Mbali dera, mode ntchito ndi chipangizo DC jenereta

electrification nyengo zinachitika kale ndi angapo zaka wakhala zasintha moyo wathu. Pozungulira, kulikonse kumene diso ukugwa, onetsetsani kuti kuwona chipangizo chamagetsi magetsi. Anthu kotero amakonda makina zosiyanasiyana zimene amagwira pafupifupi onse ntchito imene nkhambakamwa likutuluka, ngakhale kwakhala. Koma kumbuyo chotchinga amene abisa kwa ife abwenzi magetsi kwa ndondomekoyi moyo. Tiyeni mfundo ndi jenereta chipangizo DC.

A mbiri pang'ono

Magetsi unkachitika Agiriki akale. Zinaonetsa chuma cha Amber kukopa particles osiyana. Anthu anaganiza nyese izi chibadidwe utomoni lapansi. Koma kenako anaona luso ndi zipangizo zina kuti tikhale nyese. Mwachitsanzo, galasi ndi akusisita nawonso anayamba kukopa kuwala zinthu zazing'ono: particles pepala, fumbi ndi tsitsi. Choncho zinaonekeratu kuti zotsatira maginito amayamba ndi ena lamulo.

Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ndi zinachitika wa condenser ano, christened ndi dzina la zatsopano "Leyden mtsuko" wakhala analenga. Izi limagwirira yosavuta amatha kudziunjikira mlandu umene panthawi ankaona mtundu wa madzi, ladzala ndi thupi olimba ndipo amatha kuyenda kwa thupi wina ndi mzake pa mlingo zodabwitsa - mitunda ingapo mu nusu ya masekondi.

Pamene atomu chatsegulidwa ndi zigawo zake ndi ma elekitironi pachimake, onse anagwera mu malo. Anthu anazindikira kuti ndi ma elekitironi ndipo ndi milandu kuti kulenga zochitika ngati zosamvetsetseka monga kukha magetsi. Koma pamene anali milandu yekha malo amodzi. Kuyambira zatsopano za Faraday ndi Oersted zimachokera magetsi kuti ife masiku ano. Iwo anatulukira Kamangidwe jenereta DC, chipangizo ndi mfundo za ntchito zachokera chodabwitsa ndi electromotive mphamvu EMF.

Magetsi mphamvu kayendedwe

Monga mitsinje ya madzi amayendetsa kukopa kwa dziko lapansi, monga particles mlandu wochititsa amachititsa ndi kuyenda EMF. Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yogwirizana zochitika maginito, ndicho, pali kusintha kamwazi kwaiye maginito. EMF pantchito yekha pa nkhaniyi, kumene nthawi zonse zilipo pali milandu ufulu. Zitsulo ndi chuma ichi, ndi brine.

EMF ali wamkulu liwiro chimasintha mphamvu ya mafunde mu atomu. Monga amadziwika, maginito ali mitengo iwiri nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi malangizo amene otaya zimasiyanasiyana ndi ulemu kwa wochititsayo, panopa osefukira wochititsa ndi mbali ina. Zabwino ndi zoipa milandu pakati pawo kulenga munda mphamvu kuti ife timachitcha nkhawa, ndi zambiri, m'pamenenso okwana mlandu magetsi ya polarity chomwecho.

Kodi jenereta ya magetsi?

Kulengedwa kapena makina amene akhoza kutembenuka aliyense mphamvu mawotchi mphamvu magetsi amatchedwa jenereta magetsi. Mfundo ndi DC jenereta chipangizo kugwirizana ndi nyese. Ngati inu kutenga maginito okhazikika ndi kudutsa m'munda wake wa mavuto wochititsa, otsiriza zikuoneka mphamvu kuti amakakamiza kusunthira mu dera lina, particles mlandu - pali panopa. Yemweyo zidzachitika ndi wochititsa n'kupuma ndi maginito avundulidwe.

