M'busa wa ku Italy (Maremma): makulidwe, chikhalidwe, zithunzi, ndemanga

M'busa wa ku Italy Maremma - imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Omwe amamanga galu okha ndi omwe amadziwa kufunika kwake kwa nyama, kodi kusintha kwa geni kumakhudza bwanji, kuyesetsa ndi zofunikira zambiri nthawi zina kuchokera kwa obereketsa kusunga makhalidwe onse oyenera. Ndizachidwi kuti zovuta zoterezi zinasokoneza galu nkhosa zoyera kuchokera ku Italy.

Mbiri ya zochitika

Zaka zoposa 2000, ngati sizitali, zimakhala ndi moyo wosasinthika wa galu wamkulu, wonyada komanso wokongola kwambiri wa azimayi. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zinyama zachokera kumtunda wa Tibet ndi zinyama zakale ndipo zinasamukira ku mayiko a ku Italy pamodzi ndi anthu a mtundu wa azungu omwe akudyetsa ng'ombe. Nkhosa za nkhosa ndi ziweto zina, zomwe zinkafuna kutetezedwa ndi anthu ndi zinyama zakutchire, analandira abusa awa ngati otetezera bwino.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofanana ndi zimbalangondo za mtundu wa Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Polish Polish Dog Dog (Tatra), Hungarian Kuvasz, Slovak Chuvach, Greek (Hellenic) Shepherd, M'busa wa ku Italy adakali wodziwika kuti ali ndi khalidwe lodziimira yekha. Abusa omwe amatchulidwa kuti anali abusa mosakayikira anali ndi makolo, omwe ali mbendera zamkuwa zam'mbuyero (canis familiarie matris optimae), zomwe zinakhala zoweta zoyambirira.

Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la XVII, Maremma anayamba kufotokozedwa m'mafanizo ofotokoza kusaka. Powerenga zojambula za Chiitaliyana ndi Chifalansa, mukhoza kuona kuti zidatengedwa ku boar, beard, lynx.

Kufotokozera za mtunduwu

Anthu okhala m'madera awiri a ku Italy a Maremma (omwe ali ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja) ndipo Abruzzo (dera lamapiri) akhala akutsutsana kwambiri chifukwa cha umwini wa mtundu umenewu. Kusamvana kwa mumtima kunasankhidwa kukhala chete, kutengera mtunduwu dzina lachiwiri - mbusa wa maremma-abruzzka. Ng'ombezo zimangothamangitsidwa kumalo awa, ndipo agalu amapangidwira pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha nyengo ndi zochitika m'madera onsewa. Mu 1958 chikhalidwe chonse cha mtunduwo chinavomerezedwa ndi kufotokoza kwake mosamala.

Malingana ndi mndandanda wa International Cynological Federation (FCI), gulu la nkhosa la ku Italy (dzina lonseli limawoneka ngati maremma-abruzzian) ndilo gulu "Abusa ndi agalu a ng'ombe, kupatula kwa agalu a ng'ombe aku Switzerland" mu gawo la "Mbuzi".

Mbusa wa ku Italy ali ndi kukula kwakukulu. Choncho, amunawa ndi aakulu kuposa akazi ndipo amafika kutalika kwa mamita 73 ndi 45 kg. Zingwe pansipa - mpaka 68 masentimita, ndi kuunika - mpaka makilogalamu 40. Kuwala ndi kukula zikuthandizira agalu amakwaniritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 13.

Kutsekemera sikuyenera kukhala motalika, koma kwakukulu ndi kochepa, kufanana ndi chithunzithunzi cha bere la polar. Mphuno yamdima, milomo ndi paw pads. Makutu samayima ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a triangular ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12.

Kufufuza mosamalidwa ndi kusamalidwa kumakhala ndi maso, makutu, makola ndi paw pads. Amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikusungidwa.

Mtundu wa agalu ndi woyera, malo aminyanga ya njovu, mandimu yowala kapena mthunzi wa lalanje amaloledwa.

Chovala chogudubuza cha mtengo ndi mchira chimakhala ndi masentimita 8, pamutu pamphindi. Pa khosi, ubweya umakula mochulukira, ndikupanga kolala yolimba. Ili ndilo vuto loletsa kulira pamalo osatetezeka. Kwa zaka zambiri, abusa anali kuvala makola akuluakulu okhala ndi zipilala monga zowonjezera.

