"Mphalasa" (wotsutsa-thanki zida): kufotokoza, specifications ndi zithunzi

patsogolo luso m'munda wa manja ndi zambiri mofulumira kuposa madera ena a zochita za anthu. Ndege zimauluka pamwamba ndipo mofulumira, akasinja wamphamvu kwambiri ndi, ndi nsanja mfuti zawo kugunda patsogolo. Kukweza ndi njira kutsutsa ndi zipangizo zotheka lankhondo la mdani. Iwo ubwera pamaso amene achotsa kapena amakhala bwinobwino mzere kulekanitsa mwatsatanetsatane chida launchers wa odana ndi maofesi. Chitsanzo ndi Russian "Kornet" - chida pofuna kuthana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, komanso oyenera kupondereza kwa kwambiri zokhalamo mfuti emplacements ndi zinthu zina za chitetezo mwakuya. Poyamba, ntchito zoterezi zimagwiridwa ndi machitidwe katundu kuzinga zida zankhondo ndi mivi ndi zokwana wamphamvu zapadera.

My zodabwitsa "Iz mphalasa" ...

Only tsopano pali udindo asilikali ankhondo Dutch. The etymology mawu okongola: muzu wake ndi dzina English wa mkulu wa lipenga asilikali opatsirana kwa Ages Middle, mkulu gulu la asilikali lonse kudzera mwa zizindikiro phokoso. Udindo uwu (mkulu woyang'anira) ndipo unali mu Russian Army ndipo anasunga malingana ngati panali White kuyenda. Iwo anapereka dzina la njinga yamoto yaing'ono "Izh mphalasa", wotchuka pakati othamanga. njinga, ngakhale kukula kwake ang'ono ndi mphamvu otsika, m'malo dapper zikuwoneka kuyamika zovekera chrome ndi mamangidwe bwino. Engine mphamvu - okwana 50 "cubes", akhoza lotengeka ngakhale popanda chilolezo. njinga yamoto kwawo "mphalasa" - Izhevsk. Zida Nthawi zambiri dzina la udindo wankhondo wakale. Mfuti ya zoopsa kanthu analengedwa mu Ukraine (9 mm). Ndi yaying'ono ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. okonda Hardball kudziwika monga otsika mtengo ndi apamwamba mfuti mpweya "mphalasa". Koma nkhani iyi idzafotokoza kwambiri zoopsa chida antitank.

Agogoda pa mita zida

Ndi kupitirira formations thanki kulimbana zovuta. zamakono ndi zida ndi chitetezo ogwira mtima, malinga ndi okonza kuteteza adalira ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa mavuto aakulu zinthu. The makulidwe a zida mazunzo M'zaka zaposachedwapa chawonjezeka kwambiri, koma khama galimoto nkhondowo sanali okha ndiAmene lapansi. Iwo wakhala Mipikisano wosanjikiza, kugonjetsedwa ndi zotsatira chokhala ndi mbali ya lathu okhudza malo amalimbikitsa kusinkhasinkha ndi ricochet. Tsopano projectile ndi luso osakwanira kudutsa wosanjikiza makulidwe Mwachitsanzo, 100 mm, monga miyeso zovuta kuteteza mobwerezabwereza kuonjezera kukana ake. dongosolo Antitank "mphalasa" analengedwa ndi lalitali kwambiri mphamvu malo kuti bwinobwino kulimbana ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za dziko masiku ano, ngakhale zingamuthandize. Meter zida palibe thanki imodzi - ngati misa adzakhala amazipanga zolemeletsedwa kamangidwe. Komabe, tandem dzenje mlandu, amene okonzeka ndi zida 9M133, angathe kubaya ndi thicker (1200 mm) wosanjikiza ili pambali kumbuyo chitetezo zazikulu. "Mphalasa" - chida yosalephera.

malangizo

Best zinthu zonse kutsatira njira antitank amenewa imene mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi lawi patsogolo anathamangitsidwa ndi mdaniyo. Komabe, pa m'chizimezime kuwombera zimatheka ngati kugwilizana ndi zikhalidwe za ulamuliro zithunzi zake. 9M133 zida zosiyanasiyana angafikire makilomita khumi, koma zosiyanasiyana zothandiza masana si upambana 5500 m, ndi usiku - 3500 mamita dongosolo Malangizo -. Laser zoopsa zoyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti woyendetsa akukwana kusunga chandamale kwa mlingo wa pamaso, ndi china chirichonse pa popanda wake. The roketi amapita ku mbali ya mtengo, kutsogozedwa dongosolo teleorientirovaniya, ndi yogwira kapena kungokhala chete kuwasokoneza kuti mwina poyera mdani, sizithandiza. malangizo chizindikiro akubwera kuchokera zovuta, kumene inu anapezerapo pa photodetector, ndi n'zosiyana malangizo. "Mphalasa" - zida oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pa zinthu ziro aone, mu nkhani iyi aiming ikuchitika matenthedwe kulingalira pamaso 1PN79-1 mwamsanga. Limeneli liyenera komanso lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito okwerera ano malangizo BMP ndi Helicopters kuukira.

