Crossover kwa acoustics - kodi ndi chiyani komanso cholinga chake

Mukamayambitsa ndondomeko yamakono ya stereo mu mwini wa galimoto ayenera kusankha crossover yolondola. Kusankha kumeneku ndi kophweka ngati mumadziwa ndi kumvetsa chomwe chiri ndi zomwe zikufunikidwiratu, komanso momwe chida ichi chidzagwirira ntchito. Kotero, tiyeni tiwone chomwe crossover ili kwa acoustics.

Zizindikiro, cholinga

Chikopa ndi chida chapadera pa dongosolo la mafilimu, ntchito yaikulu yomwe ili kukonzekera nthawi yoyenera kwa wolankhula aliyense. Monga mukudziwira, ndondomeko iliyonse yolankhulana imapangidwira maulendo osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kwa chizindikiro chodyetsa kwa wokamba nkhani kupyola malire kungapangitse kusokonezeka kwa mawu. Kotero, ngati mupereka wokamba nkhani nthawi zambiri zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti chithunzi chowoneka chimasokonezedwa. Ngati maulendowa ndi apamwamba kwambiri, mwiniwake wa dongosolo sangathe kukumana ndi mawu olakwika, komanso kulephera kwa dynamo. Otsatirawa sangathe kulimbana ndi njira zoterezi.

Muzochitika zachikhalidwe, ntchito ya okamba pafupipafupi ndikumveka phokoso pokhapokha pafupipafupi. Akanema otsika kwambiri amagwira ntchito mosiyana. Nthawizina amaikidwa ngakhale m'malo osiyana mu kanyumba. Zomwezo zimapita kumveka kwafupipafupi. Iwo amangodyetsedwa kwa wolankhula wa midrange.

Choncho, pofuna kubwezeretsa nyimbo zamagalimoto m'galimoto, m'pofunika kugawa maulendo ena ndi kuwagonjetsa molondola. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira crossover for acoustics.

Momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Mapangidwe a chipangizocho ndi osavuta. Awa ndi mafayi awiri afupipafupi, ogwira ntchito motsatira mfundo izi. Kotero, pamene kupatukana kwafupipafupi ndi 1000 Hz, imodzi mwazifanizo ziwiri zidzakupatsani maulendo omwe ali otsika kuposa awa. Fyuluta yachiwiri idzagwira ntchito ndi gulu lafupipafupi pamwamba pa chizindikiro. Zosefera ziri ndi mayina awo. Kupita pansi kumapangidwira kugwira ntchito ndi maulendo apansi mpaka 1000 Hz. Phukusi lapamwamba lidzangogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi pamwamba pa 1000 Hz.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi, magulu awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, mu msika wamakono pali crossover zitatu. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu apa ndi fyuluta yina, yomwe imatha kupanga maulendo apakati pa 600 mpaka 1000 Hz.

Zina zambiri zowonongeka mafupipafupi ndi kuzidyetsa ku magwiridwe a maulendowa zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale bwino mkatikati mwa galimoto.

Zolemba zamakono za crossovers

Zida zamakono zamakono ndizopangitsa anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la kupanga zinthu izi, mtengo wa mankhwalawo wapangidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani crossover for acoustics ikuphatikizapo capacitor ndi coil? Izi ndizigawo zosavuta kwambiri. Iwo ndi otsika mtengo kuti azigwira maulendo osiyanasiyana a audio. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatha kutulutsa ndi kukonza maulendo apamwamba, pamene phokoso limagwira pafupipafupi. Ogwiritsira ntchito moyenera amagwiritsira ntchito izi ndi kupanga zomveka bwino, koma zogwiritsira ntchito bwino.

Chiwerengero cha ziwalo zowonongeka zimakhudza madontho oyandikana: 1 - chinthu chimodzi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, 2 - zinthu ziwiri. Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha ziwalo zotsekemera, komanso maulendo a crossover, maofesiwa amasinthasintha njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizili zoyenera pazitsulo zinazake. Zingaganizedwe kuti zinthu zowonongeka kwambiri m'deralo, zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kwa okamba nkhaniwo. Ndondomeko zojambulira zimakhala ndi khalidwe linalake. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "otsetsereka." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndikutengeka. Malingana ndi msinkhu wa "kuchepa kwa kuchepa", zogulitsa zonse pamsika zingagawidwe kukhala zitsanzo za kalasi yoyamba, yachiwiri, yachitatu ndi yachinayi.

Zida zogwira ntchito

Chomera chosautsa cha acoustics ndicho njira yowonjezera. Amatha kupezeka pamsika wamakono. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, chipangizo ichi sichifuna mphamvu yowonjezera yogwira ntchito. Choncho, mwini wa galimotoyo idzafulumira kwambiri komanso kuti ikhale yophweka kupanga makina olira. Chosavuta cha gulu ili lazinthu ndikuti kuphweka sikuli nthawi zonse chitsimikizo cha khalidwe.