Chobvala cha nkhosa zoyera zingakhale zochepa pang'ono, koma mopanda malire. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizowonjezera, koma ndizofunikira. Motero, chovala chamkati chozungulira, chovala chokongola kwambiri sichitha kuteteza mkati mwachisawawa (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira) pansi pake kuti usamanyowe mu mvula ndi chisanu. Galu wonyezimira ayenera kuchoka m'khola ndikuwuma. Pakati pa kutentha - tsitsi lotayirira limalola mpweya wotentha pakhungu ndikulepheretsa galuyo. Ayenera kuyang'ana mthunzi kuti uzizizira. Ndipo ngati palibe maulamuliro "pazithunzi" zingakhale zosawerengeka. Ndichifukwa chakuti mtundu uwu ndi wabwino, umene uli ndi makhalidwe amwambo odabwitsa, omveka bwino, operekedwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti matope samatha pa ubweya woyera wa chipale cha agalu. Atadzipukuta yekha, iye mwiniwakeyo akung'ung'udza, popanda kuwonjezera chisamaliro china. Mwinamwake, zotsatirazi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuvala kofiira tsitsi ndi khungu la mafuta. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kumeta ubweya wambiri wa pet osachepera 1-2 pa mwezi. Kwa agalu owonetsa, njirazi zimayendetsedwa kawirikawiri.

Iwo amawombera agalu a mtundu umenewu 1-2 pa chaka. Musanayambe kusungunuka, mutha kusamba galu, ndiye njirayo idzafulumira. Apanso, owonetsa amasambira nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ubweya wa agaluzi ndi wosavuta komanso hypoallergenic.

M'busa wa ku Italy Maremma: Makhalidwe

Mwa chikhalidwe, galu, mmalo mwake, magazi: kugwira ntchito, mosavuta. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito zowonongeka zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi zosangalatsa, zomwe ndizozolowereka zomwe zimagwira ntchito.

Mbusa wa ku Italy - mtunduwu ndi wochenjera kwambiri. Galu sangayandikire mwiniwake ngati munthu wosaloledwa ali naye. Sadzadya chakudya chosazoloŵera kuchokera pansi ndipo sadzatenga zotsitsimutsa m'manja mwa anthu ena. Komanso, ngakhale kwa eni ake amatha kutenga mosamala, kapena ngakhale kukana kudya nthawi yolakwika.

Mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, agalu ali odekha kwambiri, samakhala oponderezana amamenyana pakati pawo, kapena ndi nyama zina.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ku USA mtunduwu unadziwika kuti ndi nzeru komanso mphamvu.

Ubale ndi mamembala ndi ziweto zina

Nkhosa ya ku Italy imasankha mbuye wina, koma idzakhala omvera kwa mamembala ena, kuphatikizapo ana omwe amamukonda.

Ndimagulu, agaluwa amapitirizabe kugwirizana nawo, musamamuone kuti ali pamwamba pawo ndipo musamadzipereke kwa mwini wake. Kugonjera ndi kumvera sikuli m'magazi awo. Ndikofunika kupambana ulemu ndi kuvomereza azimayi. Poyankhulana, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kupereka ufulu wochuluka kwa pakhomo ndikumulola kuchita zomwe akufuna.

Pankhaniyi, ndithudi, maonekedwe a maulamuliro amadalira maphunziro. Ngati mukusowa mbusa kapena mlonda, njirayi idzakhala yofanana ngati mukufuna galu kuwonetserako ndi kuswana - mosiyana kwambiri.

Imbwa ya nkhosa iyi imavomerezana ndi agalu ena ndipo imakhala pamodzi ndi amphaka.

Maphunziro a mbusa woyera

Ndi maumma mumasowa zambiri. Pazigawo ziwirizi, makhalidwe amtunduwu amawonekera momveka bwino, ndipo ndi kosavuta kulamulira anthu awiri. Kawirikawiri agalu amaphunzira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake luso lothandiza, kupikisana monga ntchito.

