Munalidi gulu - munalidi gulu la maloya .... munalidi gulu la oyang'anira zophika

Mawu akuti "munalidi gulu" inatuluka mu Russia kalekale.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Motero, 12-15 zaka, munalidi gulu - wamalonda bungwe kapena gulu gulu la anthu deta. Izo mpaka 1917. Kumayambiriro Ages Middle ndi amamudziwa dzina ili. Munalidi gulu lapeza ntchito zake mayanjano zosiyanasiyana za khalidwe ndale, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe. The Germany wakale pansi munalidi gulu anazindikira kudyera limodzi, limodzi ndi nsembe kwa milungu, komanso maliro, maukwati ndi kubadwa kwa ana.

Kufalikira kwa Chikhristu analimbikitsa chiyambi cha kulimba kwa Mpingo ndi mabungwe ndi dzina lomweli. oimira anakhulupirira kuti munalidi gulu - bungwe ndi zotsala za chikunja. Komabe, patapita kanthawi abedwa khalidwe achikunja a mabungwe awa, iwo anayamba kupanga pa matchalitchi.

Chotsatira mu chitukuko cha lingaliro ili ndi atumwi lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chitatu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, munalidi gulu - chipembedzo, dzina lake polemekeza woyang'anira ndi kukhala mpingo ndi nyumba misonkhano. Amaphatikiza oimira zauzimu komanso anthu wamba. mapangidwe Izi analipo ngakhale bwalo mwini. Maluwa waukulu guilds anagwera zaka 14-15.

Munalidi gulu monga njira kulimbana ndi chilungamo

Ndi ochuluka a mizinda anayamba kuoneka munalidi gulu ogwirizana nzika polimbana ndi kupondereza ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Munalidi gulu la amalonda chinathandiza kuteteza mosavuta zinthu zandale ndiponso anthu.
Mu England, pansi mabungwe onsewa anazindikira masitolo Chotsimikizika. Patapita zaka 11-12 inasanduka ambiri zotsatirazi kumasulira zosiyana: ndi munalidi gulu - ziri chabe wamalonda bungweli.

Ponseponse analandira formations amenewa mu Germany, England, France. Zikamera wa guilds chifukwa zosowa za malonda padziko lonse intercity. Kawirikawiri ogwirizana amalonda munalidi gulu ndi m'dera limodzi. Iwo fairs ichitikire mankhwala kuteteza zinalengedwa ndi m'sitolo, iwo anayesa kuti tikwaniritse okha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phindu. Chotero mayanjano Kupititsa anaonekera kucheza kulumikizanitsa midzi angapo.

Nthawi zambiri munalidi gulu - bungwe la Kanani kwa mitundu enieni katundu (mwachitsanzo, "haberdashers" kapena "Vintners"). Mamembala a magulu oterowo omangidwa ndi mzake ndi kuthandizana pa ngozi, achifwamba adzaukira ndi malipiro redemptions. Kutsogoleredwa ndi akulu munalidi gulu ndi osankhidwa konsolo.

Munalidi gulu - chida champhamvu yosamalira

Mu m'deralo ndiponso anthu amenewa bungwe, iwo anali ngati njira kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsa katundu m'malo yabwino inatha. Komanso, iwo amapatsidwa okhawo pa malonda ritelo. Zoperekedwa ufulu ngati okhawo zingavulaze zofuna za ogula enieni a mzindawo, kumene munalidi gulu.

The kukula chikoka munalidi gulu la

Ndi mwapang'onopang'ono mabungwe awa anayamba kutenga chizolowezi kuchepetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa membala wa bungwe. Choncho, kukhazikitsidwa kwa munalidi gulu la anali wofanana ndi kusamvana pa malonda. M'madera mabungwe awa wokondwa mkulu mu dongosolo zapita ngakhale makhoti ndi ntchito zake, komanso ntchito amayang'anira luso ndi malonda. Kutembenukira kwa mbiri, tingakhulupirire kunena kuti kuchiyang'anira guilds anakhala makampani akuluakulu malonda.

Choncho, lingaliro ili ali ndi mbiri mwachilungamo yaikulu, ndipo pali bwino zedi mu tikukumana zachuma Komabe, njira zina zingapo.

Munalidi gulu la maloya Russian

Munalidi gulu maloya - yaufulu, katswiri ndipo sanali phindu lodzilamulira gulu la akatswiri umenewu mu Russia. Izo likakhazikitsidwa komanso ukugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo zogwirizana.

Maloya munalidi gulu ndi membala wa bungwe la International Bar Association ndi mabungwe ena padziko lonse. Malo amenewa amagwirizana ndi mabungwe ena monga la International Chilamulo Union ndi Association of Federal wa Moscow Bar Association.

Monga mbali ya munalidi gulu ili ukugwira ntchito zapakhomo Academy of Notaries, omwe ali ndi ufulu kuti apereke maphunziro ophunzira ake boma dipuloma. Komanso, pamene izo zimayendera maphunziro kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro ndi bungwe zolemba pamaphunziro.

munalidi gulu la Ogulitsa ndi Kutsatsa Nyumba

List munalidi gulu anamaliza yoyenera m'dera Russian Ogulitsa ndi Kutsatsa Nyumba. Ndi bungwe umene umabweretsa pamodzi akatswiri mu zoweta msika malo. M'zaka khumi zapitazi ntchito yake, munalidi gulu umenewu wakhala ndi gulu lamphamvu. Kapangidwe ka M'gululi kuposa zikwi za magulu okhudzidwa kuphatikizapo mozungulira 60 gulu dera mu msika malo.