Chida mu chidebe

amazilamulira chiwongolero mivi zili mphuno yake. Awiri a iwo, ndipo iwo anamizidwa mu zoyendera malo niches yeniyeni, ndipo mwa iwo pambuyo pa chiyambi. M'chipinda kutsogolo n'chimodzimodzi ndi kutsogolera mlandu mphako amene akutumikira kupsereza zida chitetezo. The injini roketi ndi olimba ndi aumbike monga mphete, kotero kuti mkati anali dzenje danga - m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti waukulu mpweya ndege zooneka-kuyang'anira warhead (ili kumbuyo) mukhoza kudutsa pa nthawi ya kugwa. Nozzles kuti awaphunzitse makokedwe pa cham'mbali. Mapiko ndi elastically anawerama ndi anaweramuka pambuyo lotulukira projectile ku chidebe. Iwo zili kuseri (pa "weft") ndi kuchepetsa ndi ° 45 ndege ya zowongolera lapansi. Amasulidwe mivi kuchokera TPK pulasitiki anagwira akutulutsa mlandu. The njira yodutsamo la ndege mwauzimu. Antitank dongosolo "mphalasa" zikhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka khumi. Nthawi imeneyi, palibe kufunika kwa mkazi wakeyo ndipo anayendera.

chifukwa chokhala

Roketi 9M133 ndi mphako-kuyang'anira warhead mukhoza kudutsa pakatikati homogeneous covert zazikulu zida chitetezo 1,000-1,200 mm. chotsatirachi chifukwa zinthu zingapo zokhudza. projectile liwiro anali 250 m / s, kulemera kwake - makilogalamu 29, kulemera kwa kabotolo mankhwala - 4600 ga mlandu tandem, mu zikutchinga akulowa anachita bwino ndipo unspent bwino mafuta olimba wakupambana mwa madzi mpweya ndege ya warhead chachikulu. Popeza odana ntchito "mphalasa 'ndi kuopsa kanthu ake kumatheka zolondola kumenya madera pachiopsezo za chitetezo choti ndi laser-oongoka. Koma chida ichi chikhonza ntchito kulipiritsa mtundu wina, odana.

Against bunkers, bunkers ndi magalimoto a asilikali

Pa nkhondo, nthawi zina pamakhala zinthu zomwe n'zovuta kulosera. Zikuchitika wagawo mwina mosayembekezereka adzawombana ndi chitetezo mfundo analimbitsa ndi kuukira kutsamwa. Chida zovuta "mphalasa" imagwira ntchito zokwanira kuthetsa osati vuto la kulimbana akasinja, komanso bwino kubisa matumba n'kupuma kukaniza. Ici ndi ciwiya mwachilungamo yaying'ono yatenganso osati chokhala, koma mutu zokwana thermobaric. Ndi mphamvu yake zachiwawa chida kapena amadza 9M133F 9M133F-1 ofanana ndi zotsatira 152mm howitzer projectile kapena makilogalamu khumi TNT. Ndipotu, bomba zingalowe, anakamba roketi galimoto molondola mkulu pa mtunda 5.5 Km. Mkulu-zachiwawa thermobaric "mphalasa" - wogwira mtima chida chitsegukire kugonjetsedwa mopepuka oti muli nazo zida magalimoto mdani (oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula, oyenda kumenyana magalimoto, etc.)

Launcher

PU mu ntchito ndi oyenda akuimira dongosolo miyendo itatu yomwe Integrated moto ulamuliro zipangizo, chipangizo malangizo pati ndi njira kuwala (kuphatikizapo infuraredi). Zingakhalenso gawo la zida muyezo wa magalimoto nkhondowo (BMP kapena "Amabereka"). Anti-thanki zovuta "mphalasa" monga galimoto galimotoyo waukulu amagwiritsa ntchito BM 9P162 ( "chinthu 699" ndi galimotoyo BMP-3). Adalira Amakhala ndi anthu awiri kapena atatu. kuwombera chabe ndi chitsogozo kwa chandamale amanyamula gunner kuchokera kuntchito kwake, zida ndi zovuta amagetsi. maphunziro Management kuyamba akuluakulu zikuchitika Lamulo mphamvu ya kutali. recharge basi mtundu turret - yekha zida projectiles 16, 12 amene anayikidwa mwachindunji mu ng'oma ndi. makina ali okonzeka ndi awiri 9P162 launchers 9P163. Nthawi analola kuti chiyambi cha ulimi ndi 20-30 masekondi.

