Mitundu ya mbalame: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Mbalame - mbalame a m'banja la mbalame finch passerine. Iwo ali dzina lawo chifukwa cha mphamvu yake kumanga zisa anapanga masamba woonda mofewa, deftly kulekanitsa mulitali wawo wonse wa usasungunuke. Wokongola, yowala ndi wokangalika mbalame - mbalame. Mitundu ndi malongosoledwe a iwo, ife azipereka m'nkhani ino.

mbali kunja

Mbalame - mbalame yaing'ono. thupi lawo si zoposa khumi masentimita, ndi mtundu yowala ndi yokongola iwo tikhale atapita masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri pambuyo pa kubadwa. The wamwamuna ali ndi nthenga owala, koma wamkazi zambiri paler, ndi mikwingwirima wakuda pamutu. mbalame Young kusiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa wakuda mulomo zimene zimawoneka zachilendo kwambiri, chifukwa kapangidwe ake akufanana ndi phula. Ndi chifukwa chake mbalame amatchedwa voskoklyuvymi. zosiyanasiyanazo mbalame ndi mumtundu, koma Tikambirana lino.

malo

mbalame ang'onoang'ono amenewa amapezeka pafupifupi lonse Asia South. Ena mitundu ya mbalame zokhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Timor, Myanmar, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Papua New Guinea ndi Sri Lanka.

mitundu

Ornithologists kuti lero pali mitundu oposa mazana atatu ndi subspecies nkhuku wokongola. Koma lero ife azipereka inu ambiri ndi otchuka mitundu ya mbalame, amene ali oyenera kwambiri kunyumba m'ndende.

mbidzi finch

Izi mamembala a mitundu nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Australia, ndipo ndi ofanana kumeneko ndi ku zigawo louma ndi nkhalango. Ngati iwo vending m'dera ali kuli anthu, atakhala ku makhoti, m'misewu, m'minda. Mbidzi-finch, zithunzi zomwe mungathe onani pansipa, izo patokha. Choncho, iwo amakonda kulenga nkhosa yaikulu. Iwo ngakhale mpumulo, kusamalira osati kusamuka kwa mzake, ndi kuwuluka yekha pofunafuna malawi.

mitundu akhoza masabata kupita popanda kumwa madzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbidzi finch mu pompo-pompo angathe kumwa madzi amchere kwambiri pa chilala. Mbalame zina mpweya wambiri wa zili mchere zambiri amapha.

Mbidzi-finch chisa yomanga malo otetezedwa ku abuluzi ndi njoka, omwe si mantha kudya mazira. Kawirikawiri agwire mu tchire prickly kapena minda m'maenje yaing'ono, m'maenje ndi zina zotero. D.

Mfundo yoyamba za kulima mtundu wa mbalame za XIX m'ma kunyumba. Popeza mbalame zimenezi zatchuka kwambiri pakati birdwatchers. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi kusintha kwambiri maonekedwe a mbalame izi. Mbalame mitundu kuthengo ndi mitundu zikuuluka mizere bwino, ndipo akukhala mu ukapolo malire amenewa mulibe. Komanso, wachikasu ndi zofiirira mitundu kukhala zimalimbikitsa.

Obereketsa kupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa kuswana nkhuku ndi mtundu wapadera kuti sichingapezeke mu chirengedwe. Choncho, mu makumi oyambirira a atumwi wotsiriza anaonekera woyera mbidzi mbalame ndi maso mdima kuti kusiyanitsa iwo kuchokera albinos ena.

mpunga finch

mamembala awa a mitundu amaonedwa kukhala waukulu pakati Anzawo ake. Rice mbalame (chithunzi mukuonera nkhaniyi) ndi thupi kutalika 15 masentimita 17 dziko la mbalame -. Bali chilumba. Koma iwo Tingaone pafupifupi kulikonse pa dziko lapansi. Akatswiri amanena izi chakuti kuŵetedwa mbalame n'kupita kudziko lina, Anauluka kutuluka kwa maselo ndi bwino mizu mu gawo latsopano. Iwo amakonda kukhazikika mu minda ya mpunga, mogwirizana ndi zomwe nalo dzina lake.