Ntchito guilds mu msika chuma

Ntchito ya dera lino ndi chilengedwe ndi chitukuko winanso wa Russian msika malo. Cholinga chachikulu mu nkhani iyi ndi kuonetsetsa Kukwezeleza yogwira chitukuko cha chitukuko mu msika malo ndi ntchito malamulo wogwila zolimbana zogwirizana chimango.
Izi zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe cha dongosolo la malamulo mamembala ake, komanso kugwiritsa nchito ya zomangamanga ake kuteteza zolinga wamba mu dongosolo chuma kukumana ndi zosowa zakuthupi, wopangidwa mwa chitukuko akatswiri sayansi ndi luso.

Kupita patsogolo munalidi gulu chaonekera mu kuphatikiza a pofuna kuchepetsa pa chilengedwe cha malo chuma chuma zoweta weniweni. Pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti a inakonza Ogulitsa ndi Kutsatsa Nyumba munalidi gulu anakhazikitsa dongosolo zaufulu za chitsimikizo cha utumiki zogwirizana, ndilo chitsimikizo chachikulu khalidwe la misonkhano malo. Chotero dongosolo chitsimikizo, woyamba unakhazikitsidwa mu Russia limachititsa kuti aone ubwino wa utumiki umene makampani kuti ntchito mu msika malo. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za makampani amene ali m'gulu la umembala wa munalidi gulu, komanso amene amagwira ntchito paokha pa msika.

Companies m'munda wa zakudya

Munalidi gulu National wa Akatswiri a zophikaphika analenga zaka 11 zapitazo (mu 2003). Cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza ndi kukhala malo malonda, komanso chilengedwe cha mfundo zina akatswiri.
Malinga ndi dera amabweretsa pamodzi ambiri a akatswiri makampani mphamvu, confectioners ndi oyang'anira zophika amene amaimira bwino Russian odyera. Ntchito yaikulu ya munalidi gulu akhoza zotsatirazi:

- Kukwezeleza oyang'anira zophika ndi zapaderazi ndi pastry;

- kulimbikitsa pofuna kukwaniritsa ku Russia;

- mogwirizana ndi zigawo kudzera zokambiranazo ndi zokambirana;

- maphunziro a oyang'anira zophika achinyamata ndi confectioners, etc.

Kumanga mudzi zisathe

Choncho, polingalira funso ili: "Kodi kulenga munalidi gulu" - m'pofunika kumanga mfundo zingapo za gulu la ntchito zogwirizana.

Poyamba, dera otere analengedwa kuti asonkhanitse akatswiri mu njira ina kwa Kukwezeleza ndi mtundu winawake wa malonda. Mu nkhani iyi, n'chakuti ntchito zomwe munakonza, sipangakhalenso wachinsinsi motere:

- Bungwe la maphunziro, kuchititsa maphuziro, potero kupereka mwayi kusintha;

- kupereka thandizo mudziwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana;

- thandizo ntchito ya ziwalo, komanso kuteteza zofuna zawo ndi ufulu.

Kachiwiri, dera lino mukhoza kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malamulo ena ogwila ntchito. Munalidi gulu Chirasha nawo ntchito zomwe anatsimikiza ndi malamulo pulogalamuyo kulola zolimbitsa awo okha ndi chilolezo chapadera.

KUMANGA chikalata lolamulira ntchito chonse cha anthu, ndi Memorandum wa mamembala mwagwirizana Relations. chikalata ichi n'chakuti ufulu ndi udindo wa anthu ake.

Choncho, mwa zinthu zimene zilipo kwa mamembala anu munalidi gulu, muyenera zotsatirazi: mudziwe thandizo ndi ntchito Intaneti, kanema, media kusindikiza ndi maonekedwe akatswiri; kupereka mwayi wofalitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana malonda (mwachitsanzo, makalasi mbuye); Kukhala ndi mwayi kupeza malangizo akatswiri anzawo; ntchito mwayi kuthandiza ntchito, komanso kupereka malangizo malamulo.

Ntchito ya anthu a mmudzimo iliyonse ya mtundu umenewu zikuphatikizapo: ndi popularization za kudzinenera amene Nthumwi mamembala a munalidi gulu la; chikhulupiriro chabwino ndi chilungamo apereka ntchito zawo kugwilizana ndi zodyera akatswiri pamene zimavuta ndi ogwira ntchito ndi olemba ntchito anzawo.

dzina munalidi gulu zimadalira umembala wa mtundu winawake wa ntchito ikuchitika ndi anthu ake.

Pomaliza

Polongosola mwachidule, m'pofunika kuona zotsatirazi operekedwa mu nkhaniyi pepala. Munalidi gulu - ndi dera yeniyeni ya anthu ogwirizana ntchito yawo ndipo amatha, mogwirizana kwambiri ndi anzake kuti iyende mkulu mu njira anasankha za bungwe. N'chifukwa chake, pa maziko cholinga yopapatiza, pali guilds wa maloya, oyang'anira zophika, Ogulitsa ndi Kutsatsa Nyumba, etc. mayanjano amenewa ali ngati "mabwalo chidwi", zomwe zimathandiza kupeza malo mu moyo uwu molimba akatswiri achinyamata.