Mayina a mbalame nkhalango. Name ndi mitundu ya mbalame. mbalame Russia

lathuli ndi anthu mbalame zambiri, dzina nthawi zina sitiganiza n'komwe tamva. Iwo ali paliponse: m'nkhalango, mapiri, zigwa, pa malire ndi nyanja, ngakhale Titafika pamalo ozizira. The zosiyanasiyana gulu la nyama dziko kwambiri kotero kuti, mwachitsanzo, okhawo pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia akhoza kukumana oimira mitundu yoposa 400, kuphatikizapo osati anakakhala, komanso mbalame zosamukasamuka, zithunzi ndi maina basi amene ndi osavuta kupeza mu Buku la mapu a.

passerine

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa 50% ya mitundu yonse ya mbalame za kuti passerine, ndilo mkanda laling'ono (6 g), ndi yaikulu - khwangwala (1.5 kg). Pali subspecies anayi a mbalame zikuimba, polupevchie kukuwa (ankhanza) ndi shirokoklyuvye (boatbill). Makhalidwe kupenta mbalame, monga matabwa, ndi yosiyanasiyana, ndi kuimba nyimbo ndi yochititsa chidwi kuyang'ana amuna. Iwo ndi oyamba kufika pa osankhidwa malo kukaikira mazira, ndi nyimbo zake amanena kuti m'deralo ndi kukopa zazikazi. Ena mitundu, monga starlings ndi jays, amatha kutengera mawu a mbalame osiyana ndi ena mwa mawu malankhulidwe athu. Ubiquitous.

Ena passerines pa kukaikira mazira touluka moyo, koma mitundu kwambiri awiriawiri. Location anasankha wamwamuna, ndipo subspecies osiyana amakonda ichi dzenje, nthambi za mitengo, miyala, tizibowo pansi, miyala ndi zina zotero. Kubereka akupezeka yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha, ngakhale Mwachitsanzo, crossbill musawope kuzizira, ndipo ngati chakudya chokwanira (spruce ndi paini cones ), izo zisa, ngakhale mu January.

passerines zonse tikuona anapiye wobadwa pafupifupi yokutidwa ndi mfuti kuwala, wogontha, ndi wakhungu, koma kudya kukula. Kukhuta wamng'ono ndi mkazi ndiponso mwamuna. Pa masiku 10-15, limodzi ndi makolo a ana zimauluka chisa; Mitundu kuti chisa akubisala m'dzenje, chimachitika pang'ono kenako - masiku 20-25.

Mayina a mbalame za passerine, nthaŵi zonse kumva: mpheta, chickadee, oriole, kumwa starling, wagtail, oatmeal, etc. wa akuluakulu amatha kusiyanitsa khwangwala, Jay, kadinala. Thrush, Fieldfare.

m'mapaki mbalame, minda, meadows ndi minda

Unit mbalame passerine anthu minda yokongola ndi malo mzinda, moyo m'minda meadows. Forest ndipo chipululu nthumwi zambiri za kukula yaing'ono, mbalame granivorous ndi insectivorous. Iwo zoimba ndi miyendo yaifupi kuti ali mwangwiro ndinazolowera moyo mitengo. M'minda, wosakaniza nkhalango, parkland ndi minda, inu mukhoza zambiri kuona mbalame, starling, Rook, bullfinch khwangwala, Nightingale, magpie, finch, jackdaw, ndi nthumwi zina zambiri kwa dongosolo. Mayina a mbalame kudziwika kwa ife kuyambira ali mwana.

Mabanja ambiri modziwika ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za malo otseguka kumene kulibe mitengo yayitali. Zikuphatikizapo Skylark, oatmeal, fizanti, partridge ndi ena kulondera expanses wa kumunda kufufuza njoka ndi makoswe ang'ono., Akadzidzi alenje, harriers, steppe mphungu.

mbalame zonse za malo lotseguka wawo ndinazolowera chilengedwe. Ena a iwo chimachititsanso kwambiri pansi, osati chakudya, komanso kuzemba mdani, pafupifupi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mapiko. Iwo ataya luso kuuluka, koma ali ndi miyendo amphamvu ndi zala lalifupi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuti alimkusala akuthamanga, ndipo kukumba pansi. Kwa gulu ili a mbalame Galliformes (grouse, fizanti, grouse, mbira mbalame, Kraksi) Nthiwatiwa ndi ena.

