Mfundo ntchito ABS. Antilock Braking System ABS. ndi ABS mu galimoto chiyani?

Kodi ndi ABS (Antilock ananyema System), kapena kani, momwe bwino kuwerenga ndi acronym, panopo amadziwika kuti madalaivala ambiri, koma kuti ndi midadada, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi, kokha chidwi kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo otere tsopano anaika pa magalimoto ambiri onse kunja ndi domestically umatulutsa.

ABS mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi dongosolo braking galimoto, choncho chitetezo cha dalaivala wa anthu, ndipo msewu onse ozungulira. Choncho, kudziwa momwe ntchito, adzakhala zothandiza aliyense woyendetsa. Koma choyamba, kumvetsa ntchito ABS, muyenera kumvetsa tanthauzo "braking olondola."

Mfundo "braking yake"

Kuti aime, sikokwanira atolankhani yake ya ananyema ngo. Ndipotu, ngati pa galimoto mwamsanga ananyema zikuchepa, magudumu a makina ali oletsedwa ndi sadzakhalanso falitsani ndi Wopanda panjira. Izo zikhoza kuchitika kuti pansi matayala onse padziko sadzakhala yunifolomu chomwecho, kotero iwo glide liwiro zasintha, ndipo izi ndi oopsa. makina silidzandionanso lizilamuliridwa ndi adzapita mu skid chomwe pakalibe maluso a dalaivala, kudzakhala kovuta kulamulira. Ndipo amavutitsa galimoto - ndi gwero angathe ngozi.

Choncho chinthu chachikulu mu braking - izo si amphamvu logwirana mawilo ndi kupita skid kusalankhula. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali yosavuta tsenga - likukulira braking. Kuti muzikachita, si kofunika kusunga ananyema ngo nthawi zonse maganizo, ndi zina apite ndi kukanikizana izo kachiwiri (monga ngati kugwedeza). Izi kanthu yooneka ngati yosavuta sadzatayikiridwa ulamuliro wa woyendetsa galimoto, chifukwa salola kuyenda matayala kutaya samatha.

Koma palinso wotchuka anthu Chinthu - dalaivala mu zinthu pangozi amakhala kungopeza otaika ndi kuyiwala za malamulo onse. Kuno Zikatero, ndipo anausankha ABS, kapena mwa njira ina - odana ndi loko braking dongosolo.

ABS Kodi (ABS)

Mafotokozedwe losavuta, ABS dongosolo ndi ankapoperamo electromechanical kuti asaaonerera pa galimoto deceleration njira mavuto msewu (ayezi, msewu yonyowa ndi zina zotero. P.).

ABS - ndi wothandizira wabwino dalaivala, makamaka woyamba, koma muyenera kumvetsa kuti amathandiza yekha yosamalira makina ndipo alibe zigwiritsidwe ntchito, kotero kudalira "antiblock" Sikuti. dalaivala kuganizira galimoto yanu, khalidwe lake pa msewu, pamene ndi mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito mabuleki a ABS, kodi braking mtunda pa pamalo osiyana. Choncho, izi zifunike pa dera odzipereka kupewa mavuto zina pa msewu uwu.

Zofanana, koma osati ABS

Limagwirira choyamba, zotsatira za omwe anali ngati mfundo ABS ndi kuonekela pa chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza, koma iwo anafuna ndege ankafika zida. A ofanana, koma kachitidwe magalimoto, wakhala mwakuchita "Bosch", anthu anapanga setifiketi amene analandira mu 1936. Komabe, chipangizo kwenikweni amagwira ntchito njira imeneyi akhoza kugwiritsa okha 60s, pamene semiconductors woyamba ndi makompyuta. Ndipo zawo kulenga zinachitika wa ABS, kuwonjezera pa "Bosch" adafunafuna ngakhale "General Motors", "General Zamagetsi", "Lincoln", "Chrysler" ndi ena.

Woyamba galimoto mabuleki

• Mu United States, ndilo ABS, kapena kani, analogue ake apamtima, eni anaphunzira "Lincoln" galimoto mu 1970. Dongosolo galimoto anakhazikitsidwa, omwe kampani "Ford" Akatswiri anayamba mwamsanga 1954, ndipo anatha "mukamva" yekha TH 70.
• limagwirira A ofanana ndi ABS mu UK kuyamba General Zamagetsi pamodzi ndi Dunlop analandira. Tayesa pa masewera galimoto Jenssen FF, izo zinachitika mu 1966.
• Ku Ulaya, za maganizo "odana ndi loko dongosolo la galimoto," Heinz taphunzira kudzera Liberia, amene ananyamula chitukuko mu 1964, kugwira ntchito zomangamanga Teldix GmbH, ndipo anamaliza mu 1970, kale ntchito pa Diamler-Benz. Kukhazikika iwo ABS-1 anayesedwa mogwirizana ndi Bosch. Bosch Nayenso wamanga zonse ABS-2, lomwe mu 1978 unkakhazikitsidwa pa "Mercedes" ndi W116, Patapita zaka zingapo ndi BMW-7. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa dongosolo latsopano braking, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ngati njira.

