Mpeni a chingwe ndi manja ake

Kugula mpeni zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndithudi, palibe vuto. Ngati mulibe osiyanasiyana okwanira masamba ochiritsira kapena mtundu, mungapeze katswiri ntchito pa dongosolo payekha.

Komabe, inu mukhoza kupita njira zina - kupanga mpeni yekha. Kuyambira nthawi yoyamba kuti tiyambe tsamba wangwiro zambiri ndithu, koma amene amadziwa ...

A mpeni amamwa wa pachingwecho - waima ntchito, chifukwa mwina Mkhalidwe tsamba ndi chitsanzo kuonekera pa tsamba, popangidwa ndi oyambitsa zigawo zitsulo m'kati kulipira.

Kusankha zinthu

masamba kupanga lero zikugwira connoisseurs woona yekha wa luso la. Komabe, ngakhale woyamba wosula ndipo aliyense akhoza kuyesera kuti alimbikire mpeni panokha.

Chophweka njira kuchita izi kuchokera pa chidutswa pakatikati pa rebar, wapamwamba wakale kapena gawo la akasupe magalimoto. Pang'ono kovuta izo unchain kubowola kapena khola mwankhanza. Munthu akhoza kupeza chifukwa chidwi katundu unyolo wa chainsaw kapena injini ya galimoto.

zakuthupi wina amene ali pambuyo kulipira kungakhale tsamba khalidwe ndi waya. mitima ake zigwirizana mpweya zitsulo, wokhoza kusunga kumalire zabwino pambuyo kuumitsa. Ngati ife kusamalira kusunga chitsanzo nsalu pambuyo kulipira, mungafunike tsamba kwambiri choyambirira, zingaoneke amatikumbutsa kuthengo Damasiko zitsulo.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa kuti muganize momwe kuti mpeni mwa pachingwecho? Ziwiri zofunika nuance: choyamba - ngati katundu zakuthupi mkulu pa processing asagwetsedwe chachiwiri - adzaoneka kumeneko pa tsamba kuonekera chithunzi, Mochititsa chidwi kutembenukira mu nsonga chinzake.

damask

Poyamba lakuthwa ndi odalirika masamba pulasitiki unatengera ndi chitsanzo pa tsamba otchedwa damask (mu Baibulo lina - m'chigawo Foolad F.c. Persian kumene iwo anapangidwa). makhalidwe ndi akwaniritsa ndi zooneka zotsatira njira zosiyanasiyana.

Zitsulo akhoza smelt mu zitsulo kuponyera mbiya ndi kuyesa zikuchokera zakuthupi. Njira ina - "kuphika" osiyana kuuma zitsulo Mzere kenako akupeka unchained chifukwa preform. Masamba linapanga wosula mwa njira yapadera anadziwika monga damask.

Amasiyana ndi ndendende opanga ndi luso osati kujambula makhalidwe ndi digiri ya mwamphamvu. Sankabisa mpeni pa chingwe ndi manja anu, mungayesere kulenga lupanga chosonyeza chokhala ndi zinthu. Ngakhale kujambula pa akadaulo - si mapeto palokha, komabe chizindikiro cha Damasiko zitsulo.

Kulipira zida ndi zipangizo

Muthanso mpeni kuchokera chingwe ndi manja anu, muyenera kuphunzira osachepera osachepera mlingo wosula luso. Izi zimafuna awiri nyundo, chimodzi chachikulu (2 kg), winayo - mbandakucha (0.5 makilogalamu) kwa ntchito zabwino, ndi pincers, Chipala ndi amamwa ng'anjo (safanana) ndi mpweya simuchita.

Simungakhoze kuchita popanda m'kati zotsimikizira grinders, makina akupera, kuwotcherera. Tikusowa vise ndi wrench. Mafuta mbiya ya atha kutumikira ngati makala ku macheka, kupereka malungo, pamene chifuniro reheated preform kutentha pamwamba 1200 ° C.

Pakuti bwino "chidindo", mungagwiritse ntchito borax monga kamwazi ndi. Iwo amachotsa lonse ndiponso kupewa amatopa nkhani mpweya. M'pofunikanso kukonzekera mafuta a oipa, pofuna kupewa ngozi.