Experimentally, asayansi anapeza kuti ukulu wa panopa koposa, kuti:

• The kamwazi maginito pakati pa mitengo yonyamulira ya maginito.
• mizere ndizi liwiro la mavuto.
• M'litali mawaya panopa-yonyamula katundu.

Ngati wochititsa anawamvera sichikusonyeza kuti pali mtsinje, ndiye kupatsidwa ulemu si anati. Kuchokera ili linachokera chilamulo cha dzanja lake lamanja, umene ungatithandize kumvetsa malangizo omwe utuluke panopa. Pamene malo kudzanja lamanja gawo la thupi ndi dzanja lake kuti anaphatikizapo kwambiri maginito mizere ndi chala chachikulu chinali wopindidwa, ndiponso anatchula kumene kayendedwe ka wochititsa, ndi otsala zala zinayi adzakusonyezani njira panopa. Maginito zoyenda munda vekitala imatsogoleredwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera.

Chiwembu cha jenereta pulayimale

Mfundo ndi losavuta mtundu DC chipangizo jenereta zotsatilazi: chimango zopangidwa panopa zinthu kuchititsa zokuzira kumtunda chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi umabala kasinthasintha pakati pa mizati maginito. Mapeto ufulu wa chimango ndi chikugwirizana kucheza ake, ali ndi arcuate mtundu mbale. kulankhula pamodzi zimapanga bwalo chinang'ambika mfundo ziwiri (wokhometsa). Izi semicircular ojambula makina olumikiza conductive maburashi masika-yodzaza. Iwo vula pano.

Mu chimango danga ndi ulemu kwa anzanu zochokera kuti mphambano iliyonse theka mtengo wake pazipita maginito kamwazi ndi magawo burashi pa kulankhula ndi kutsekedwa. Pamene zinthu za chimango ndi gawo kuyenda pamodzi mizere ya - ojambula burashi ndi lotseguka ndi wokhometsa lapansi.

Ngati kugwirizana ndi oscilloscope, kuoneka kuti DC jenereta zida ndi mfundo ya ntchito ndi chotero kuti zotuluka pa alternating theka mafunde ili mbali imodzi ya ntchito ndi kusintha kufunika kwake kwa ziro kwa wapamwamba ndi ku ziro. pafupipafupi awo kubwerezabwereza zimadalira kasinthasintha liwiro chimango lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panopa m'dongosolo otere akusuntha mu njira imodzi (nthawi zonse), koma ali ndi mtundu kugunda.

Mfundo ntchito ndi chipangizo DC jenereta

Real zonse jenereta panopa zoti zovuta, ngakhale mfundo za ntchito yake ndi chimodzimodzi zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. M'malo chimango chimodzi ndi awiri ojambula theka-zozungulira ali wambiri kukula ndi wokhometsa ojambula. Izi choyamba bwino mphamvu makina chotero, ndipo kachiwiri, smoothes ndi ripple panopa, chifukwa aliyense chimango amalenga yoweyula theka lomwe, pa kukhazikitsa wina kupanga okwana panopa. Chotero dongosolo onsewo dzina lake nangula kapena ozungulira.

maginito jenereta amadziwikanso kusinthidwa. udindo wake imagwiridwa ndi electromagnet wopangidwa mwa koyilo ndi pakati. Kugwiritsa maginito, inu mukhoza kulenga lalikulu maginito kamwazi, amene ali kutsidya lina la mphamvu ya ochiritsira DC. Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa otaya zikhoza kusinthidwa. Mbali amodzi dzina lake stator jenereta.