Full siriyo yopanga magalimoto ndi "antiblock" inayamba mu 1992. Iwo anayamba kukhazikitsa zinthu zawo zina automakers aakulu. Ndipo kale mu 2004 dongosolo anayamba kukonzekeretsa magalimoto onse akubwera pa mafakitale conveyor European.

Zinthu za dongosolo odana ndi loko

Theoretically ABS kapangidwe zikuwoneka yosavuta zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• amagetsi kulamulira unit.
• Masensa kulamulira liwiro la.
• Hayidiroliki unit.

Ulamuliro Unit (Cu) Ndipotu, ndi "ubongo" a dongosolo (kompyuta), ndi mmene limagwirira ntchito zina zomveka, koma pa kachipangizo liwiro ndi unit hayidiroliki muyenera kulankhula.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya kachipangizo liwiro

Kugwira ntchito kwa sensa ulamuliro liwiro ndi mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu kwenikweni. Koyilo ndi pakati maginito ndi fixedly wokwera pa gudumu likulu (ena zitsanzo - ndi kuyendetsa chitsulo chogwira matayala reducer).

Likulu yakwera mphete zida onsewo pamodzi ndi gudumu. Kasinthasintha wa korona kusintha magawo a maginito, imbaenda zosayembekezereka ya zodabwitsa za magetsi. Kuchuluka kwa panopa, motero, zimadalira liwiro gudumu. Ndipo, malingana kufunika kwake, mbendera ndi kwaiye amene imafalikira kuti unit kulamulira.

hayidiroliki wagawo

Hayidiroliki wagawo zikuphatikizapo:

• mavavu Solenoid amene ali divisible ndi polowera ndi kubwereketsa tinapangidwa kusintha kuthamanga kwaiye mu zonenepa ananyema galimoto. Number valavu awiriawiri malingana ndi mtundu wa mabuleki.
• Mpope (ndi kuthekera kudya n'zosiyana) - mapampu kuthamanga ankafunila mu dongosolo, kudyetsa madzimadzi ananyema ku accumulator, ndi kusankha izo kumbuyo pamene kutero.
• Accumulator - yosungirako kwa madzimadzi ananyema.

ABS, ntchito mfundo

Pali magawo atatu waukulu ABS ndi:

1. mpumulo kuthamanga mu yamphamvu ndi ananyema.
2. Zonse kuthamanga mu yamphamvu ya.
3. Kuwonjezeka kuthamanga mu yamphamvu ndi ananyema msinkhu ankafuna.

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti unit hayidiroliki Integrated mu galimoto mu dongosolo braking zonse, kumbuyo kwa yamphamvu waukulu ananyema. A mavavu solenoid ndi mtundu wa valavu, kutsegula ndi kutseka mwayi madzimadzi kwa zonenepa gudumu ananyema.

Opaleshoni ndi ulamuliro wa dongosolo galimoto braking umachitika, mogwirizana ndi deta analandira kwa ulamuliro wagawo masensa ABS liwiro.

Pambuyo chiyambi cha ABS braking akuwerenga kuwerenga masensa gudumu, ndi liwiro galimoto pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa. Ngati ena a mawilowo anaima (pamwamba Wopanda), liwiro kachipangizo yomweyo akutumiza mbendera ya ECU. Atalandira izo, ulamuliro wagawo imayendetsa utsi valavu amene atilakwira mwayi madzimadzi kwa yamphamvu gudumu ananyema ndi mpope yomweyo akuyamba kusankha ake, kubwerera ku accumulator, potero kuchotsa loko. Pambuyo kasinthasintha wa gudumu kuposa anakonzeratu liwiro, "antiblock" kuphimba kubwereketsa kutsegula ndi valavu polowera, akuziyambitsa mpope, amene amayendetsa zosiyana, kukakamiza kuthamanga mu yamphamvu ya nanyema, potero braking gudumu. njira zonse akutsatiridwa yomweyo (4-10 reps / gawo.), Ndipo pitirizani mpaka mabasi makina.

Mfundo pamwamba pa ntchito ABS ankanena za zotsogola - dongosolo 4-njira ndi osiyana kulamulira wina gudumu la galimoto, koma pali zina "antiblock".

zina ABS

Atatu njira ABS - mtundu wa dongosolo atatu liwiro kachipangizo: awiri wokwera pa mawilo kutsogolo, ndi wachitatu - pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo. Choncho, unit hayidiroliki limapangidwa magulu atatu a mavavu. Mfundo za ABS wa mtundu uwu ndi ulamuliro uliwonse ndi magudumu kutsogolo ndi awiri kumbuyo apatukane.

Wapawiri mabuleki - m'dongosolo amenewa ndi wophatikizidwa ulamuliro mawilo ili pa gulu limodzi.

Single-njira ABS - kachipangizo yakwera pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo, ndi kugawira braking mphamvu magudumu onse anayi imodzi. Chotero dongosolo limapangidwa peyala imodzi kuli nthambi (kudya ndi utsi). kuthamanga ndi kusintha chomwecho mu dera la.

Poyerekeza mitundu "antiblock", Ndizachidziwikire kuti kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi kuchuluka kwa ulamuliro liwiro ndi masensa, motero, mavavu, koma ambiri, mfundo ya ntchito mabuleki galimoto, dongosolo la njira kunachitika izo, ndi zofanana chifukwa mitundu yonse ya machitidwe.

Kodi ABS kapena braking abwino

Kusankha kusiya galimoto wanu okonzeka ndi ABS, dalaivala ogwetsa ndi ananyema ngo, akuona ngati iye akuyamba kunjenjemera pang'ono (kugwedera akhoza limodzi ndi phokoso khalidwe la "ratchet" amatikumbutsa mawu). Mtundu uwu wa dongosolo lipoti kuti iye yapindula. Masensa kuwerenga ntchito liwiro. Ulamuliro wagawo akulamulira kuthamanga mu zonenepa ndi nanyema, kuteteza mawilo logwirana mwamphamvu ndi mwamsanga "bursts" podtormazhivaya iwo. Chifukwa, galimoto pang'onopang'ono kubweza ndipo amapita skidding, motero amakhalabe inatheka. Ngakhale ngati msewu ndi poterera, dalaivala ndi braking ngati zitha kuchepetsa malangizo a gulu la makina kuletsa wathunthu. Choncho, chifukwa ABS, likukhalira wangwiro, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - ankalamulira braking.

Kumene, odana ndi loko dongosolo kwambiri facilitates moyo wa dalaivala, kusintha ndi kuwonjezera dzuwa la ndondomeko braking. Komabe, iwo ali ndi zolephera zingapo zimene muyenera kudziwa ndi kuganizira kuchita.

kuipa ABS

The sangathe waukulu ABS n'chakuti umadalira pa chikhalidwe msewu.

Ngati pamwamba msewu uli m'goli, vuto pamwamba, galimoto braking mtunda adzakhala wautali kuposa masiku. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kuti pa braking gudumu nthawi wotaya samatha (kudumpha) ndipo wasiya sangathenso. Izi ABS amasiya gudumu za monga loko, ndipo akuima braking. Koma kuchepetsa pokhudzana ndi njira mwachindunji ananyema ntchito salinso limafanana ndi akadakwanitsira, dongosolo ayenera ankamangidwanso, ndipo nthawi ili pachabe, chifukwa amene kumawonjezera braking mtunda. Kuchepetsa zotsatira zimenezi zingakhale, kuchepetsa makina liwiro.

Ngati ❖ kuyanika msewu si yunifolomu, ndi zigawo alternating, monga matalala m'malo ayezi, ayezi - phula, ndiye ayezi kachiwiri, etc. zikachitika, kugwa pa gawo poterera, ABS, mumayesto ❖ kuyanika zikusintha pansi braking ndondomeko pa kusintha kwa .. pa phula "antiblock" kachiwiri kuti ankamangidwanso, monga osankhidwa braking mphamvu pamwamba poterera pa phula amakhala chothandiza, kumaonjezera kutalika njira braking.

Ndi lotayirira ABS nthaka komanso si "abwenzi", mu nkhani iyi, wabwinobwino braking dongosolo ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati gudumu zokhoma pansi braking kuika mu nthaka, kupanga ulendo wopita ku phiri, kuteteza ndi zina Inde, ndi Iyamba galimoto kusiya.

Pa otsika "antiblock" imathamanga zambiri wolemala. Choncho, pamene galimoto pa msewu poterera kupita kutsikatsika, muyenera kukonzekera mphindi ino zosasangalatsa, ndi kusunga bwino "handbrake", amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuli kofunika.

Pomaliza, tikuona kuti ABS ndi motsimikizika Kuwonjezera wabwino kwa dongosolo braking kuti amalola kupewa akutaya galimoto pansi pa braking. Komabe, mmodzi ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti dongosolo si wamphamvuzonse, ndi zinthu zina zingakhale ndi disservice.