Japanese finch: Mitundu

mbalame akhoza akulimbikitsidwa kusunga novice okonda mbalame. Zimenezi pamodzi ndi chingolopiyo, ali kale a kuweta - zaka zoposa 400. Choyamba anayamba kudzala Chinese, amene ali wotchuka chifukwa miyambo yawo wakale wa kuswana mbalame.

China finch izi anabweretsedwa ku Japan. Ndi apa kuti pali ena subspecies a mtundu wake, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX idagwa ku Ulaya. Apa zinaoneka mayina awiri monga: chokulungira Public (kwa chikhalidwe mtendere) kapena Japanese. Makolo a mitundu ndi mkuwa-finch, lomwe masiku ano amakhala ku nkhalango ya kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa panali angapo zinalephereka akuyesetsa kuti awoloke zakutchire ndi mitundu zoweta zamkuwa Japanese Munia, koma mapeto ntchito ya sayansi bwino. Iwo anali analandira ana hybrid, koma kunapezeka kuti wobala zipatso ndithu: kwa akazi hybrid ndi amuna ali anapiye. Pakali pano, anapiye ayipangira wachitatu ndi wachinayi mibadwo.

Japanese finch (mitundu ndi zithunzi za mbalame m'banja awa akuimira m'nkhani), tsopano kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera mu masamba a mabuku ornithological chifukwa cha chidwi kwambiri kwa okonda mbalame. Makamaka tikaganizira kuti masiku ano pali mitundu zambiri za izo:

• gwape;
• crested;
• akuda zofiirira;
• red-akuda;
• zoyera ndi zina zotero.

Onsewo zikukangalika kuchulukana, koma chinthu chachikulu kuti mbalame izi ndi sitters kwambiri, nannies ndi makolo oterewa kuti zosiyanasiyana finch anapiye.

Gouldian finch

Tikukhulupirira kuti maganizo kuperekedwa mu izi mbalame Nkhani (chithunzi ndi maina) chingatithandize owerenga kusankha wokongola ndi osangalatsa nthenga Pet. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbalame ali ndi mtundu chidwi kwambiri banja lake. Mamembala a mitundu Pangakhale angapo nthenga kaso.

M'mikhalidwe mwachilengedwe, iwo alipo ambiri kumpoto kwa Australia ndi kukhala mitundu zikutha. mbalame dzina lake okumbukira mkazi wa zachilengedwe Dzhona Gulda mu UK, amene pamodzi naye anapita maulendowa zonse, ndipo pambuyo umodzi wa maulendo ake anamwalira. Poyamba, dzina adawomba mosiyana - finch Lady nyumba. makhalidwe ake mbalame Gouldian Finch ndi yosiyana ndi achibale awo. Taonani chimene icho chiri.

mbalame izi - mbalame kuti ali kuthengo zambiri amasamukira pakutha pa nyengo ya mvula, pamene iwo anayamba mavuto chakudya. Chakudya pa nthawi iyi pali okha youma udzu mbewu, amene iwo kupeza pansi. Koma chinthu ndi kuti mbalame Gouldian Finch safuna kudya kuchokera pansi, choncho ntchentche anapita kukafuna mavuto, nthawi zambiri akuponya chisa ndi mazira ndi zina aswa anapiye.

wazikang'a finch

mitundu ya mbalame akhala kudziwika kwa mafani athu okha khumi zapitazi. Ndipo mu maiko ena m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, mbalame umakhala ndi minda pamaso chisanu ndi nyumba za mafumu. Asungeni wosalira zambiri koma kawetedwe mu ukapolo, iwo satero nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame squamous anayamba kuswana posachedwapa.