Pofuna kupindula ndi msonkhano wina wa smithy wosula kapena ogwira ntchito ndi nyundo mawotchi kungakuthandizeni kwambiri atsogolere ntchito.

kukonzekera

Kuti mpeni mwa chingwe, makamaka kuchita pepala lake sewero kapena sewero. Ndiye inu muyenera kupeza chuma bwino. Muyenera fufuzani ndi chosonyeza kuona zikuchokera kwa mpweya mu izo.

Izi adzaona ngati tsamba tsogolo anaumitsa, zitenga kusunga nsonga ndipo ngati adzakangamira kwa osula "kuwotcherera". Chongani kuti nsakali kwa mwala woperera lapansi. Amtengo wandiweyani lalanje mtolo awo zidzatanthauza kuti kuwotcherera n'kotheka, mpweya mu zitsulo lili 1%, amene chikukwanira kuumitsa.

Kenako muyenera kudula chidutswa cha chingwe cha kutalika. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anatsimikiza ndi njira zotsimikizira khasu. Zimakhala ku kutalika limodzi la chingwe popanda kulipira. Mpeni pachiyambi taonani, koma ndi kulemera yabwino.

Njira ina - kuti china chotulutsa ndi ndodo magetsi kuwotcherera kwa kutalika zovekera chingwe. Kwa chogwirira ngati womasuka kugwira, Kutentha ndi preform mu ng'anjo ndi processing ndi nyundo. Kenako mungathe kupanga oyimba kapena kusamalira, riveted, anapereka laths.

Musanayambe kumanga chingwe cha clamps wa waya zitsulo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zachitika kuti mawaya woonda musati kumasulira pa ndondomeko magetsi.

Ngati chingwe kuti alimbikire mpeni?

Ng'anjo adagona adasonkha preform ndipo analola kuti konzekera kwa 800 ° C. Pa nthawi imeneyi, chingwe ndi mitima akumasulidwa (annealing), chuma ndi ofewa. Komanso kuwotcha mafuta ndi dothi.

Pambuyo yozizira, workpiece ndi clamped mu wachiwiri ndi kuwotcherera magetsi scald kumalekezero a chingwe cha. Wrench kuti "dokruchivaetsya" m'kupita kwa kuluka kwa kachulukidwe pazipita. Scald mapeto ena ndi munthawi yomweyo kukhazikitsidwa fixture kutalika kwa mayiko. Waya clamps amachotsedwa, ndi preform ndi mkangano kwa 1200 ° C, mochuluka kutsanulira borax. M'pofunika malowedwe bwino. akupeka "kuwotcherera" imagwiridwa pambuyo reheating. Lolemera nyundo unfetters chingwe pamodzi ndege nthawi n'kuwaza borax.

Kukolola nthawi zonse n'kumawotha mmwamba. kangati kuchita izo, kwambiri zikuchitika kulipira bwino "welded" zakuthupi. Pambuyo akhakula Machining chiphaso kwa tsamba peening, tsogolo zotsogola a shank lapansi. Pa nthawi imeneyi akugwiritsa ntchito azikagogoda ang'onoang'ono misa, kupereka preform mawonekedwe, chokhala ndi sewero tsamba lotsatira.

zovuta umisiri

Onetsetsani, osalola kuti ukhale pansi kutentha kwa workpiece lapansi. Kugwira ntchito ndi nyundo katundu, makamaka popanda mchitidwe yake ndi zinachitikira, inu mosavuta kuwononga mapini chingwe ku malo ayenera kukhala chitsanzo osiyana a kuluka. Osafunika kugwa m'mphepete kukona kwa sledgehammer pa workpiece preheated kusiya dents kwambiri, zomwe sizingatheke pogaya kutali. Pamene ndondomeko ndi mosalephera mpweya burnup wa zitsulo. Pali mfiti kuti unfetters mpeni kuchokera chingwe pa nkhuni wandiweyani, aikidwa pa ndege ya Chipala lapansi. Pokhudzana ndi zitsulo kotentha smolders, mumlengalenga mpweya ndi combusted mu malo kukhudzana, amene kumachepetsa mlingo wa chuma mpweya wotentha. Komanso, raskovyvaya chingwe pa mtengo, inu kupeza zimene akusowekapo akamazizira pang'onopang'ono, n'zotheka mkombero umodzi kuchita ntchito zambiri.

njira makamaka

Kulipira mpeni kuchokera chingwe ndi zotheka ndi pa zida zina. mbuye iliyonse yomwe Muthanso "kuwotcherera" mmatumba annealed preform tikaumbike chingwe mu utali Napempha kwa chitoliro gawo zosapanga dzimbiri. awiri ake amusankha m'njira yakuti chingwe anali gawo la iye zolimba kwambiri, ndi zina khama.

Onse malekezero a nkhani iyi ndi welded ndi kuwotcherera magetsi, kusakaniza malekezero a chingwe kuti chitoliro lapansi. preform ndi usavutike kutentha 1200-1300 ° C ndi monga unfetters amenewa. Alloyed zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo chubu ndi chingwe si welded koma amatumikira pakusalabadira chochokera kulipira m'goli. Komanso, muli waya salowa kukhudzana ndi mpweya ndi mpweya mu izo osapsa pa kulipira kochepa.

Ngati ntchito ndi atolankhani hayidiroliki, zikhoza kwambiri atsogolere wosula "kuwotcherera". Pambuyo Kutentha kwa 1300 ° C mubokosi ndi chingwe aikidwa pansi pa katundu n'kulola kuti kuziziritsa. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito masanjidwewo, ndi yomweyo zotheka kupanga thickening wa khosi kupita ndi tsamba pa khasu ndi obushok shank. Pamene Kutentha pafupi kulipira kudzera choncho Kwatha mawonekedwe tsamba.

Pambuyo kuzirala, chubu Kadulidwa pa mapeto sandpaper, komwe nsonga adzakhala. Mwakhama mosamala muli ntchito chisel. processing wa workpiece kumachitika pa emery gudumu. Pre apatsidwa mbali zosafunika kupanga mibadwo popanda komaliza tsamba Kukulitsa.

akuchiritsa

Tempering tsamba ndi lofunika kwambiri monganso mmene kusankha zitsulo. Malinga ndi sayansi ya mpeni chingwe pambuyo kulipira ndi voteji, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chaichi, workpiece ndi usavutike 800 ° C ndi analola kuti kuziziritsa.

Tempering amachitidwa pa tsamba Kutentha kwa 1200 ° C. nsonga zake ndi adatchithisira pansi mu mafuta otentha ndipo chete. Tsamba ndiye muyenera kuti zipite. Wake anali mwayeretsa ku coke ndi mkangano 200 ° C ndiyeno adatchithisira mu mafuta. Ena afiti kuzimitsidwa mipeni kudzera mafuta (adatchithisira kumtunda masekondi awiri), ndipo kenako anaikidwa madzi amchere.

Pickling ndi kumalizitsa ntchito

Pambuyo mankhwala kutentha, kutsegula kwa chingwe ndi kuuluka, anapanga kutsirizitsa komaliza tsamba ndi tsamba shank kwa kuika khasu. Kudziwa chitsanzo preform ndi adatchithisira mu njira (5%) cha mankhwala enaake ferric ndi kuloledwa etching. Mankhwalawa nthawi zimadalira kwenikweni ankafunila ndipo kungakhale kwa ola limodzi.

Ngati pamaso pa tsamba ndodo osindikizira, umene kudula chizindikiro Mlengi wa (Maina kapena chifaniziro chilichonse), chifukwa izo izikhala pa zitsulo ndi umboni za olemba a tsamba. Kenako, chabwino akupera ndi sandpaper chabwino ndi masamba opukutidwa.

Isanafike opaleshoni kapena pambuyo unsembe unapangidwa anasankha mtundu khasu. akalowa Izi zikhoza kupangidwa za mtengo wapatali ndi kapangidwe chidwi, splicers washers amayi osiyana mu ndondomeko iliyonse anakhumba kapena Mwachitsanzo, kudula antlers.

Izi choyambirira ndipo mwaluso anaphedwa mpeni pa chingwe (chithunzi pamwambapa) kutulutsa nthawi yoyamba, mwina zilibe ntchito, koma ngati inu mukufuna kuti adziwe luso la masamba kupanga, chifukwa ichi tiyenera kuyesetsa.