri akukumana opaleshoni, utachepa ndinasintha yaitali kukumbukira. Munthu anakhala maganizo inert, osayanjanitsika.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana lobotomy. Mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri - njira zapadera, yomwe ikuchitika popanda kutsegula achigaza. Pogwira opareshoni ngati sikutanthauza kudziŵa wapadera mu munda wa mankhwala. Wodwala kulinyamula ngakhale iyeyo. Komabe, iyi si njira yabwino, chifukwa opaleshoni mudzachita zowawa.

Posachedwapa, chidwi chawonjezeka lobotomy. Makamaka izo nkhawa ntchito kunyumba. Kumene, sikutheka kutsatira lamulo monga panopa lobotomy (phindu limene ambiri overrated) mwalamulo yoletsedwa ndi boma. Komanso, zikhoza kukhala zoopsa, monga ndondomeko ina opaleshoni, kuchitikira osati katswiri, koma munthu wamba. Masiku ano, pali ena ambiri, otetezeka njira za kulimbana ndi matenda okhudza ubongo, kuwonjezera chotero kadinala. Choncho ndi bwino kukaonana ndi katswiri, umene uli wotsimikiza kusankha chithandizo choyenera, komanso kuyankha mafunso zokhudza mfundo ndi lobotomy kuti, ndipo ngati nkokoma kuchita.