Dzina la mtundu uwu n'zosadabwitsa molondola limatsindika mbali ya nthenga mbalame - thupi lake utoto malankhulidwe bulauni, ndi mbali ndi pa mmunsi mwa thupi lake ndi woderapo chitsanzo chokhala ndi mamba nsomba. Khosi ndi mutu wake ndi zofiirira, ndi ena ndi mdima kwambiri. Kubisa chapamwamba mchira nthenga ndi nadhvoste chikasu, ndi woyera undertail. Utsogoleri ndi ndege nthenga woderapo. Akazi ndi amuna ndi mtundu womwewo. mbalame Young ali achimvekere, zofiirira-bulauni, ndi gawo mdima chapamwamba za thupi.

mbalame amakhala mu Indochina, India, mu Madera a kum'mwera kwa China, Taiwan ndi Indonesia. Izo zikukhazikitsa wa kunja kwa nkhalango, mu m'nkhalango tchire, madambo savannah, koma nthawi zonse pafupi ndi anthu azikhalamo.

kudula-pakhosi finch

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'zaka zosiyana pa mafani nthenga anali wotchuka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. Mwachitsanzo, mu zaka 70-80 Mu zaka zapitazo, mafani Russian, ndi onse oyamba ndi ozindikira anasankha dzina mbalame. Dzina limeneli chifukwa cha wanzeru chofiira gulu ili kudutsa mmero wake. mtundu m'malo achilendo - kumtunda kwa thupi ali kuwala bulauni nthenga, mbali ya mutu komanso pakhosi mwayera, ndipo, ndithudi, khalidwe wofiira lamizeremizere.

Pamimba ndi chifuwa utoto malankhulidwe kuwala bulauni ndi pang'ono wachikasu kum'chitira. Pakati pa pamimba ndi woderapo banga. nthenga zonse kupatula podhvoste mbali ya mutu ndi khosi, kuphimba mdima milozo mtanda. Mchira ndi zofiirira, ndi mawanga kuwala pamapeto a nthenga mchira. Mlomo ndi wotumbululuka imvi.

The wamkazi ndi zosiyana mu mtundu kwa mwamuna, koma mmbuyo ndi mutu iye ali ndi imvi kulocha ndi malo mdima pa pamimba ndi zochepa kwambiri. Koma mbali yaikulu ndi kupanda mikwingwirima wamkazi wofiira pakhosi pake, pamene amuna achinyamata chibadwire ndi khalidwe ili, kotero breeder sikovuta kudziwa kugonana a mbalame.

diamondi finch

Mitundu yonse ya mbalame ndi mtundu wapadera kwathunthu. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo anawapeza admirers ake. Choncho, mafani nthenga kuzindikira diamondi mbalamezo kwa okongola kwambiri Mosiyana ake ndipo nthawi yomweyo nthenga wosakhwima. Mwamuna ndi mkazi ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimodzimodzi. Mapiko ndi kumbuyo ndi kuwala bulauni, nape ndi kumtunda kwa mutu - imvi. The gawo pakati pa pamimba, undertail, pakhosi ndi mbali ya mutu - woyera, chifuwa, m'chiuno, mchira ndi "chapakamwa" - wakuda. Koma makamaka amanyadira mbalame izi ndi chitumbuwa yofiira nadhvoste.

Boca pamimba yokutidwa ndi zambiri mawanga woyera pa wakuda maziko. Iwo anapereka mayina a mbalame. mbalamezo Young utoto mu kuwala bulauni mtundu, ndi nadhvoste iwo ofiira owala. Izi mbalame wokongola abwera kwa ife kuchokera kum'mawa Australia, kumene iwo kuthetsa m'chigawo busa ndi zitsamba kawirikawiri ndi mitengo. Zisa iwo kumanga lalikulu, chowulungika, zambiri mu nthambi za mitengo wandiweyani. Zikukhazikitsa mtundu uwu madera ang'ono. Mukhoza kuona kuti zisa khumi ndi mtengo womwewo.

Ku Ulaya, mtundu uwu unayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, ndi ana oyamba anaonekera mu 1859. Mu ukapolo, mbalame awa anali osayenera lalikulu kapena zolembera, monga iwo sachedwa kunenepa amafuna kusuntha.

Mbalamezo kuimba?

Yaimuna amagwiritsa mingoli wake kukopa zazikazi. Wake "Aryans" Cholinga chake polenga awiri kuti zina kupotokola ndi chisa wake wosankhidwa ndi kulera ana. Maganizo a eni nyimbo zake ndi osiyana: ena amati mbalame awo zikuimba zabwino ndi mokweza m'mawa, ngakhale palibe chitsanzo Alamu koloko. Ena amaona kuimba mbalame chete, mochuluka ngati akulira. Nthumwi za mitundu mbidzi othandiza wonyong'onya chete ndi ena nyimbo zachisoni.

