Mwambo ntchito epitaphs pa zipilala ndi chiyambi chake

amuna onse ndi akufa. Ngakhale kuti zinali, koma ayenera kuzindikira kuti anthu akuluakulu m'manda wamng'ono, iyi ndi njira yachibadwa ya zochitika. zikuipiraipirabe pamene choncho ndi osiyana.

Kulemba epitaph pa makolo chipilala angadalire zolembalemba talente awo, kapena sankhani mawu a akalozera, iwo ndi mitundu bwino. Monga mtundu wanyimbo aliyense, zizindikiro chisoni ndi malamulo awo. Amachita asamathe, kotero muyenera kuganizira bwino.

Mwambo kuika epitaph pa zipilala anatuluka mu Greece wakale, ngakhale zolemba tombstones ndi zina chosema patsogolo. Chikhumbo zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira okondedwa akupezeka anthu kuchokera pamene anayamba kuganizira za cholinga cha moyo ndi tanthauzo la imfa.

Mawu "epitaph" aumbike mwa mizu awiri Greek, "epi" zikugwilizana ndi kupatula pamwamba bokosi wathu " 'ndi' tafos" amatanthauza manda. Choncho chinthu maliro. Ndithudi, iye anali mu zikachitika kulemba ndi zosayenera. lemba ayenera kukhala lalifupi, limaonetseratu, uli ndi mfundo za munthu amene lofooka thupi wakhazikika pansi tombstone lapansi.

The epitaphs Russian pa zipilala anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma XVIII. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, kumanda ankachitira chizindikiro dzina la wakufayo ndi losavuta chokongoletsera, chokongoletsera wantchito. Special epitaph kupereka manda a anthu otchuka, pamene moyo uli ndi malo apamwamba a mphamvu zapadera. Malemba anaitana alendo manda maganizo oyenerera, olemba awo anakhala ndakatulo, nthawi zina wotchuka, amene anali GR Derzhavin. Memory asilikali Chichagova ngakhale analipira msonkho kwa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri wake ankalemba yekha ndakatulo epitaph akufotokoza ubwino wanenedwapo mwa iwo kwa Lathu.

The epitaphs pa zipilala anayamba ntchito zolembalemba, mofananira kuti epigram, mu zofanana ndime yochepa. Mfundo yakuti kamvekedwe ankasewera otsiriza sizikugwirizana ndi mwambo chisoni loyamba, olemba musavutike. malemba epitaphs XVIII - XIX zaka pafupipafupi zoseketsa amajambulapo maluwa okongola. Makamaka maganizo oterowo kuti imfa yake inali khalidwe la alonda Russian, lomwe kusiyana bravostyu m'mbali zonse za moyo, kuyambira Zopatsa amorous, mathero makadi ndi vinyo, osati kutchula anamanganso mwankhondo. "Panali tchimo, anafa zopusa", "Ndinali ine hussars tsopano atagona pansi lonyowa. Monga pamene ndinali mowa. kumwa yotentha nthawi yake, Ndipo chakumwa mowa wamphamvu, ndinu wamoyo, "ndi epitaphs ofanana pa zipilala ndiye ntchito kawirikawiri.

Anthu aakulu ndi kusamala zambiri adakali moyo komanso thanzi anapeka malemba wabwino anapatsa kugogoda pa mapulusa awo. Osati nthawi zonse ngati wolemekezeka olemba mwaluso kalembedwe, chifukwa epitaphs mofulumira analemera m'zaka za m'ma XIX, amalonda amayambitsa musanaganizire kumwetulira akufuna kunena iwo mu malingaliro chabe ndipo lembani maudindo onse anagula mu moyo uno.

Lero, mwatsoka, kulawa nthawi yabwino kusintha kwa amene kulemba ndi epitaph kwa achibale ake amene anamwalira. Koma mawu awa, oyesa zosonyeza kuya onse chisoni ndi zomvetsa mumamva. Kodi mawu akuti "Gonani bwino, wokondedwa mwamuna, phungu wa sayansi luso"? Izi ngakhale sindikufuna ndikuganiza ... Kodi opusa kusonyeza pamene ndi maganizo kuti sitiyenera kuwala?

Achidule ndi chidwi kwambiri akuti "Apa mabodza Suvorov" pa manda a Generalissimo ulemerero. Mpaka lero, palibe amene akufuna kufotokoza yemwe iye anali. Kudzichepetsa ndi ulemu zosonyeza lemba lililonse gravestone, kaya akhale epitaph pa agogo chipilala, yotamandika kwambiri mkulu wa asilikali kapena munthu wamba, kukhala moyo wosalira zambiri ndi woonamtima.