Pamene amaphunzitsidwa, ayenera kukhala olimbikitsa kwambiri. Maremma sangachite malamulo omwewo nthawi zonse, ngati sakuwona mfundo. Sadzaiwala luso lake lodziŵa, koma adzalandira ntchito zatsopano ndi zosangalatsa.

Sadzabweretsa mpira kapena ndodo kwa munthu wamkulu. Chinthu china ndi mwana. Galuyo adzamusangalalira ndi ntchito yotereyi. Kawirikawiri, kwa ana, maulamuli amasonyeza chikondi chachikulu ndi kuleza mtima, kukulolani kusewera nokha ndi kufinya chirichonse.

Ngati ana ayamba kukangana ndi kumenyana, agalu m'njira iliyonse angathe kuwathetsa ndi kuwasokoneza. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe milandu ya kulumidwa kwa ana yomwe inalembedwa; Abusa angathe kutengedwa bwino ngati nannies.

Maremma sangavomereze nkhanza komanso chiwawa monga maphunziro. M'malo mwake, n'zotheka kukankhira galuyo, pambuyo pake zidzakhala zovuta kuti mupeze kachikhulupiliro ndi kudalira. Simungathenso kubzala galu wa ku Italy pa unyolo kapena mkati mwake - izi zimayambitsa kukana ndi kudzipatula kwa nyama.

Maremma ndi mlonda wanzeru

Pochita ntchito zotetezera, galu wokonzekera adzaika patsogolo chitetezo cha mwiniwake, ndipo malo achiwiri adzayang'anira gawo lomwe lapatsidwa.

Mbusa amadziwa bwino kuti ali ndi anthu ochuluka bwanji, choncho ngati, mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa ana akugwera m'mbuyo mwa gulu lonse kapena atayika, maulamuliro sangasunthire mpaka wopalamulayo akuwonekera.

Zaka zaposachedwapa, abusa a ku Italy akuwongolera zabwino zomwe ali nazo komanso monga woteteza. Otopa ndi ovuta kwambiri kufika kwa munthu, ngati angapo amasiye. Mbusa Wachi Italy (zithunzi zimatsimikizira izi) zimawoneka zokongola, ndipo zimayambitsa mantha ndi ulemu.

Chibadwidwechi chiri ndi khalidwe lachibadwa la udindo ndi kusabvunda, komanso kusintha kwabwino kwa malo atsopano.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Maremma-abruzzka sheepdog siali mu labyrinths m'misewu ya mumzinda. Izi zimafuna kuchuluka kwa minda ndi mapiri otsetsereka, chifukwa chakumidzi komwe kumakhala kovuta.

Pitirizani maimayi mu nyumbayi ndizotheka kokha ndi chikhalidwe choyenera cha tsiku ndi tsiku, osachepera 3-5 maola amayenda mu mpweya wabwino. Kuchokera kwa 3-4 miyezi ana aang'ono ayenera kuyamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuti ayende mpaka 2 km patsiku. Kuyambira pa miyezi 5-6 mukhoza kuyenda galu, ndikuyendetsa pamtunda kwa makilomita 5-6 pa bicycle tsiku lililonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kukulitsa minofu, ziwalo ndi minofu ya nyama.

Agalu odyetsa

Kudyetsa ana mpaka miyezi 11 kuyenera kuchitika kasachepera kasanu pa tsiku. Ndili ndi zaka, chiwerengero cha zakudya chiyenera kuchepetsedwa katatu.

Ndikofunika kupatulira kudya ndi zakudya zowuma (makamaka premium) ndi zakudya zachilengedwe. Mafutawa amatanthauza mafuta otupa omwe amawopsa kapena odyetsedwa, mapiritsi (buckwheat, mpunga), masamba omwe alibe zipatso zowonjezera, zipatso zopanda mawere, mapuloteni amtengo wapatali wa mkaka. Vitamini zowonjezereka zimayenera.

Pansi pa chiletso cha zinyama zonse - kusuta, zokoma, mchere ndi zakudya zokometsera.

Maremma Health

Galu woyera wa nkhosa, yemwe makolo ake a ku Italiya alibe zolakwika, sangathe kudwala matenda alionse. Komabe, ngati chiwopsezo, nkofunika kuyeretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Katemera wathanzi wathanzi akhoza kukhala kuyambira mwezi ndi theka.