Okhutira ya mbalamezo

Pakuti yokonza mbalame izi mu selo kunyumba m'pofunika kuti tikhale ndi kukula kwa 350 × 200 × 250 mamilimita ndi kukhala retractable pansi poto, kulola kulongosola chiyero ndi momwemo popanda mavuto. Pansi pa maselo ayenera lembani wosanjikiza (za ziwiri masentimita) zouma mchenga, amene nthawi ziyenera kusintha kwa watsopano. Selo aikidwa mu malo kuwala, kuchokera drafts, pamene kuiwala kuti mbalame zimenezi poyera kuti dzuwa kwa maola osachepera atatu tsiku.

Mu chipinda kumene khola waikidwa, pasakhale kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha. Ziyenera kukhala zonse - + 18-20 ° C. Eni ayenera kudziwa kuti mbalame sangakhoze kulekerera fodya, mapokoso okweza. Komanso, kayendedwe mwadzidzidzi akhoza kwambiri imawaopseza ndipo ngakhale imfa n'kamodzi.

Mbalamezo samaona pakufunikira madzi, wamng'ono toti tagwirizana. Madzi nthawi zonse siidzasamalidwa kapena osasankhidwa. Kuwonjezera chadzaoneni, ndi selo ayenera thireyi kusambira ndi osaya ufa.

Munia: kuswana

Lero, mafani zambiri mbalame kupereka. Iwo wokongola ndi sikutanthauza chisamaliro zovuta kwambiri. Ngati Zinkhwe, mbalame mudzabala akamaziwononga. Pakuti kubalana ayenera nyumba mtengo, 12 × 12 × 12 cm, ndi wapampopi dzenje awiri a masentimita 5, ndi mbalame anamanga chisa ozungulira, ayenera makungwa, udzu wofewa ndi nkhuku nthenga yowala.

Mu mlungu akonzekeretse mbalame chisa, kenako kuikira mazira mu izo, kawirikawiri zidutswa 4-6. Waikira mazira makolo awo pamodzi milungu iwiri, imene nthawi iwo ayenera kuperekedwa lopuma, osati mantha phokoso lakuthwa. Musati muyesere popanda kuyang'ana mu kagawo, monga banja mantha chingaimitse kuswa.

Mwamuna ndi mkazi ali wakhama mu kudyetsa anapiye, belching chakudya kuchokera goiters awo. Anapiye kukula mofulumira kwambiri, otsala mu chisa masiku makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, ndiyeno n'kuisiya. Ngakhale patangotha mlungu umodzi kuchoka kwa anapiye makolo amala kudyetsa ana awo, koma pamene achinyamata potsiriza kusiya nyumba makolo, banjali anapeza kuti kuika lotsatira. Mbalame akhwime masiku makumi asanu ndi chaka, ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu zoyenera, zingabweretse kwa litters anayi, koma kuswana mbalame ayenera kukhala pambuyo zaka miyezi isanu.

Kodi kusankha mbalame?

Ngati mwaganiza m'nyumba yake mbalame mokondwera ndi zoseketsa kapena kuchita kulima awo, ayenera kulingalira kusankha Pet. okhutira ndiponso thanzi kwakukulukulu zimadalira boma lomwe udzapeza izo.

Choyamba kulabadira ntchito ya mbalame, komanso mafuta ake. Ngati ndi waulesi, zoipa chimachititsanso - ndi chizindikiro cha matenda. Osati chakuti umapulumuka anatengera kwa malo atsopano. A mbalame wathanzi azikhala achangu, ndi mawu omveka ndi kayendedwe springy.

Funsani wogulitsa kuti akakole mbalame ndi kuupereka kwa iwe mmanja mwanu. Njira yokha yomwe inu kudziwa mlingo wa mafuta. anthu kwambiri wochepa thupi kapena mafuta ndi nthenda. Nthenga sayenera zizindikiro zosonyeza ya majeremusi kapena nkhupakupa. Kulekana nthenga, mudzatha kuona mbalame za khungu, amene ayenera kukhala kuwala, pang'ono pinkish.