Mtsinje Parana: gwero ndi chikhalidwe cha otaya ndi

Parana ndi mtsinje wachiwiri yaitali mu America South. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, kuwonjezera pa Amazon. Kuti pang'ono umapanga malire a mayiko atatu, Argentina, Brazil ndi Paraguay. A nkhani zambiri za Parana Mtsinje m'nkhani ino pansipa.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Pali Mabaibulo angapo dzina la waterway izi. Wotchuka kwambiri wa zimenezi ndi "mtsinje, yaikulu monga nyanja." Wina dzina odziwika anali "mtsinje wosasangalala." Mmodzi wa wakale amwenye Mudawatcha izo chifukwa cha mathithi ambiri zinawachitikira. Nthawi zambiri mungapeze dzina la "mayi nyanja" mu deta mbiri. Ambiri, tisaiwale mfundo zotsatirazi: chirichonse dzina la madzi ku fuko makamaka, ndi Mulimonsemo imasonyeza chikhalidwe wankhanza wa Parana Mtsinje, mphamvu ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa miyoyo ya anthu.

anapeza

Akukhulupirira kuti linali lotsegula wapaulendo ku Spain dzina lake Juan Diaz de A Solis. Iye anakhala woyamba wa ku Ulaya kukachezera pakamwa pake. Izi zinachitika mu 1515. asanu okha patapita zaka, ndinapita kukaona Magellan. Mu 1526, C. Cabot ankadziwa ndi peculiarities alili. Komanso, anakhala nthumwi loyamba la Europe, amene anakwanitsa kufika pakamwa.

malo Hrs

gwero la Parana Mtsinje ili kum'mwera kwa mapiri Brazil, pamene m'kamwa mwake ili pa Atlantic gombe, mu Gulf wa La Plata. The utali wonse wa waterway izi makilomita 4380. Monga dera dziwe, ndi wofanana makilomita lalikulu 4.250. Monga taonera, ndi waterway wokhudza m'dera la limati atatu, woimira tsankho malire awo achilengedwe. Pakuti otaya chapamwamba amakhala ndi mathithi mkulu. Komanso, apa pali mathithi.

m'kupita

Parana amatenga amachokera ku Brazil. Iwo aumbike mwa confluence a mitsinje Rio Grande ndi Paranaiba. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, madzi akusunthira kwa Paraguay tawuni pepala del Guaira. Ntchito kuti mathithi a dzina yemweyo, amene kutalika ukufika mamita 33. Komabe, mu 1982, "Itaipu" inamangidwa malo ake opangira magetsi damu, limene kalekale yaikulu pa dziko. Mu malo omwewo Brazil kumalire ndi Paraguay. Pambuyo pake, malangizo a Parana mtsinje akutembenukira kwa kum'mwera, ndipo kenako - kumadzulo. Izi akupitiriza makilomita 820. Mderali achiwiri kukula anamanga HPP. Iyo imatchedwa "yacyretá damu" ndipo anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 1994. Tikumbukenso kuti limodzi Argentine-Paraguayan ntchito.

Pambuyo merging ndi tributary wake waukulu (mtsinje Paraguay) Parana akutembenukira kwa kum'mwera. Komanso, Argentina, m'lifupi ukufika makilomita atatu. Mu Santa Fe m'chigawo otaya pang'ono kumbali kum'mawa, kenako umapita kwa malo komaliza. m'litali ndi pafupifupi 500 makilomita. Pa chikhalidwe cha otaya mtsinje Parana angatchedwe chete kwambiri. Kupita ku nyanja ya Atlantic waterway akuyamba apasuke ku nthambi zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira. Chifukwa, ankadziwana zambiri aumbike amene m'lifupi kuposa makilomita 60 m'litali - 130 Km. Mwachindunji mu Lifikira mtsinje Uruguay, kenako mafunde awiri wamphamvu analengedwa ndi pakamwa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse wa Rio de La Plata.

