Mbalame ya golidi yamoto: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi

Nkhumba ya golidi silingadzitamande ndi mchira wautali wofiira kapena maluwa otsekemera. Koma mbalame yosamukira ikuyembekezeredwa ndipo imakondedwa m'mayiko ambiri ndi nyengo yowawa. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, ku Iceland akukhulupirira kuti imabweretsa mapiko a kasupe. Pobwerera kumisasa ya rozhans golide, kutentha kumabwera palimodzi.

Ndemanga yochepa

Nkhumba ya golide ndi mbalame kuchokera ku dongosolo la Charadriiformes. Nthambiyi imaphatikizapo mabanja ambiri, ogwirizana ndi dzina lakuti Rzhankovye, ndipo mtundu wa Rzhanok uli ndi mitundu 4 yokha. Mwachindunji, golide wagolidi wagolidi, mu Latin Pluvialis apricaria, amadziwika ngati subspecies kum'mwera.

Nkhumba ya golidi siyikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kawirikawiri sikudutsa 29 cm.mwamba wolemera womwe ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi 220 g. Mapiko a mbalameyi amasiyana ndi masentimita 65 mpaka 76. Nkhumba yagolidi imawoneka yovuta. Mbalameyi ili ndi mutu waung'ono, thupi lalikulu ndipo limakhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala.

Mtundu

Mtundu wa mbalame ukusiyana mmoyo wonse. Mbali ya kumtunda (mutu, khosi, kumbuyo ndi gawo la mchira) ndi bulauni ndi variegated golide inclusions. Mphungu iyi imathandiza pulovini ya golidi kukhala yogwirizana bwino ndi chikhalidwe chozungulira, kubisala kwa adani. Mu nyengo yochezera, amuna amawoneka zokongoletsera za nthenga zakuda zozungulira ndi gulu loyera losiyana. Malo amdima angayambe pammero, pansi pa mlomo wokha, ndi kupitila mimba yonse mpaka mchira womwewo. Mitundu yosiyana imasiyanitsa amuna ndi kukopa akazi. Mkazi, monga wamphongo, amakhalanso ndi mvula yakuda pamimba. Koma sizowonongeka ndi zakuda, kotero sizowonekera kwambiri.

Mtundu waukwati umachitika ndi amuna pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa August. Pang'onopang'ono, madzulo, m'malo mwa "cholembera" chachangu. Mu nthawi yachisala (kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa June), paliwonekedwe lokongola lakuda, ndipo asananyamuke (kumayambiriro kwa September), kusintha kwa kavalidwe kumatha.

Kamwana kakang'ono ka golide kamakhala kosiyana pang'ono. Mimba ya mimba imadzazidwa ndi nthenga yoyera. Ndipo kumbuyo kuli golide-golide, ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera. Kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala ndi chikasu chofanana ndi chifuwa ndi mimba ndi mamba ochepa a mdima. Chovala chamdima sichipezeka mwa anyamata aang'ono.

Mtundu wa golide wamkulu wa golide umagula chaka. Panthawiyi, kuchokera kwa achibale achichepere, anyamatawa amadziwika okha ndi dziko la kuthawa ndi nthenga. Ku mbalame zakale, nthengazi zimatsitsimutsidwa pang'ono.

Mbalameyi, chithunzi chake chimene chimapanga kuthawa, kusiyana kwa mtundu pakati pa mapiko apamwamba ndi otsika kumakhala koonekera. Pamapiko a golidi m'kavalidwe ka nuptial, ndipo ndi nyengo yozizira m'munsi mwa phiko ndi loyera, ndi nthenga zofiira kumapeto.

Kufalitsa

Mbalame zamtengo wapatali zimakonda malo otsetsereka, mapiri a mapiri, malo owonongeka kapena amtunda. Malo ogawirako ndi Northern Europe. Nyengo yozizira ku British Isles ndi Kumadzulo ndi Kummwera kwa Ulaya. Amachokera kumadera a Iceland ndi Great Britain, kupita ku likulu la Siberia. Ku Central Europe, mbalameyi inatsala pang'ono kutha.

Kawirikawiri, mbalame zochokera m'banja la Rzhanok zimayang'anitsitsa bwino pa nsapato za Watt m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mbalizi za nthakazi zimasefukira pa mafunde, ndipo atatha madzi ambiri chakudya chimakhalabe pa iwo.