Kusankha mwana

Posankha mwana, muyenera kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza makolo ake, makamaka za amayi. Zimadziwika kuti kuposa 70 peresenti ya jini ya feteleza imasamutsidwa kwa mwanayo. Ndikofunika kuwonera, maso awo anali a mdima, osachepera mthunzi wachikasu, ndipo ngakhale konse popanda. Mutu, monga china chirichonse, uyenera kugwirizana ndi muyezo.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri, yomwe ana amayamba kukhala achikulire pamtundu wa nthawi, makanda a maimayi amabadwira moyera nthawi yomweyo.

Musanagule mwana, mukhoza kupita kukawonetsa galu, kudziwa bwino ndi abambo onse, phunzirani oyanjana ndi azimayi ndi a cynologists, omwe akudziwa zenizeni za mtundu uwu. Akatswiri ayenera kuthandiza posankha komanso kusamalira nyama.

Mtengo wa mwana wakhanda ukhoza kusiyana ndi rubles 30 mpaka 70,000. Mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi kunja kwa galu, mtundu wake, kulondola kwa mizere, maudindo a makolo.

Kugwira ntchito ndi ziweto

Agalu ogwira ntchito amtsogolo ayenera kuperekedwa m'manja osapitirira masiku 32 kuchokera pamtundu wina. Ngati pakalipano sakuwona gululi, kuphatikiza koyenera sikudzachitika. Zindikirani kuti nkhosa siziwopa mbalu zoyera, mwinamwake zimatenga izo kwa achibale.

Pogwira ntchito ndi gulu, agalu amagwira ntchito monga abwenzi, akugwirizanitsa ntchito zotetezera ndi zoyendetsera ntchito. Winawake amatsogolera gulu, wina amakhalapo ndipo amapanga dongosolo la nkhosa, lomwe lili pambali pake. Agalu opatsa chidwi amadziwa zonse zomwe zimachitika, osalola chilichonse. Pakakhala vuto lapadera, zotsatira zowonjezereka zimatsatira, nthawi zambiri popanda kukhalapo ndi kulowerera kwa munthu. Maremma amasankha okha mosiyana ndipo amawazindikira iwo mofulumira.

Pokhala ndi mafupa ofunika, thupi limodzi ndi minofu yamphamvu, pokhala wolimba kwambiri, mbusa wa ku Italy akhoza kutembenukira mobwerezabwereza ziwembu pa gulu la ziweto zazikulu kwambiri. Pamene agalu amathamangitsa mmbulu kuchokera kumphaka, imodzi imakhala pafupi ndi nkhosa, ndipo ina imabisala pakati pawo. Pali nkhani yodziŵika bwino pamene agalu atatumizidwa ku United States anachotsa mfuti, akuyesa kuba. Galu yoyera chipale chophatikizidwa ndi malaya ofewa a pawuni ndipo anaonekera ndendende kumene mbala ina inalowa. Atalandira mobwereza mobwerezabwereza, chimbalangondo chinabwerera, ndipo mbusa ankasunga gululo bwinobwino.

Amanena kuti pofuna kulimbitsa kugwirizana kwa galu ndi nkhosa, mwana wamng'ono watsopano amaikidwa ku ubweya wa nkhosa kuti asonkhanitse nyama izi ndikupanga banja limodzi. Komanso, kudziletsa ndi kuleza mtima kwa azimayi akutsimikiziridwa ndi zozizwitsa zina zozizwitsa. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwanawankhosa, galuyo amangolola kuti abwere kudzadya chakudyacho, pamene mayi akutenga mwanayo kumbali. Palibe galimoto yomwe ingaloledwe kwa galuyo pa nthawi yoyamba yopuma pantchito.

Maremma samaluma nkhosa, koma amawaphimba, kukakamiza gululo kuti lisinthe kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake monga momwe akufunira.

Osadziŵa kutopa, kutentha ndi kutentha, mphepo ndi mvula, kusamukira kumadera akutali, kuthana ndi kusiyana kwa malo okongola, mbusa wa Italy akudzidzimutsa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyo.