Ndakatulo za Russia: mwachidule, maonekedwe, mndandanda wa olemba ndi kusanthula

Kodi m'gulu fanizo la Mama munthu aliyense wamoyo mu Russia? Mwina zigawo ziwiri: woyamba, malo kumene amakhala, ndipo, kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kwa expanses waukulu. The chigawo chachiwiri mwachibadwa amaona kuti kupuma. Ndakatulo za Russia, lolembedwa ndi ndakatulo zabwino, kulola kumvetsa kwathu kwa dziko, kwathunthu koyenera mu mtima wa anthu Russian.

Russian ndakatulo dzuwa

Sitingathe kunena mawu ochepa za AS Pushkin. Ngati inu kutsegula buku la ntchito zake, n'zotheka kusankha ndakatulo za Russia, kusonyeza izo ku mbali zosiyanasiyana. Koma mmodzi wa zedi, ngati ife kulankhula mwachindunji ndi mosakondera za dziko lakwawo, pamene mwakachetechete, popanda mawu, zinthu chiphe ndi Ohoven, ichi "ofiira wotsutsa" (1830). Mmenemo ndakatulo watikoka m'njira yeniyeni, umene uli mtundu wa moyo lero: osauka osiyanasiyana kwake, otsika thambo ndi mitambo imvi nkhungu, awiri wovutika mtengo pang'ono pafupi mpanda, mmodzi wa womwenso kwathunthu popanda masamba, ena tikungoyembekezera nkhonyayo ozizira mphepo kumpoto, kuti wasiya opal mu puddles. Ngakhale agalu silingaone. Mzinda. "Kodi kukongola?" - akufunsa wolemba. Mwachidule A amaona okha wosatha mbalambanda, yosapsya wakuda lapansi mu mvula yoyambilira ya nyundo. Inde zomvetsa chisoni mwamuna wamng'ono wonyamula bokosi armpit mwana, kotero zachizoloŵezi mu mpingo wake ndi kukauika msanga. Ichi ndi ndakatulo kusabisa Russia, zomwe nzofunika ndemanga palibe wapadera. Mu choonadi lonse ndi ululu, zobisika pansi Izitu n'zovutitsa. Mlembi zaka 31 zokha, ndipo palibe kanthu chimene iye alibe kutseka maso ake. Komanso lotseguka adzayang'ana ndi woonamtima, koma mwa njira ina, kulemba ndakatulo za namatetule Russian, amene anaonekera pambuyo pa imfa ya Pushkin.

Kukamba za Mikhail Lermontov

Kuchoka ku Caucasus, iye kuwawa akuti tiwonana kuti zauve m'dzikoli, monga Pushkin, osati kusambitsa shampu, Misewu zonse matope wandiweyani. Chonyansa dziko ndi kugonjera kapolo kuti anthu ambiri Russian kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mykolaiv Russia - mmodzi wa Mabaibulo ambiri wathuwu Ufumu wa Byzantine, pamene lingaliro okha a mawu Mfumu - ndi lamulo. Muuze yekha zimene akufuna kumva. Ngakhale chimene anthu ulemu ndi zida a boma, lomwe aliyense angathe kuona ndi kumvetsera zonse ndi kufulumira kubweretsa mpikisano, palibe funso. Suthera ndakatulo za ndakatulo Russian. Patapita miyezi ingapo, mu Caucasus, Iye adzayang'ana pa mosiyana.

anadabwa

Kuzizira pamene scalpel wa dotolo, chifukwa Lermontov anaima pa ganizo la zigawo steppe kumene zaka udzu chete, swaying pa nkhalango chosefukira kwa madzi osefukira yaikulu ngati nyanja, mitsinje. Koma mbiri yake, adagulung'undisa mu magazi, mtendere azinyadira ndi osangalatsa, mdima nthano akale sakulabadira moyo ndakatulo a. Iye ali pafupi ndi bwenzi lokondeka - Dziko msewu, osati pa kavalo, koma mu ngolo yosavuta, mungapezeko pogona ndi kuyang'ana kumwamba lalikulu, mapesi kutafuna ndi kudikira nyali m'mawindo a m'midzi chisoni.

Kodi mtengo kwambiri

Kodi lotsatira analemba Lermontov? Russia (ndakatulo "kwawo") amapezeka ofanana ndi yosiyana kumudzi Pushkin, amene tamutchula pamwambapa. Kodi chotero Russia, zomwe kufotokoza wolemba ndakatulo, ngati ukhondo Blagonamerennyi burgher, amene ngakhale pang'ono nkhuni kokha olondola? Palibe! Iye ali wamphamvu, ndi chilombo, ndipo sindikumvetsa. Ndipo mantha alendo. Koma tiyeni tipitirize kusanthula ndakatuloyi. Russia, kapena m'mudzi m'malo Russian, amakonda Lermontov, naperekanso ndi utsi mapesi, katundu, nochuyuschim m'chipululu, ndipo ataima pa phiri pakati pa munda chikasu nsapato birches woyera. Wokondwa kuona chuma odzichepetsa wamba a - barani zonse. Ngakhale kanyumba osauka ndi denga lake limakhala la udzu, koma mlendo kwa aesthetics (chosema mawindo pa zenera), ndi mu moyo wa anayankha, chimwemwe. Ndipo mlendo sizidzamtsata ozizira dewy madzulo mpaka usiku kuyang'ana kuvina tchuthi ndi mitundu ndi likhwelu kuti spree izi champhamvu chimene angathe kuwopseza nemeryany ake mphamvu? Zonsezi pafupi ndi wokondedwa ku moyo oona Russian kanthu amadziwa Palibe malire. moyo ndi lonse monga kuti asamalire kukula kwake.

aphorisms

mudzi kwambiri Tiutchev Ovstug nazo ake kuonetsetsa kuti chikondi M'maso lonse, steppes lalikulu, minda chachikulu ndi namwali nkhalango Bryansk chigawo. Izo zonse zinalengedwa m'mlengalenga ndakatulo kwambiri, amene ndakatulo sanaiwale kapena mu ukapolo kapena St. Petersburg. Apa ndi momwe kufotokoza mwana wamkulu Anna. Iye anali munthu ndi maganizo odzipereka, wanzeru, wolimba mtima akuyandama mu muzochitika za maganizo, makamaka m'maganizo, koma wosakhazikika ndi wosakhazikika m'munda wa chipembedzo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ndi zaka anakhala aphoristic zakukhosi kwawo, polenga katswiri pang'ono za quatrains lapansi.

Chilengedwe yekha

Monga Schopenhauer anati, "Iye amene amaganiza bwino, iye limanena momveka bwino". Izi akhoza zimachitika onse a katswiri anatchula - "Mind Russia kuzimvetsa" (Tiutchev). ndakatuloyi amadziwika kwathunthu kwa onse, palibe chikaiko. Ndi, kumene, limodzi ndi Pushkin, Lermontov, ndi kumvetsa dziko. Lermontov mwake kuganiza ndi nzeru anakonda Mama, ndi quatrain zikunenedwa kuti malingaliro, pamene izo zifika ku Russia, pa chilichonse. Iye ali wapadera kwambiri. Si abwino Western European mfundo. Russia - osati kumadzulo, osati kum'mawa. Njira, monga taonera, iye ndi kwa iye, mu fractures ndi zodabwitsa. Iwo anawonetsa mzaka zana makumi awiri. kusintha atatu, ngakhale anayi, m'nthawi wina, palibe kwambiri dziko lina? Ndipo tsopano, pamene panali zidutswa wina, ngozi amayambitsa ndingaliro lingaliro wosangalatsa manga zatsopano zobisika dziko kuti zichitike nthawi ya stagnation? khulupirira kokha. Monga anati Tiutchev. Ndicho kwenikweni zoona, zaka 17-30, maganizo sangathe kumvetsa Russia (Tiutchev). Ndakatulo zikusonyeza zimenezi. Ndiye kunali akhale pa maziko a mfundo yofunika mwamtheradi - kumanga anthu ofanana. Ndipo mpaka ngati wolemba ndakatulo amafuna kuyang'ana? Mwina iye analosera, ndipo anali ndi chidwi zongoganiza, Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu matebulo, olankhula, chinachake ndipo anali premonition mu '63 wanga.

Mabuku wa Age Silver

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anaswa mitundu akale mawu a ndakatulo, ndi Bruce anaima pa chiyambi cha ophiphiritsa. Pambuyo pake iye anapita ndipo anamupeza iye ngati wolemba ndakatulo woganiza ndi wamasomphenya Alexander Blok. "Kwawo" mkombero analengedwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Block anabwera kwa iye zaka ziwiri pambuyo Russian zisinthe choyamba. Mu mkombero atangotha "Pa Kulikovo Field" ndi "Russian". Mwina osati mwangozi kuti pambuyo mawu amene nzeru sangakhale ndi moyo mtendere, yomwe ili kale olembedwa ndakatulo wotchedwa "Russian" ndipo ayenera kuti ndikaonekere kwa iye - "Pempherani!" Izo anamva midadada? "Russia" - ndakatulo piercingly wachifundo, ngakhale ndakatulo akuti bondo mbali mbadwa sindingakhoze. Komabe, chikondi ndi kusirira kwa chisoni chake n'chimodzimodzi. Imayamba ndi woyamba mizere anayi ndi chifaniziro cha ruts msewu laxity. Koma kukongola, amene nthawi zonse amayesetsa anazungulira ndi anthu wapezeka mu masipoko utoto. Ndi kung'anima imvi kanyumba losauka dziko, ndi wokondedwa Block mphepo amayimba Russian nyimbo. Ndipo kuti ndi zinachitika pa maso misozi, misozi ya chikondi choyamba (Poyerekeza), amene wavulala kulankhula mtima, amene samachititsa. Iye anabadwa pano ndipo limakhala mosamala mtanda wake. A mtanda ife mphamvu zochuluka. Pano, iye anamverera chipika. "Russia" - ndakatulo kumlingo ankhanza chifukwa m'nyimbo ngwazi akuvomera kuonetsetsa kuti kukongola kwa dziko lakwawo kupatsidwa kwa aliyense amene akufuna. Koma kukongola si zophweka - wopanda khalidwe. Ndi izi oonera sangathe kulimbana. Mwachidule zidzawonjezera nkhawa. Koma pang'ono za izo, amasamala chinachitika? Mother-mkazi wokongola, koma kerchief ake unatengera anagwetsa kuti nsidze, ndi amabisa nthawi kukongola kwawo. Izi ndi "Russia" kusanthula ndakatuloyi. Ndi chimodzimodzi Ine U Lermontova - nkhalango inde Field. A zina yaitali msewu zosatheka kotheka (oxymoron). Ngati kokha kuti amamva pansi shawl ake. Ndipo tiyeni phokoso akaidi yaitali coachman nyimbo. Russia kupirira mavuto onse ndi osirira. Kodi? Chabwino, amene amadziwa. maganizo sangathe kumvetsa Russia. Ndakatulo kwathunthu zikugwirizana ndi mfundo za Tiutchev - mu Russia wina akhoza khulupilira kokha.

Century XIX, XX ndi XXI - mumaganiza andale

Awa zikuluzikulu zitatu mu mbiri yathu. Pamene kuphwanya ang'onoang'ono kenako capitalist, ndipo kenako yesetsani kukhazikitsa latsopano madongosolo malamulo ndi zolimbana, koma, mwa ena onse, zochokera maganizo a Stolypin. Kuti tsopano si anatulukira chilichonse chatsopano, koma osachepera iwo akhoza kukhazikitsa. Koma ambiri Chofunika, kodi si tsopano mu dziko - palibe wamba malingaliro yolimbikitsa umene anthu akanafuna kuti apite. Chikhristu m'mayiko onse akukumana ndi nyengo kutha. Ndipo ngakhale kuti Akatolika ndi makani pang'ono tsopano kuyesera resuscitate iye, N'zosatheka. Orthodoxy, amene akuyesera kuthandiza boma la a dziko lathu, komanso mavuto kwambiri. Pitani ngati azibusa athu mu fuko? Kodi kulankhula pa masewera anali anakumana? Mumakhala palibe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chikumbumtima achipembedzo si aumbike mwa anthu. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndiye m'malo chikunja. Tikuyesetsa kuuzira lingaliro la achinyamata wosatha mwa kulimbikitsa njira nzeru za makwinya, matenda zimfundo, kuti kulenga mwambo wa thupi, kujambula okha ngati mbuli zizindikiro. Ife tikupita ku zinthu zofunika kwambiri, koma kukhota watsopano mwauzimu lapansi. Ndakatulo mu Russia anatanthauza pamene chinachake zambiri. Mwina tsiku lina ndakatulo, olemba ndakatulo Russian ndidzadzaza moyo wa anthu Russian maonekedwe atsopano pa zinthu zodziwika.