Mayiko chitukuko mabanki. IBRD

mabungwe kukongoza Regional kupereka ngongole ndi thandizo luso lapadera kwa States ncholinga chitukuko ndi zachuma. Pakali pano, ndi yapakati-American, African, Asian mabanki. Iwo kukwaniritsa zolinga ndi ntchito. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane alipo chitukuko mabanki Multilaterial.

tsogolo

Mayiko chitukuko mabanki inakhazikitsidwa kuti zifukwa zingapo:

1) kuwonjezeka udindo wa mayiko a m'dera dziko;

2) kufunika kwa kuthana ndi mavuto amene si nthawi zonse amaonanso wa IMF;

3) kukopa chuma kunja ndalama cholinga cha ngongole ya;

4) kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi pazachuma wa maiko;

5) mamembala chidwi MRBR (makamaka sanali dera) popititsa patsogolo katundu.

Kusiyana ndi kufanana

Mayiko chitukuko mabanki ndimasewera kusiyanitsidwa a zokhudza chikhalidwe, chuma chitukuko cha mayiko. Koma iwo zolinga zofanana: kulimbikitsa madera Ponena kukula. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi umphawi mu Asia ndi Africa.

Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa mamembala a mabungwe ngongole - anayamba mayiko. Iwo eni ambiri mwa likulu, iwo zimakhudza gulu. zosankha kanthu mwa mayiko ndi dera mabanki chitukuko (IDB, ADB, AfDB), akhoza itatsekedwa ndi US, Japan, Nigeria.

Mawu mamembala amafalitsidwa malingana ndi likulu padera. Ngakhale, malinga ndi hayala, ambiri ayenera a mamembala dera, koma gawo lawo anagwa lero yochepa (pafupifupi 50,02%) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayiko olemera mu chiphunzitso cha.

IDB

The yapakati-American Bank Development - gulu intergovernmental analengedwera akubwereketsa mu pulogalamu Latin America mu 1959. The Board ndi ku Washington, bungwe lolamulira - Council Bungwe, amene amasankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu. Monga mbali ya 27 dera ndi 20 ma sheya hoda banki yemwe sanali wa dera. Ovomerezeka likulu - madola mabiliyoni 34, 30% ya mavoti onse ndi United States. Resources asonkhanitsidwa ku mayiko misika likulu. The Bank amapereka ngongole pa mawu yachibadwa malonda.

ADB

The Bank Development African linakhazikitsidwa ndi ya bungwe la Mgwirizano African kulimbikitsa chitukuko chuma Africa lonse. Lopita likulu ndi biliyoni madola 100. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti limati membala ali% 7.6 okha cha ndalamazo, zina akhala mwa mawonekedwe a malipiro kungakupatseni. Pansi iwo ADB kulera ndalama zina mu msika wa likulu ngongole. Mavuto ndi chuma gulu alibe. Koma ambiri mwa likulu ali anaikira mu Africa.

ADB

Asian Development Bank ndalama ntchito yotithandiza kukula kwa Asia ndi chuma Far East. Liku- lu mu Philippines. Njira zofunika kwa aziwonetsero ndi mabungwe alamulo. Wapakati ngongole kuchuluka - madola 15 miliyoni. Kiyi ndalama m'madera - mafakitale zoyendera ulimi, mphamvu, ndi gawo la ndalama. Ndalama anapereka kwa ndalama. Normal ndi kukongoza mochititsa chidwi 5% zaka 15-25. ntchito yapadera chifukwa pa kukongoza kwa nthawi yaitali (zaka 25-40) mwa 1-3%. Nthawi chisomo 3-5 ndi zaka 10.

IBRD

Bank padziko lonse kumanganso ndiponso Development unakhazikitsidwa mu 1944, 170 Member States. Limatchedwanso the World. IBRD ntchito - akukongoza osauka maboma dziko ndi mabungwe a boma. wolandila anakakamizika ntchito ndalama kuti cholinga chawo amafunira. Bank padziko lonse kumanganso ndiponso Development ndi bungwe ngongole imene pa chiyambi cha ntchito udaikidwa kuganizira kuchira chuma m'mayiko onse a dziko.