Usana ndi usiku "zouluka" derali yodziwika ndi mapiko wamphamvu ndi zikhadabu chakuthwa amawathandiza kusaka. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo hawks, kites wakuda, hawks, akadzidzi, dambo ndi munda CAD, ndi zina zotero.

mbalame steppe

Russian steppe anatambasula njira yonse kuchokera kugombe la nyanja ya Azov ndi Nyanja Black ku mapiri a Ural, ndi zimangochitika kuti malo amenewa lotseguka anthu zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mbalame. Steppe ndi m'chipululu ya mbalame ndi amene timapereka dzina pa, kukakamizidwa kukhala osamala. danga Open si chuma m'misasa, kotero nthawizina yekha anachita mwamsanga ndipo ndege angapulumutse mbalame ku mdani.

Popeza steppe ndi chipululu zamoyo kusuntha kwambiri mu udzu kukafunafuna chakudya, miyendo yawo mokwanira chitukuko ichi. Kupatula partridges kwa steppe mbalame :. Demoiselle, mwala curlew, pang'ono bustard, sociable Lapwing, bustard, etc. Iwo mochenjera zobisika mu udzu chifukwa "kubisa" mtundu zolembera ndi zovuta kupeza chakudya mu dothi lachonde steppe. Zomera ndi tizilombo - chakudya chakudya, koma mbalame zithunzi nyama mayina a amene angapezeke mu buku lililonse, nyama pa njoka, achule ndi makoswe, ndiwo ambiri, ndi kusachita kunyalanyaza zovunda. Mbalame za mitundu ina zisa zawo mwachindunji mu nthaka, ndipo anthu ogwirira lalikulu - pa mitengo osowa malo amenewa.

mbalame chipululu

Mu chipululu, mbalame zazing'ono, chifukwa iwo savutika ludzu. Kum'mwera kwa Russia Astrakhan dera ndi Kalmykia kum'mawa ndi m'chipululu malo kwakukulu mu zomera ndi chinyezi yekha m'chaka. Omasuka zokwanira pouza zinthu mbalame monga nkhuku chipululu, bustard, warbler, steppe mphungu. Pa malo malire pafupi madzi kukaikira mazira zikovili, swans wosalankhula, abakha ndi egrets.

Osanenapo padziko lonse lapansi flightless mbalame - nthiwatiwa African, amene amatha kulemera makilogalamu oposa 150. Evolution watenga chisamaliro cha izo, kupereka khosi yaitali kwa mwachidule zabwino alili ndi mwendo zamphamvu kudya kuthamanga ndi kumenyana mdani pa nkhondo. Live nthiwatiwa mabanja ambiri; kudya zomera, tizilombo, abuluzi, makoswe, koma angathe kukatenga mtembo wa ogwirira chakudya. Oseketsa nkhani kuti nthiwatiwa m'manda mitu yawo mchenga - chabe nthabwala, koma akazi zimaswa pa pamaso pa ngozi kwenikweni flattened pansi kuyesera kukhala wosaoneka. Chifukwa cha kutentha m'chilimwe chipululu mbalame zimayenda usiku, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - masana, pamene kutentha.

mbalame nkhalango

Forest Birds zisa zawo mu mitengo, komanso akubisala m'dzenje. Zake zomera ndi iwo okha pogona, koma malo a zakudya. Choncho miyendo yambiri ya zamoyo imakonzedwa m'njira kuti n'zosavuta nsinga ya nthambi. Mbali wamba ndi michira italiitali ndi mapiko yotakata adzafupikitsidwa mwamsanga vula, kuchedwetsa ndi excreting ayendetsa kuchenjerera mwa nthambi wandiweyani. Ndi nkhalango mbalame monga ambiri passerine, woodpeckers, kadzidzi ndi kurinoobraznyh.

