Mmene mungaphunzitsire mawu omveka bwino: ntchito, malamulo ndi zitsanzo

Lero, palimodzi tidzakhala ophunzirira kuphweka mafotokozedwe oyenera, kudziŵa malamulo oyambirira ndikuphunzira choonadi chowona pa ntchito za malingaliro.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chifukwa chake chinthu chino chikufunika. Kodi munayamba mwazindikira momwe mukulankhulira? Chonde onani kuti zolankhula ndi zochita zathu nthawi zonse zimatsatira malamulo a logic. Kuti mudziwe zotsatira za chochitikacho komanso osagwidwa, funsani malamulo osavuta ndi omveka bwino a malingaliro. Zidzakuthandizani kuti musapangidwe bwino mu masayenzi a pakompyuta kapena mutenge mipira yambiri pamsampha umodzi wa boma, komanso muzichita zinthu mmoyo osati mwachisawawa.

Ntchito

Kuti muphunzire kusinthasintha mawu oyenera, muyenera kudziwa:

• Kodi ntchito ziri mu Boolean algebra;
• Malamulo a kuchepetsa ndi kusintha kwa mawu;
• Lamulo la ntchito.

Tsopano tikambirana nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ntchito. Ndizosavuta kukumbukira.

1. Choyamba, tikuwona kuchulukitsa kokwanira, mu mabuku omwe amatchedwa opaleshoni. Ngati vutoli lalembedwa ngati mafotokozedwe, opaleshoniyo imasonyezedwa ndi chikhomo chosasinthika, kuchulukitsa kapena "&".
2. Ntchito yotsatira yowonjezereka ndi yowonjezera yowonjezera kapena disjunction. Amadziwika ndi nkhupakupa kapena chizindikiro chowonjezera.
3. Kutaya kapena kusokoneza ntchito ndikofunikira. Kumbukirani momwe mu Chirasha iwe unasankha choyamba. Zojambulajambula, kusokonezeka kumasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro choyambani pamaso pa mawu kapena mzere wosakanikirana pamwamba pake.
4. Zotsatira zomveka (kapena kutanthauza) zimasonyezedwa ndi muvi kuchokera ku mtengo kupita kuntchito. Ngati tiganiziranso zochitikazo kuchokera ku chiyankhulo cha Chirasha, ndiye kuti zikugwirizana ndi kumanga kwa chiganizo ichi: "ngati ..., ndiye ...".
5. Chotsatira chimabwera chofanana, chomwe chimasonyezedwa ndi makutu awiri. Mu Chirasha, opaleshoniyi ili ndi mawonekedwe: "pokhapo."
6. Chombo cha Schaeffer chimagawanitsa mawu awiriwa ndi mpiringidzo.
7. Mtsinje wa Pierce, ngati Shaffer wakukwapulidwa, umagawana mawuwo ndivi lolowera.

Onetsetsani kukumbukira kuti ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitidwa motsatizana motsatizana: kunyalanyaza, kuchulukitsa, kuwonjezera, zotsatira, kufanana. Kwa ntchito "Stereke ya Sheffer" ndi "Mtsinje wa Pierce" palibe lamulo loyambirira. Choncho, ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira ndondomeko zomwe zimayimilira m'mawu ovuta.

Zoona zowona

Onetsani mawu omveka bwino ndi kumanga tebulo la choonadi kuti muthe kulikonza popanda kudziwa magome a ntchito zoyenera. Tsopano tikufuna kuti tidziŵe bwino. Dziwani kuti zikhulupiliro zingatenge mtengo weniweni kapena wabodza.