Malinga akafuna ntchito makina pa kasinthasintha wa kutsinde, pakati pa stator ndi ozungulira mwaona njira zotsatirazi:

1. Ndi jenereta si chikugwirizana katundu. Pankhani ya ntchito ngati kamodzi armature umabala kasinthasintha m'menemo EMF ndi anachititsa, koma palibe panopa mu kumulowetsa, kuyambira dera si kutsekedwa.
2. DC jenereta, zomwe dera chipangizo chikugwirizana dera umagwirira ntchito mode katundu. Mu nkhani iyi, armature utuluke panopa ndipo pali chigawo chatsopano - ndi kamwazi maginito kwaiye ndi armature (armature anachita). mtsinje amasuntha kuchita zinthu anatchula mizere zikuluzikulu za mphamvu kwaiye electromagnet ndi. Chifukwa, weniweni EMF adzakhala m'munsi ie Mphamvu jenereta yafupika. Ndipo wamkulu katundu jenereta, ndi mphamvu zambiri mwakhama kugonjetsa zimene armature pamene kutsinde imazungulira.

Kuti n'chongoletsa ndi armature maginito kamwazi mu ozungulira dera wovulala otchedwa windings compensatory imene chakudya kamwazi maginito kuti imafoola ndi armature anachita.

Mitundu ya magudumu amene kubala magetsi zonse

Mfundo ndi DC magudumu chipangizo amasiyana dera ntchito galimoto. Ali:

• Magnetoelectric. The maginito okhazikika ntchito polenga kamwazi maginito. makina mphamvu zambiri wochepa, ndi dzuwa mkulu popeza palibe zomvetsa malemeredwe mu windings wa. The sangathe zipangizo m'manja kwambiri.
• Magudumu ndi dera palokha pagalimoto. chipangizo ichi kwa kumulowetsa electromagnets zimayendera mwa kundipatsako kunja mphamvu: batire kapena jenereta.
• A kudziletsa okondwa DC magudumu. makina onga kudyetsa electromagnets pa nangula awo omwewo. The chikhalidwe chachikulu kudziletsa malemeredwe ndi yotsalira kamwazi. Kapangidwe mfundo za ntchito ya magudumu ndi chiwembu cha kulolerana awo ndi Kuwonjezera pa vuto, shunt ndi seriesnoy.

Mfundo ntchito jenereta ndi chipangizo cha galimoto magetsi

reversibility makina magetsi mfundo limanena kuti galimoto iliyonse zikhoza kusinthidwa n'kukhala jenereta ndi mosemphanitsa. Pambuyo onse, mwa zipangizozi ntchito EMF kupatsidwa ulemu monga maziko ntchito zawo. Only injini kuti ozungulira ndi umaperekedwa magetsi, amene analenga maginito kamwazi amaipidwa ndi mizati stator maginito, kupanga rotational kuyenda.

Ngati galimoto kutsinde atembenuza pa liwiro ena mu windings wa armature anachititsa EMF adzayamba kuyenda ndi kupatsidwa ulemu panopa. Kuchepetsedwa ndi makulidwe a mawaya a armature kumulowetsa. Pamene waya woonda, ndiye mphamvu zambiri wotero jenereta sizigwira ntchito.

Iye anapeza ntchito zonse gwero panopa?

Ngakhale kuti magetsi zonse zikhoza akamagwira kuthetsa ndi AC, ankagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji jenereta panopa. Mfundo ntchito, dera la ngati makina ili yofunika ku mphero zitsulo, mu mkulu-mphamvu zomera zotayidwa ng'anjo. Mu zoyendera makampani mayunitsi ntchito mu sitima magetsi, sitima yapanyanja. Kupereka windings yosangalatsa ya alternators zomera mphamvu komanso malo zothandiza DC. Ntchito zapakhomo cholinga dynamo panopa zonse. Iwo Tingaone pa njinga, kumene iwo kudyetsa owala nyali.

Pomaliza

zonse polarity magudumu panopa chabwino chomwe munthu angathe kupanga magetsi pa liwiro osiyana rotational. Iwo safuna kupirira pafupipafupi yeniyeni, monga Mwachitsanzo, AC jenereta, kumene ayenera 50 Hz. makina Awa ndi yabwino kwa ntchito magwero monga njira ya magetsi, monga mphepo magudumu.