boma madzi ndi mbali nyengo

Parana mtsinje akudyetsedwa makamaka ndi mvula. Nthawi ya chigumula chachikulu chimakhala cha January kwa May. Wochuluka chilimwe mvula zikusonyeza kuti malo kumtunda beseni ndi. Kuchokera June kuti August, kachiwiri pali kulumpha amphamvu madzi. M'madera ambiri beseni m'chaka pafupifupi imagwera kuti millimeters zikwi ziwiri mpweya. Ndichachidziwikire kuti madzi ndi m'goli. Pachaka runoff madzi ndi za 480 makilomita kiyubiki. Ndithu chidwi ndi chiwerengero munaupereka mu Atlantic Ocean m'dambo. Akafika matani mamiliyoni 95 pa chaka. Kufufuza kwa iwo Tingaone pa mtunda wa makilomita mpaka 150 pa nyanza. Pakamwa ali nyuzi mawonekedwe. Yekha mu nyanja wapangidwa chamkati ndi zone akunja. The oyamba kufika kutalika ndi kunenepa, motero, 180 ndi makilomita 80. madzi ake ndi watsopano. Koma kuya, zilibe upambana mamita 5. Kwachiwiri kwa malo amenewa amakhala ndi predominance wa madzi amchere nyanja ndi akuya mamita 25.

kutumiza

Zombo ndi maofesi ena kusambira kuti sludge si upambana mamita 7, angakhoze kupita pakamwa pa mtunda wa makilomita 640 kuchokera ku doko la mzinda Argentine a Rosario. Parana Mtsinje amakhala ndi kuthekera mkulu opangira magetsi. Mtengo wake okwana pafupifupi 20 GW. M'dera mathithi Urubupunga anamanga yaikulu opangira magetsi zovuta. madoko akuluakulu, anamanga pa mtsinje, ndi Rosario, Santa Fe ndi Pasados.

Phindu kwa anthu

waterway Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu. Popeza kuti inextricably zogwirizana pafupifupi lonse kum'mwera gawo m'dzikoli. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri Argentine, Brazil ndi Paraguayan tawuni ali pa izo. Munthu mmodzi wofunika kwambiri wa iwo, mosakayika, ndi Buenos Aires. anthu ake kuposa chizindikiro cha anthu mamiliyoni atatu. Popanda iyeyo, pa gombe anamanga mizinda yambiri, yomwe mumakhala anthu oposa mazana atatu ndi zikwi, komanso matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Parana Mtsinje azidyetsa zikwi asodzi. Zonsezi pamodzi amalenga osati agglomeration akulu, ndi malo zazikulu chuma.

Biota

The mtsinje ndi malo kwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera. Pa dera la malo osungirako zachilengedwe ili mu madzi pali nyama ndi zomera, amene ataphimbidwa ndi mitundu pafupifupi zinatha. Nkhalango zobiriwira pa magombe a Parana moyo nyamazi, Nyama Zodya Chiswe, nguluwe, nguluwe. Kuli mitundu yoposa khumi ndi awiri a mbalame ndi tizilombo. Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, mu madzi a mwachizolowezi nambala yaikulu nsomba. Iye sali pano mwakuti nsomba ikuchitika padziko lonse mafakitale.

kukopa alendo

Parana Mtsinje chaka amakopeka nambala yaikulu alendo. Amodzi mwa malo osangalatsa kwambiri madzi ake ankaona Iguazu - Falls ili m'malire a Argentina ndi Brazil. Tamasulira kuchokera ku chinenero Indian dzina amatanthauza "madzi chachikulu". Paokha ndi okondweretsa anthu. Popeza kuti madzi kutuluka masitepe horseshoe analengedwa pano, m'lifupi umene uli pafupi atatu makilomita. Motero, kuti kuona mathithi kungakhale kokha kwa zenera ndege. Tikumbukenso kuti dziko yomwe ili, analengeza zinyama madera ozungulira, chobisa pristine, nkhalango kwabasi. Iwo tili ndi mayina ofanana, ndi onse anatumizidwa ku UNESCO World Heritage Site.