Mu zikhalidwe makamaka kovuta

Kapangidwe ka "mphalasa" zovuta amatipatsa kuthekera dismantling a Launcher ndi galimoto nkhondowo vuto la kusowa. The zinthu panthawi ya nkhondo angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Ngati BM anataya Inde, ndi kuchititsa moto chobisika kapena kufikako galimoto udindo (mu mapiri kapena midzi), unsembe 9P163 kuchotsedwa malo okhazikika pa BM ndipo kwa malo oyenera. Mwadzidzidzi chida champhamvu amatha moto kuswa disadvantageous kudzifutukula vuto ndi zimakhudza zotsatira za nkhondo kotheratu.

"Mphalasa" kunja

Mu 1997 pa chionetsero mu Abu Dhabi Russian kufotokoza kwa nthawi yoyamba kuperekedwa kwa kudzakhala ogula chida antitank dongosolo "mphalasa". Zida, chithunzi limapanga ndi timapepala ta, anapanga zakukhudzani chifukwa chachikulu kuchokera kale "Metis", "Mpikisano" ndi "Fagot" - ndi laser, osati waya dongosolo malangizo. Anthu amene akufuna kugula zovuta mphamvu yake zida sanatenge nthawi yaitali kudikira. Algeria, Greece, India, Jordan, Ivory Coast, Peru, Syria, Turkey, ndi, malinga ndi lipoti zosatsimikiza, Libya - Dziko akonzekeretse asilikali ake ndi zamakono zida Russian antitank (anafuna katundu kusinthidwa wa "Kornet-E"). mivi Only 35 chikwi ndi mazana ambiri launchers zinalembedwa mpaka 2009, kuphatikizapo wokwera pa BRDM-2M BMP-2M. Kumene, cholinga chachikulu cha Mlengi wakhala akuphunzitsa pa Russian Army, koma, monga zambiri nkhani ndi zitsanzo bwino zida kulamulira yogawa awo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anatsimikizira yovuta.

kusalankhula katundu

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo polandirira msonkho ATGM "Kornet-E" pa akunja chuma msika wa atolankhani zinachititsa kuti malipoti ambiri a ntchito zida zothandiza odana thanki mu osiyanasiyana padziko lonse mikangano dera. Bungwe "Hezbollah" wagwiritsa ntchito yolimbana ndi IDF mu 2006 (IDF anataya 46 "Mercan," ngakhale kuti pali umboni fanizo ili understated, ndipo makamaka anatentha 164 magalimoto). mafotokozedwe A zotheka pamaso pa "mphalasa" ndi "Siriya njanji", ngakhale kuti tifufuza chiyambi cha njira imeneyi kuli kovuta. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi LIH Chisilamu, chidwi ndi zipolopolo (mwina Russian kupanga) thanki "Abrams" ndi magalimoto angapo oti muli nazo zida. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zida chomwecho anagwiritsa ntchito ndi asilikali aku Iraq ndi zigaŵenga a "boma Chisilamu" m'chigawo cha Diyala (2014). Kenako akatswiri Chiyukireniya anati anapeza pa malo kuphulika zinyalala KUTENTHA warhead, amene anasunga kuda chodetsa kusonyeza tsiku kupanga (2009) a projectile, "mphalasa". Zida ku militias amachokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka iwo akagwidwa, koma kafukufukuyu (ngati si yabodza wina) angafooketse mfundo yachilendo Russia udindo yokhudza zinthu mu Donbass.

NdiAmene ndi opanga

Vs Fimushkin, OV Sazhnikov ndi S. N. Dozorov anapatsidwa State Prize kwa chilengedwe cha zovuta lachitatu m'badwo "mphalasa" (2002). Chaka chotsatira zinali zodzaza nyota za mlengi wina, amene anali ndi polojekitiyi - Zaharova Lva Grigorevicha (a Order "Pakuti Inagwira" digiri lachitatu). Zikuoneka Mphotho bwino choyenerera. General chitukuko bungwe otchuka Engineering Design Bureau. chida The amapangidwa pa zomangamanga chomera iwo. VA Dektyareva (Kovrov). omanga Industrial zitsulo ndi zina makampani Russian chitetezo, monga makina mbewu Volsk Saratov Oblast ndi OJSC "Tulatochmash".