Kwa cholumikizira, gome likuwoneka monga:

Gulu la disjunction:

Kutaya:

Zotsatira zake:

Kufanana:

Schiffer bar:

Pierce Wamtsinje:

Malamulo a kuphweka

Pa funso la momwe tingafewetsere mfundo zomveka mu kompyuta sayansi, tidzathandizidwa kuti tipeze mayankho a malamulo osavuta ndi omveka a malingaliro.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi lamulo lophweka la kutsutsana. Ngati tikulingalira mfundo zosiyana (A ndi ayi), ndiye kuti timapeza bodza. Pankhani ya Kuwonjezera kwa mfundo zosiyana, timapeza choonadi, lamulo ili limatchedwa "lamulo lachitatu." Kawirikawiri mu algebra ya Boolean muli mawu omwe amatsutsidwa mobwerezabwereza (osati aA), mmalo mwake timapeza yankho A. Pali malamulo awiri a Morgan:

• Ngati tili ndi kuwonjezereka kosamvetsetsa, ndiye kuti tikulengeza mau awiri ndi kutembenuza (osati (A + B) = osatiA * notB);
• Lamulo lachiwiri likuchitanso chimodzimodzi, ngati tili ndi ntchito yowonjezera, ndiye kuti tikupeza kuwonjezera kwa mfundo ziwiri ndi chidziwitso.

Kawirikawiri kubwereza kumachitika, mtengo womwewo (A kapena B) umawonjezedwa kapena wochuluka. Zikatero, lamulo la kubwereza (A * A = A kapena B + B = B) liri lovomerezeka. Palinso malamulo a kuyamwa:

• A + (A * B) = A;
• A * (A + B) = A;
• A * (osatiA + B) = A * B.

Pali malamulo awiri ogwiritsira ntchito:

• (A * B) + (A * B) = A;
• (A + B) * (A + B) = A.

Kuphweka mawu omveka ndi ophweka ngati mukudziwa malamulo a Boolean algebra. Malamulo onse omwe ali mu gawo lino akhoza kutsimikiziridwa moyesera. Kuti muchite izi, mutsegule mabotolo molingana ndi malamulo a masamu.

Chitsanzo 1

Taphunzira mbali zonse za kuphweka mafotokozedwe olondola, tsopano ndi kofunika kulimbikitsa chidziwitso chawo chatsopano. Tikukupemphani kuti musanthule pamodzi zitsanzo zitatu kuchokera ku maphunziro a sukulu ndi matikiti ovomerezeka a boma.

Mu chitsanzo choyamba, tifunika kufotokoza mawu: (C * E) + (C * notE). Choyamba, timaganizira kuti muzitsulo zoyamba ndi zachiwiri zimakhala zofanana ndi Z, timakuuzani kuti muchotse pa mabotolo. Pambuyo poyendetsa, timapeza mawu akuti: C * (E + osatiE). Poyamba, tinkalingalira lamulo loti tisagwiritse ntchito gawo lachitatu, timaligwiritsa ntchito ponena mawu awa. Pambuyo pake, tingathe kunena kuti E + si E = 1, choncho mawu athu amatenga mawonekedwe: C * 1. Tikhoza kuthetsa kufotokozera kumeneku, podziwa kuti C * 1 = C.

Chitsanzo 2

Ntchito yathu yotsatira idzakhala: Kodi mawu osavuta kumveka ndi chiyani (C + ayi) + osati (C + E) + C * E?

Tawonani, mu chitsanzo ichi, pali kukana mafotokozedwe ovuta, ndibwino kuti tipewe, kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo a Morgan. Kuwagwiritsa ntchito, timapeza mawu: osatiC * E + notC * notE + C * E. Timayang'ananso kubwereza kwamasinthasintha pamagulu awiri, timachotsa pa mabakiteriya: osati C * (E + neE) + C * E. Apanso, timagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lochotsa: osatiC * 1 + C * E. Tikukumbukira kuti mawu akuti "notC * 1" ali ofanana osatiC: notC + C * E. Kenako, tikutsatira lamulo logawa: (notC + C) * (notC + E). Timagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lochotseratu lachitatu: osati C + E.

Chitsanzo chachitatu

Mukukhulupirira kuti ndizosavuta kuti zikhale zosavuta kumva. Chitsanzo Nambala 3 chidzajambula pang'onopang'ono, yesetsani kuchita nokha.

Pezani mawu: (D + E) * (D + F).

1. D * D + D * F + E * D + E * F;
2. D + D * F + E * D + E * F;
3. D * (1 + F) + E * D + E * F;
4. D + E * D + E * F;
5. D * (1 + E) + E * F;
6. D + E * F.

Monga mukuonera, ngati mumadziwa malamulo a kuphweka mafotokozedwe ovuta kumveka, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi siidzakupangitsani mavuto.