Chifukwa cha ndondomeko yoyenera, dongosololi limatenga gawo la mphamvu kuti liwonetsetse kuti fyuluta ikugwira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ziwalo zowonongeka zimasintha kusintha. Mwachibadwa, izi sizingakhale zolakwika kwambiri. Komabe, sizingagwire ntchito mwakhama monga momwe mungathere kuti mukonzekere kangapo. Kulephera uku kulibe crossover yogwira ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale kuti zojambulazo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, mauthenga omveka mwa iwo amasankhidwa bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa dera osati kokha kwa zingwe zing'onozing'ono ndi ma capacitors, komanso ma semiconductors, opanga amapanga zipangizo zamakono ndi miyeso yowonjezera. Crossover yogwira ntchito sizimawoneka ngati gawo losiyana. Komabe, mulimbula iliyonse muli mafayilo oterewa.

Kodi mungakonze bwanji chipangizo molondola?

Kuti mupeze phokoso labwino kwambiri m'galimoto, m'pofunika kusankha nthawi yoyenera, momwe zonse zosafunikira zidzathetsedwa. Pankhani ya chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito magulu atatu, mfundo ziwiri zoyenera kuzipeza ziyenera kupezeka. Yoyamba iwonetsa nkhope pakati pa maulendo apansi ndi apakati. Yachiwiri ndi kusiyana pakati pa sing'anga ndi maulendo apamwamba.

Kodi molondola bwanji kuwerengera ndi manja anu?

Kuwerengera mtengo wa acoustics ndi njira yofunikira. Komabe palibe wopanga angapange njira yabwino yodzikongoletsa, yomwe ingabweretse phokoso mosiyana. Kwa maulendo apansi, subwoofers amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Olankhula-mafupipafupi apakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa sing'anga. Koma pamene zovuta zonse zimayamba kumveka, ndiye kusokonezeka kungabwere. Ndicho chifukwa chake mukusowa crossover mu zokometsera - kotero kuti chizindikiro cha maulendo ena chimangopita kumalo enaake. Kuti mupeze pulogalamu yosokoneza bipolar kapena yina iliyonse pa njira yoyamba ya amplifier, chipangizo chogawaniza chizindikiro chikugwirizana. Ichi ndi fyuluta. Muyiyi yonse yokhala ndi machitidwe ovomerezeka omwe alipo kale ali okhwima omwe amapanga ndi owerengedwa ndi opanga.

Koma momwe mungakhalire, ngati mukufunikira kugawaniza phokoso mumagulu ena malinga ndi mfundo ina? Mwachidziwitso simusowa kuti muwerenge chirichonse - mu nthawi yathu yamakono, ngakhale pa ntchito zosavuta pali pulogalamu. Pano ndi mawerengedwe awa pali pulogalamu, mwachitsanzo Crossover Elements Calculator.

Choyamba, pulogalamuyi imayambitsa ndondomeko ya kukana kwa olankhula LF ndi HF, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala 4 Ohms. Kenaka, lowetsani nthawi yomwe chipangizocho chiyenera kugawanika. Yambani mwamsanga dongosolo ndi crossover. Kenaka dinani pa batani ndikudikirira kuti pulogalamuyi ibwezere zotsatira. Chotsatira chake, chidzapereka chithunzi pomwe zida zoyenera ndi zitsulo zidzasonyezedwe kuti zidzalowe.

Zosankha za kusankha

Msika umapereka zipangizo zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiyana ndi khalidwe, mtengo, opanga enieni. Sankhani mtanda wa acoustics sizaphweka - simungangotenga ndi kugula zomwe mumakonda. Kusankhidwa kumapangidwira njira zina zamakono. Tangoganizani kuti subwoofer yanu imapanga mafupipafupi otsika kuyambira 18 mpaka 200 Hz, wokamba nkhani pakatikati amapanga maulendo kuchokera 200 mpaka 1000 Hz, ndipo wokamba nkhaniyo amachititsa maulendo kuchokera 1000 mpaka 16,000 Hz. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amplifier alibe fyuluta yowonongeka ndipo imatulutsa maulendo osiyanasiyana kuyambira 18 mpaka 20,000 Hz. Pachifukwa ichi, mukufunikira crossover ya njira zitatu zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito kusinthasintha mu mndandanda.

Komanso, posankha, samverani chiwerengero cha magulu. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wafupipafupi. Ayenera kuonedwa kuti akutha. Zipangizo zamtundu wa Multilevel zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowona bwino zimatha kusintha kwambiri khalidwe labwino.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ife tinapeza chomwe crossover ndi zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Monga mukuonera, ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu kayendedwe ka galimoto.