Zimene amadya

Zakudya za mitundu iyi ya mbalame ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mmenemo, tizilombo, mphutsi ndi nkhono. Chakudyachi chikhoza kupezeka muchuluka kwambiri pansi. Nkhumba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zimadya nyongolotsi, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana , dragonflies ndi akangaude. Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zitsanzo zochepa za dzombe. Popuma panthawi yopuma, pulovali ya golide imadyetsa mollusks ndi crustaceans. Chakudya cha ndiwo zamasamba chilipo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikhoza kukhala mbewu, zomera zobiriwira ndi mitsinje ya zipatso.

Moyo

Mafupa a golidi amakhala nthawi zambiri m'madera ena, kuphatikizapo oimira osati mitundu yawo yokha, komanso ena. Zikhoza kukhala zokopa kapena misomali. M'madera odyetserako ziweto zimabwerera kumtunda kwa chisanu. Chisa cha mbalamecho chimapangidwira m'nthaka. Kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba maluwa otentha (hummocks) kapena mapiri a mapiritsi. Malo amasankha osagonjetsedwa, pewani kuyandikana kwa chitsamba ndi madera amadzi ozizira. Komabe, nthaka youma kwambiri ndi zobiriwira za golide plovers nayenso sakonda. Ambiri amatha kubwerera kudera la kumadzulo kwa chaka chatha. Nthawi yamapanga ndi mapangidwe awiri ndi masika.

Nkhuku zimatuluka patsiku kukawedza, koma ngati chakudya chili chochepa, nkhumba za golide zimatha kusaka madzulo.

Kuthamanga kwa golide ku rozhanki kumalo awo kumayambira ku March mpaka gawo lachiwiri la April. M'dzinja, mbalame zikuuluka kumadera otentha mu September - November.

Kodi mawu a golide wagolide ndi chiyani?

N'zoona kuti pulovini ya golidi siikangana ndi usikuingale, koma nyimbo yake ili ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino. Nyimbo ya mwamuna imatchedwa kuthamanga. Akukwera mmwamba kupita kumlengalenga ndikukweza mapiko ake moyenera. Nyimbo yakwatira nthawi zonse ili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Gawo loyambirira, abambo amapanga maulendo osiyanasiyana a disyllabic. Ndi gawo lokongola ndi losasunthika, lomwe limabwerezedwa nthawi zambiri ndi zochepa. Gawo lachiwiri la manja likufulumizitsa, ndipo mluzu ulimo umamveka popanda mipata.

Ngati mbalame idandaula mu chisa, mfuu imakhala ndi chida chokhumudwitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, mawuwo ndi monosyllabic, ambiri ndi osasangalatsa. Ndi amodzi omwe amavomereza a golidi a golidi agolidi agolide amalowa mu paketi.

Kubalanso

Kum'mwera kwa golide plover amayamba chisa mu 1-2 zaka. Mbalame zambiri zamakale zonsezi zimayenda kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo posankha malo pansi pa chisa, mbalamezo zinayika ndi chomera chobiriwira. Mayi amaika mazira 4, nthawi yomwe ilipo pakati pa masiku awiri ndi awiri. Kutalika kwa mazira ndi pafupifupi 52 mm, mtundu wawo ndi wachikasu. Pachifukwa ichi, mawanga a bulauni ali pafupi ndi pamphepete mwa dzira.

Kukhala pa chigonjetso kwa banja rzhanok kudzafika masiku makumi atatu. Amuna ndi akazi amachitanso izi. Ndiye pali nkhuku, zomwe kuyambira masiku oyambirira zimayamba kusonyeza ufulu. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono, zithunzi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo, kwenikweni zimatha kupeza chakudya chawo nthawi yomweyo. Makolo amafunikira kwambiri kuti ateteze kuzilombo. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mapiko a golidi ndi mbalame zolimba! Amadzipangira okha nyama zowonongeka kuchokera ku chisa ndi anapiye, akudziyesa kuti avulazidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, onetsetsani kuti mtunda wa pakati pawo ndi wodyayo umakhala waung'ono, kuti asataya chidwi ndipo asabwerere ku chisa.

Nambala ndi zowonjezera

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali kumwera kwa golide ku Russia sichiposa mawiri awiri. Pakati pa nyengo ya masika ndi yophukira, gawo la dziko lathu lapansi lidutsa anthu pafupifupi 500. Kuchepetsa nambala ya golide yagolide chifukwa cha kuwombera ndi kutha kwa malo odyetsa.

Popeza dera la golidi ndi lochepa, ndipo chiwerengero chikucheperachepera, mbalameyi yalembedwa mu Red Data Book ya Russia.