Carnot Zolimbikitsa - zipangizo ongolankhula zapansi ndi injini zonse za mkati kuyaka

Mwa onse ozungulira njira thermodynamic yapadera ongolankhula ndi othandiza ntchito ya Carnot mkombero. nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wosagonjetseka, chachikulu, angwiro, ndi zina zotero. d. A zambiri akuwonekera kukhala chinthu chachinsinsi ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Komabe, ngati izo ziri zoona kuika kumvera pa kulankhula onse, nthawi yomweyo kutsegula kuphweka onse, kukongola ndi mwapang'ono anatulukira ichi, chimene anapeza ndi wasayansi French ndi injiniya Sadi Carnot. Ndipo zimaonekeratu kuti palibe chachilendo mu ndondomeko akufuna ndi iwo, koma pali ntchito kothandiza kwambiri pa malamulo ena a chilengedwe.

Choncho kodi odziwika bwino komanso wovuta Carnot mkombero? Iwo akhoza chimatanthauza quasi-malo amodzi ndondomeko zochokera kuchepetsa dongosolo thermodynamic anakumana matenthedwe ndi awiri thermostats akasinja ndi zonse ndi khola mfundo kutentha. Amaganiza kuti kutentha choyamba (Kutentha) kuposa wachiwiri (firiji). Carnot mkombero ndi dongosolo thermodynamic kuti choyamba, poyamba kukhala ndi zina mtengo ikukhudzana amabwera mu kukhudzana ndi chotenthetsera lapansi. Ndiye, ndi kuchepetsa wamphamvu pang'onopang'ono kuthamanga m'menemo otchedwa quasistatic kutambasuka, kenako pobwereka ku chotenthetsera ndi kutentha kukana zoipazi kunja.

Kenako, dongosolo n'kopanda, amene kachiwiri chimachititsa izo quasistatic ndi kuwonjezeka adiabatic mpaka kutentha kwake kufika firiji magawo ofanana. Mu mtundu wa dongosolo kuwonjezeka thermodynamic anachita wina ntchito zoipa kuthamanga kunja. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, kachitidwe ndi kubwera mu kukhudzana ndi condenser ndi m'mene mwa mosalekeza kukula kuthamanga ndi wothinikizidwa pa nthawiyo, kuti ndiye zonse akutumiza chachiwiri kutentha mosungiramo, anaitenga ku chotenthetsera lapansi. Carnot Zolimbikitsa wapadera kuti si limodzi ndi kutaya chilichonse kutentha. Theoretically, ngati chiwembu angatchedwe lopitirira zoyenda makina. Ichi ndi chifukwa dzuwa matenthedwe ya Carnot adzizungulira, potsata nzeru awiri kutentha thanki adzakhala nthawi zonse apamwamba kotheka. Koma mpaka palibe amene anatha kulenga makina, matenthedwe dzuwa lomwe kuti upambana sate pa zana a chovomerezeka cyclical ndondomeko Sadi Carnot.

Ndipo ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa abwino chifukwa kuposa m'zinthu zina amatha kusintha kutentha mu ntchito zothandiza. Komano, chifukwa mavuto kulinganiza ndi kuchititsa njira isothermal, tanthauzo lake ndi povuta mu injini kwenikweni. Pakuti pazipita kutentha kutengerapo dzuwa la ngati makina ayenera olekanitsidwa chilengedwe kunja, zomwe kwenikweni ndi kovuta.

Chigamulocho Carnot mkombero ndi maziko a zochita za kutentha mpope mfundo zomwe, mosiyana ndi makina refrigerating ayenera aliyense mphamvu otentha chinthu angaperekedwe zambiri, monga dongosolo magetsi. Ena mwa kutentha linachokera ku malo kunja, kukhala m'munsi kutentha, kachigawo otsala mphamvu chofunika adzamasulidwa ku ntchito ya ntchito makina, monga kompresa a.