Mu kukwera ofukula thunthu la mbalame chiombankhanga ndi yakuthwa ndipo yokhota kumapeto. Ena maudindo a nkhalango mbalame mu gulu ili amakhala ndi njira za kayendedwe (nuthatches). Kuthandiza ndi bwino pikas ndi woodpeckers ntchito mchira ndipo chickadees, mbalame ndi zina Pichugov zina, kupeza chakudya, akhoza inaimitsidwa nthambi pansipa. zolusa zakutchire wasaka mu ndege, kapena mofulumira nagwa pa nyamazo.

mbalame zolusa ya m'nkhalango

Mbali khalidwe la usana ndi usiku ogwirira nkhalango yakuthwa zitamangiriridwa mulomo ndi zikhadabu lalitali miyendo amphamvu. Komanso, iwo ndi masomphenya kwambiri kumva.

Mayina ena a mbalame Russian wachokera zolusa nkhalango: akadzidzi, achisanu kadzidzi, kadzidzi, uchi khwangwala, khwangwala, goshawk ndi ena.

Origin maina a mbalame

Mayina a mbalame sadasankhidwe mwachisawawa: pafupifupi zonse zimatsatira kuli mbali iliyonse yapadera ananenera anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu ndi nyimbo kalembedwe ndi mayina a cuckoo (cuckoo), chizhu (Malaki-Malaki), titmouse (buluu hsin), Rook (gra-gra), ndi sadzu, gulls, lapwings, ndi mbalame zina zambiri.

Pofuna kukapereka khalidwe ndi mbalame ali Urals dzina: Greenfinch, grouse, redstart (Jay), ndipo ngati Pichugov monga flytrap, uchi khwangwala ndi nutcracker zikunenanji amadya. Wagtail ndi vertigolovku mosavuta kusiyana ndi khalidwe, koma malo ena mbalame kukaikira mazira kwenikweni padera mu dzina lawo: kumeza, Sand Martin kamakumba una pa gombe lalitali, warbler zobisika zomera wandiweyani wa nyanza.

Saiwalika mayina a mbalame ana ngati amatikumbutsa mawu panamveka ndi Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuyenda, monga chimeza a. Iye akuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamodzi chithaphwi matope, monga "Chapa" kwambiri kukweza miyendo yaitali, ndi chilankhulo okongoletsedwa anasintha dzina la mbalame "Chaplya" mu chimeza lapansi. Kapena ngati kugwirizana Mwachitsanzo, ndi chisanu anapita ku chiyambi cha dzina la mbalame bullfinch.

Koma alenje mukudziwa chomwe dzina lake linali grouse: pamene tokuet, ndiye mbali zimene kwenikweni wogontha ndipo sanali kumva phokoso oopsa. Koma pamene Kuimaima kumabweza lonse nkhani.

Ndi nthawi mayina a malo kufalitsidwa ku mbalame monga finch ndi phwiti. mbalame zazing'ono kuuluka ndi kuuluka kwambiri awowo sankawayankha mwansangala, miyezi ozizira, kotero iwo bwino dzina lake, ngakhale iwo mokwanira Hardy. phwiti A amene nthawi zambiri zikukhazikitsa m'minda pafupi anthu, sonorous kuimba akukumana m'mawa ndi madzulo m'bandakucha.

bullfinch

Quirky ndi Russian chiyambi cha dzina la mbalame bullfinch, chifukwa akadzafika mu dera lathu la chisanu ndi chisanu, ndi mkubwela kwa kasupe ntchentche mu mdima nkhalango coniferous. Bullfinch wakhala kugwirizana ndi chaka chatsopano, kotero fano krasnopuzogo yaing'ono zimakongoletsa zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, kukongoletsa Khirisimasi makadi ndi alendo.

Mbalame za banja la mbalame ndi moyo mu mapaketi, zonse akuitana kwa aliyense wenzulo ena. Zima kumachitika ngakhale m'mapaki mzinda. Mitundu ndi isanayambike kutentha mu nkhalango ya m'mapiri ndi boreal la Europe ndi ku Asia, Caucasus, ndi Carpathians. Izo wakudya zipatso, mbewu, masamba a mitengo.

waterfowl

Madzi mbalame, photos, ndipo maina omwe alembedwa pansipa - izi ndi mbalame zimatha tiwolokere pa madzi. Iwo mulibe mitundu imene pokhapokha zopezeka mu malo chakudya. Chifukwa njira yapadera ya moyo iwo yodziwika ndi zinthu wamba: zala Ngati a Bakha, wandiweyani nthenga ndi mafuta England secretory, lubricating nthenga.