Features kukongoza

mamembala a banki kungakhale kokha IMF membala limati. mabungwe Capital anakhazikitsa muzimvetsera malinga ndi chiwerengero masamu aliyense boma, malingana umatha zachuma. The kuumba apamwamba (17.5%) ndi chiwerengero cha mavoti (17%) a United States. The Bank amapereka ngongole kokha zosungunulira borrowers musati postpones malipiro pa ngongole, choncho konse afika kumawononga. Institution wakhala anasonkhanitsa agwira ntchito ntchito zachuma. ntchito zake mosalekeza koposa theka la kuchuluka pachaka ndalama allocated ndi ophunzira.

Resources monga banki chilungamo kupanga ndalama kwa sing'anga ndi yaitali ngongole. zopereka membala kuimira osachepera 5% ya bajeti Bank a World. Boma akugula mukuchita chisanadze anavomera kuchuluka, amene anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa chitukuko chuma cha boma, koma kulipira zochepa za ndalama zawo. Kusamala - "ndalama ankafuna", mwina mwake, ngati banki adzakhala lobweretsa zomvetsa yaikulu. likulu izi zikhoza kupita ku disbursement ya kumangidwa.

utsogoleri

Thupi wamkulu wa bungwe ndi Directorate. Iwo amadalira makomiti 5: kafukufuku, utsogoleri, ogwira malamulo kupanga ndalama chidacho. Mgwirizanowu a World Bank ndi matabwa IMF ndi akazembe chinkhoswe. Iye amayang'ana mafunso monga: ndondomeko mgwirizano otukuka mayiko, kuchepetsa ngongole m'madera mafakitale chitukuko payekha gawo, komanso kukonzekera malipoti kasamalidwe.

CB "Bank mayiko a Development"

IDB - Metropolitan bungwe ngongole, amene waukulu ntchito - ntchito ndi sheya ngongole, ngongole ndi RKO. Idamangidwa mu 1994. Eni kapangidwe ka mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono zinali kuonekera Moscow: "Alexis lingaliro", "FC Garant", "Galeon-TM." Pakali pano, chitukuko malonda malipoti banki kwa LLC "Intergazneft" ndi JSC "Urengoymontazhpromstroy".

Kukhazikitsidwa chikuphatikizapo mutu ndi maudindo awiri ena likulu. The Bank International Development (Moscow) lolunjika pa ogulidwa ndi kugulitsa kumangigwa. makasitomala Corporate Amawapatsa akonzedwa tingachipeze powerenga za misonkhano, kuphatikizapo kukongoza ndi ndalama Pamudzi. Borrowers kutumikira mabizinezi makamaka malonda. makasitomala ndi kupeza ntchito, kupatula ngongole magalimoto ndi zanyumba. Mu zonse, bungwe ndalama pali makasitomala 5000.

likulu

Kapangidwe ka chuma ukonde wa nawo kwambiri wotanganidwa ndi nsinga Russian issuers '(45%) ndi mbiri ngongole (37%). Malonda Bank Development ali wambirimbiri nkhokwe (48%) ndi arrears (26%). Kumayambiriro kwa kotala chachitatu cha 2013 bungwe la kwachititsa za wachitatu wa ngongole ku interbank kukongoza msika. kotala A kugwira bwino pa miyala ya makasitomala makampani, 4% nkhani ndi ndalama za anthu. Ngakhale zothandiza kwambiri mu kusanja a mabanki ku Russia CB "IDB" ali malo 373rd.

Pomaliza

Mayiko chitukuko mabanki analengedwa ndi mabungwe a boma ndi ena kuti patsogolo cuma ndi anthu a mitundu. Iwo kuphatikiza zinthu zofanana. Koma nkhani iliyonse zoterozo bungwe tiyenera tikonze mayiko nawo ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba mavoti.