Title waterfowl ndendende mayunitsi lachokera ku nthumwi yowala :. Anseriformes, Pelecaniformes, gagaroobraznye, seagulls, pingvinoobraznye etc. The chakudya ndi nsomba, nkhono, achule, algae, omwe alandire mwa pamadzi mu madzi cormorants ndi imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza kapena kusiya kokha mutu monga swans ndi abakha. Seagulls akhoza nsomba pa ntchentche, zimalowera madzi okha mulomo.

Waterfowl Russia

Ponseponse pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia waterfowl, zithunzi ndi mayina ambiri amene amadziwa kuti aliyense. Ngakhale ambiri zosamukasamuka :. abakha, atsekwe, swans, etc. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe umayamba yogwira Kusamuka kwa mbalame za m'madzi mu wintering malo. Mwa njira, mamembala ena a gulu limeneli yambiri chaka kutali pa nyanja, kubwerera ku gombe okha kuswana ndi kuswa (ena abakha). Habitat tinganenedi ankaona Sakhalin Islands Kuril, Kamchatka, Crimea ndi malo ena ndi kuchuluka kwa Madamu madzi.

Russian mbalame za m'madzi, amene mayina awo ali kuleza tailed bakha ndi eider abakha, moyo mu Yakutia ndi Chukotka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pamodzi Volga chisa: moorhen, red-crested pochard, chachikulu crested grebe, imvi tsekwe, osalankhula tsekwe, coot.

wofiira mbalame

Mu zosiyanasiyana mbalame likusonyeza mbalame wofiira, dzina zosowa kwambiri, komanso nthenga yowala. Ngati mphodza wathu, crossbill ndi bullfinches pang'ono utoto mtundu uwu, flamingo, Tanagra, Virginian Cardinal, Southern Red Bishop, mbalame - pafupi kwathunthu wofiira. Ambiri a mbalame amakhala nkhalango zotentha kumwera kwa America, Hawaii ndi zilumba zina, Australia ndi Africa. Fotokozani passerine ndi, ploceidae, phoenicopteriformes, Ciconiiformes ndi mitundu ina.

mbali chidwi mbalame

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame, koposa zonse, thupi zosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe a mulomo, mtundu nthenga ndi malo okhala. mbali zonse zovuta kufotokoza mwachidule chifukwa kukhudza chabe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mlomo wa mbalame iliyonse lakonzedwa m'njira kuti mosavuta chakudya chawo. Chifukwa, kulekana kunachitika morphological anatengera mbalame mawonekedwe mulomo m'magulu 14, Pakati: omnivores, asodzi, zimadya, cutwater, mowers kudyetsa mbewu za conifers, timadzi tokoma kapena zipatso, miimba, ndi carnivores ena.

Chifukwa chidwi, anazindikira kuti mbalame zina ndi nzeru chidwi ndi luso. Choncho, seagulls ndi akhwangwala kupeza nkhono kapena mtedza, nam'nyamutsa mu mlengalenga ndipo kenako anaponyedwa pansi kuphwanyika, kubwereza mpheto zimenezi kangapo. butorides A kukopa nsomba nyambo kuponya mu madzi mu mawonekedwe a nthambi kapena masamba. Zinkhwe, jays ndi Makwangwala Olimbana amenable kuphunzira kulankhula kwa anthu, ndipo Dyatlov chokulungira amagwiritsa Wand woonda kukatenga kutsegula mng'alu ku makungwa a mtengo ndi kujambulapo tizilombo.

Udindo wa mbalame mu chikhalidwe ndi munthu

Meaning wa mbalame mu chikhalidwe n'zosatheka kusiya: zimavuta ndi nyama, iwo kumanga ubale zovuta abwino kusankha zamoyo. Mbalame kuthandiza mbewu kufalika, ndi mitundu ina ndi mtanda mungu wochokera zomera maluwa.

Mbalame zodya nyama kusunga makoswe apeze bwino. Ndipo chifukwa Pichugov insectivores, kudya mbozi ndi mphutsi a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zimasungika, kuphatikizapo ziweto, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Choncho analandira mitundu yonse ya miyeso kusamala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame, komanso nkhokwe chikhalidwe analengedwa.